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Influenza viruses resistant to oseltamivir, news and updates
Only point in that posting was the mention of inappropriate choice of vaccine strains driving evolutionary pressure that results in (perhaps) new-to-human strains, causing epidemics.
..........The thrust of this thread is this: we have plenty of evidence that inappropriate choice of vaccine strains and their widespread use for one or more seasons can potentially harm more than help.
..............
Where vaccination is vigorously employed to contain outbreaks, and the viral genome is plastically adept at immune evasion, the 'wrong' choice of vaccine strain to combat human and animal disease may carry heavy consequences in subsequent years........
It's interesting to remember that the original H1N1 was fairly stable until we started vaccinations - then there was the 1947 mini-pandemic. See earlier discussion at http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/sho...+H1N1+pandemic
.
"The next major advancement in the health of American people will be determined by what the individual is willing to do for himself"-- John Knowles, Former President of the Rockefeller Foundation
It's interesting to remember that the original H1N1 was fairly stable until we started vaccinations - then there was the 1947 mini-pandemic. See earlier discussion at http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/sho...+H1N1+pandemic
.
It should be noted that by the time the Solomon Island H1N1 vaccine was used (this season for the northern hemisphere), the Solomon Island clade 2A had been replaced by Brisbane clade 2B and Hong Kong clade 2C.
This past season there is NO evidence for the presence of clade 2A in the US (or anywhere else) in the 2007/2008 season, MMWR/CDC reports notwithstanding.
This appears to be a MAJOR snow job (commentary soon).
If such antiviral resistance strain mess came out because of seasonal vaccines, what would happen if (like suggested in one thread) the pre-pandemic bf vaccines will be injected (to prime, or else) in endemic areas before any pandemic?
Wouldn't than the outcome result be much worse - inducing an more resistant human bf new strain enabled that way to go pandemic, instead using existing pre-pand. vacc. only when the pandemic realy starts?
If such antiviral resistance strain mess came out because of seasonal vaccines, what would happen if (like suggested in one thread) the pre-pandemic bf vaccines will be injected (to prime, or else) in endemic areas before any pandemic?
Wouldn't than the outcome result be much worse - inducing an more resistant human bf new strain enabled that way to go pandemic, instead using existing pre-pand. vacc. only when the pandemic realy starts?
Seasonal flu is established in human populations, while pandemic H5N1 is not. Attacking an established strain with a mismatched vaccine simply pushes the evolution (like treating Brisbane/Hong Kong with Solomon Island or use of H5N2 to vaccinate poultry).
A pre-pandemic vaccine, especially when used as a bootser (and followed up a year later with another boost), PREVENTS the estrablishment of the pandemic strain in the human population.
Than the suggested WHO/countries/local preparations are wrong when suggesting not enaugh pre-pandemics vacc. quantity production, and it's applying only after the start, based on triages, instead of pre-pand. vacc. for all citizens stocked now and distributed as a prevention measure.
But the main trail guidelines/production aren't changed ...
Seasonal flu is established in human populations, while pandemic H5N1 is not. Attacking an established strain with a mismatched vaccine simply pushes the evolution (like treating Brisbane/Hong Kong with Solomon Island or use of H5N2 to vaccinate poultry).
A pre-pandemic vaccine, especially when used as a bootser (and followed up a year later with another boost), PREVENTS the estrablishment of the pandemic strain in the human population.
I wonder:
What has decades of influenza vaccine use, human virus cultured in eggs, done to blur viral recognition between species? Especially when it's intended for use in the our most susceptible subpopulations?
(I shudder to consider the effect of a growing cohort of HIV-infected individuals, on promoting viral escape, as they are proficient silent carriers).
That CACO2 intestinal cell line study, now that was a interesting study. It suggested that human influenza viruses were easily 'chickenized' by nearly-universal vaccine production methods.
I think that just might have 'trickle down' effects in later decades, don't you, where human viruses meet avian - in say, viral mixmastering swine populations?
I sent email to CDC, asking to confirm this season's H1N1-numbers
The CDC has published well over 100 sequences from this season and there are ZERO clade 2A, which is also true for the sequences published by the Air Force as well as teh various phylogenetic trees which have ZERO clade 2A isolates from the 2007/2008.
The story is in the sequence and the story on Clade 2A (Solomon Islands) in 2007/2008 is VERY clear.
On a related the Relenza resistance (Q137K) is also on a Brisbane backgound and has now appeared in the US (Pennsylvania this year).
I was only able to find reports of Relenza resistance to one influenza virus: type B, which I believe hadn't shown antiviral resistance before this year. I hadn't heard about Relenza resistance.
I've wondered if substandard dosing is the culprit behind sudden rise of geographically distinct, but not distant (as in Paris and Southern France) resistance of H1N1 to tamiflu.
(the following is purely speculative babble)...
Maybe there is something in the food or regional favorite drink that either inhibits the esterase cleavage of precursor form of Tamiflu or enhances its drug metabolism, clearing it from the system before it has a chance to work properly. Provence and Parisian/Bordeaux cuisine are quite different.
Tamiflu is, after all, derived from natural product (unlike Relenza, which is purely synthetic and I believe active in its administered form, although it has poor uptake when administered orally).
The spice it is most like is burned as incense in Japan, and consumed elsewhere in Arabic and European cooking/appertifs.
Relenza resistance is showing up on Brisbane H1H1 in Asia, and has now appeared in the US.
Asia isolates
gb|CY030877.1| Influenza A virus (A/Christchurch/62/2007(H1N1... 40.1 0.040
gb|CY030875.1| Influenza A virus (A/Brisbane/308/2007(H1N1)) ... 40.1 0.040
gb|CY030873.1| Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/39/2008(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.040
gb|CY030871.1| Influenza A virus (A/Brisbane/334/2007(H1N1)) ... 40.1 0.040
gb|CY030868.1| Influenza A virus (A/Philippines/905/2006(H1N1... 40.1 0.040
gb|CY030866.1| Influenza A virus (A/Philippines/604/2006(H1N1... 40.1 0.040
gb|CY030864.1| Influenza A virus (A/Philippines/1279/2006(H1N... 40.1 0.040
gb|EU124179.1| Influenza A virus (A/Brisbane/297/2006(H1N1)) ... 40.1 0.040
A pre-pandemic vaccine, especially when used as a bootser (and followed up a year later with another boost), PREVENTS the estrablishment of the pandemic strain in the human population.
.........but not the establishment of a milder mini-pandemic strain? Can pre-pan vax with boosters prevent the establishment of H5N1 in the human population?
As this discussion has gone beyond the capabilities of my usual search methods, could you please direct me to information concerning the H1N1 mutation Q137K and it's interaction with zanamivir?
As this discussion has gone beyond the capabilities of my usual search methods, could you please direct me to information concerning the H1N1 mutation Q137K and it's interaction with zanamivir?
Cheers,
John
I think the only references so far are the characterization sheets, like the one posted.
referring to the meeting (post #113) where they determine
the vaccine for the next season :
wouldn't it be better to discuss such things in an internet forum ?
no problems with people being absent, you post when you have time,
several people can talk at the same time, votes can be changed, links to documents can be given,
others may contribute (after moderation)
referring to the meeting (post #113) where they determine
the vaccine for the next season :
wouldn't it be better to discuss such things in an internet forum ?
no problems with people being absent, you post when you have time,
several people can talk at the same time, votes can be changed, links to documents can be given,
others may contribute (after moderation)
The meetings are on deadline. No one is going to wait for someone to post when they have the time. These meetings last a few hours (no internet required).
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