Scientists discover avian influenza outbreak closely related to bird migration

[Shiloh]

Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/20...t_12822523.htm

Scientists discover avian influenza outbreak closely related to bird migration
www.chinaview.cn 2010-01-16 23:19:41

by Xinhua writer Yan Hao

KUNMING, Jan. 16 (Xinhua) -- A research jointly conducted by Chinese and Asian scientists has discovered that highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak was closely related to bird migration.

The discovery was revealed at the fifth regional meeting of the Asian Partnership on Emerging Infectious Diseases Research (APEIR),which concluded on Saturday in Kunming, capital of southwest Yunnan Province.

Lei Fumin, researcher of Institute of Zoology with Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua that the research team had studied avian influenza outbreaks along the bird migration routes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The research team consisted of Vietnamese, Cambodian, Thai, Indonesian and Chinese scientists.

Studies showed that avian influenza outbreaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were frequently coincided with bird migration both in time and location.

Studies on migratory birds of different species in different regions which could carry the influenza's virus showed that lakes and wetlands along the migration paths were key zones for the influenza viruses, Lei said.

The studies proved that the role of wild birds in the transmission of avian influenza should be paid great attention to, said Dr. Witthawat Wiriyarat from Thailand, who joined the research team.

He proposed to form a regional surveillance network to monitor avian influenza viruses in migratory birds.

Bodies of migratory birds in large number were found around some lakes in the plateau in 2005, which drew scientists' attention to the studies on the migration birds.

"The migratory birds could constantly adapt and become immune to influenza viruses," said Lei. "That has led to a decreasing infection ratio among them.

"If we could strengthen monitoring and prevent poultry from contacting the wild migratory birds, the chance of them getting infected by the birds will decrease."

With support from the APEIR, the research team will continue studies on the relations between the avian influenza outbreak and the migratory bird, Lei said.

The APEIR was initiated by Canada's International Development Research Center in 2005 to promote regional research collaboration on H5N1 bird flu.

(Xinhua correspondent Yang Yueping in Kunming contributed tothe story.)

[AlaskaDenise]

Originally Posted by Shiloh

......... "The migratory birds could constantly adapt and become immune to influenza viruses," said Lei. "That has led to a decreasing infection ratio among them. .........

While dead birds may not fly, those with superior immune systems clearly do.

I wonder if the Qnghai pikas were part of this study.

.

[mixin]

"The migratory birds could constantly adapt and become immune to influenza viruses," said Lei. "That has led to a decreasing infection ratio among them.

I wonder how he can speculate they "could" adapt and then say positively that "has led to a decreasing infection ratio"?

IIRC, they never found it in wild birds to any large degree other than in the dead and dying ones. At any rate, we know AI is a bird killer and species should be kept separate.

I hope they'll publish their study.

[gsgs]

what's true for Qinghai-Tibet plateau may well be different
for Egypt,Nigeria,Indonesia,Vietnam,Thailand



http://sourcedb.cas.cn/sourcedb_ioz_...6_2088440.html



In particular, Witthawat Wiriyarat, a veterinarian and virologist at Mahidol University in Bangkok told ScienceInsider that a 3-year-old regional surveillance network is making progress in sorting out the role of wild birds. Some waterfowl initially thought to be spreading the virus, such as the Asian openbill stork, are now known to quickly succumb to H5N1 infection, Wiriyarat says.
But passerine species, or perching birds, are apparently carrying the virus without ill effects, says Fumin Lei, of the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Zoology in Beijing. He adds that there is a high correlation of outbreaks in poultry and passerine movements.

http://blogs.sciencemag.org/sciencei...forgotten.html


http://www.apeiresearch.net/smenupage.php?menuid=3

http://www.apeiresearch.net/smenupag...d=4&submain=no

http://www.apeiresearch.net/smenupage.php?menuid=7

http://www.apeiresearch.net/document...31014822-1.pdf

[Pathfinder]

Wild birds carry avian flu viruses to North America: Report


Reuters




Migrating waterfowl may be carrying avian influenza viruses from Asia to the Americas, U.S. government researchers report.

Photograph by: Doug Pensinger/Getty Images, Getty Images



WASHINGTON - Migrating waterfowl may be carrying avian influenza viruses from Asia to the Americas, U.S. government researchers reported on Tuesday.

They found genetic evidence that some non-dangerous influenza viruses infecting northern pintail ducks in Alaska are genetically more closely related to Asian strains of bird flu than to North American strains.

"Although some previous research has led to speculation that intercontinental transfer of avian influenza viruses from Asia to North America via wild birds is rare, this study challenges that," said Chris Franson, a research wildlife biologist at the U.S. Geological Survey, who helped lead the study.

more...

http://www.calgaryherald.com/Health/...html?id=932145

[AlaskaDenise]

Originally Posted by Pathfinder

............the USGS team said they had collected samples from more than 1,400 northern pintails from throughout Alaska and compared any viruses they found to virus samples taken from other birds in North America and eastern Asia where northern pintails spend the winter.........

This information was first reported in 2007, when the facts were correctly reported - Northern pintails in Alaska mostly spend the winter in the southern regions of the US. See the USGS's own information:



http://alaska.usgs.gov/science/biolo...intail-Map.jpg

.

[gsgs]

> Although some previous research has led to speculation
> that intercontinental transfer of avian influenza viruses
> from Asia to North America via wild birds is rare, this
> study challenges that,"

why would the study challenge that ?
Genetical exchanges in Alaska presumably happen since centuries,
yet that didn't lead to common evolution of Asian and American
sements.
Did anything change recently in pintail-migration habits or why
should the evolution start to be different now ?

You could argue that poultry trade is increasing or terrorists
might transport viruses, that would be a change.
But Northern pintail migration ?

[mixin]

* Wild birds carry avian flu viruses to North America
* Migrating waterfowl may be carrying avian influenza viruses
* None of the samples were found to contain completely Asian-origin viruses
* none were highly pathogenic.
* certain parts of the genes of the viruses resembled Asian strains
*no evidence any have carried H5N1 with them to North America from Asia

Certainly the headline is an attention getter.

What do they mean "certain parts resembled"? Are they talking about whole segments or just a certain marker?

I hope they published their actual report along with the sequences.

[gsgs]

segments

>A/pintail/Alaska/Index/2006(H3N8)
AGCGAAAGCAGGTCAAATATATTCAATATGGAGAGAATAAAAGAACTAAGAGATCTAATGTCACAGTCTCGCACTCGCGAGATACTCACCAAAACCACTGTGGACCACATGGCCATAATCAAAAAATACACATCAGGAAGGCAAGAGAAGAACCCCGCACTCAGGATGAAGTGGATGATGGCAATGAAATATCCAATTACAGCAGATAAAAGAATAATGGAAATGATTCCTGAAAGGAATGAACAAGGACAAACCCTCTGGAGCAAAACAAATGATGCCGGCTCAGACCGAGTGATGGTATCACCTCTGGCTGTGACATGGTGGAATAGGAATGGACCAACAACAAGTACAGTTCACTACCCAAAGGTATATAAAACTTATTTCGAAAAAGTCGAAAGATTGAAACACGGGACCTTTGGCCCTGTCCACTTCAGAAATCAAGTTAAGATAAGACGGAGGGTTGACATAAACCCTGGCCATGCAGATCTCAGTGCCAAAGAGGCACAGGATGTAATCATGGAAGTTGTTTTCCCAAATGAAGTGGGAGCTAGAATACTAACATCGGAATCACAGCTGACAATAACAAAAGAGAAGAAAGAGGAGCTCCAAGACTGCAAAATTGCCCCCTTGATGGTTGCATACATGCTAGAAAGAGAGTTGGTCCGCAAAACGAGGTTCCTCCCAGTGGCTGGTGGGACAAGCAGTGTCTACATTGAGGTGCTGCATTTAACCCAGGGGACATGCTGGGAGCAGATGTACACTCCAGGAGGGGAAGTGAGAAATGATGATGTTGACCAAAGCTTAATTATCGCTGCCAGAAACATAGTAAGAAGAGCAACAGTATCAGCAGACCCACTAGCATCTCTATTGGAGATGTGCCACAGCACACAGATTGGGGGAATAAGGATGGTAGACATTCTTCGGCAAAATCCAACAGAGGAACAAGCTGTGGACATATGCAAGGCAGCAATGGGCTTAAGGATTAGCTCATCTTTCAGCTTTGGTGGATTCACTTTCAAAAGAACAAGCGGGTCGTCAGTTAAAAGAGAAGAAGAAGTGCTTACGGGCAACCTTCAAACATTGAAAATAAGAGTACATGAGGGGTATGAAGAGTTCACAATGGTTGGGAGAAGAGCAACAGCTATTCTCAGGAAGGCAACCAGAAGATTGATCCAGCTAATAGTAAGTGGGAGAGACGAGCAGTCAATTGCTGAAGCAATAATTGTGGCCATGGTATTCTCACAAGAGGATTGCATGATCAAGGCAGTTCGAGGTGATCTGAACTTTGTCAATAGGGCAAACCAGCGGCTGAACCCCATGCATCAACTCTTGAGACACTTCCAAAAGGATGCAAAAGTGCTTTTCCAAAACTGGGGAATTGAACCCATTGACAATGTAATGGGAATGATCGGAATACTGCCCGATATGACCCCAAGTACTGAGATGTCGCTGAGGGGGATAAGAGTCAGTAAGATGGGAGTAGATGAATACTCCAGCACAGAGAGGGTGGTAGTGAGCATTGACCGATTTTTAAGAGTTCGGGACCAACGGGGGAACGTACTATTGTCACCTGAAGAAGTCAGCGAGACACAAGGAACAGAGAAGCTGACAATAACTTATTCGTCATCAATGATGTGGGAGATCAATGGTCCTGAGTCGGTGTTGGTCAATACTTATCAGTGGATCATCAGAAACTGGGAAACTGTGAAAATTCAATGGTCACAGGATCCCACAATGTTATATAATAAGATGGAATTCGAGCCATTTCAGTCTCTGGTCCCTAAGGCAGCCAGAGGTCAGTACAGTGGATTCGTGAGGACACTATTCCAACAAATGCGGGATGTGCTTGGAACTTTTGACACTGTTCAGATAATAAAACTTCTCCCATTTGCTGCTGCTCCACCAGAACAAAGTAGGATGCAGTTCTCCTCCCTGACTGTGAATGTGAGAGGATCAGGAATGAGGATACTGGTAAGAGGCAATTCTCCAGTGTTCAATTACAACAAGGCCACCAAGAGGCTCACAGTTCTCGGAAAGGATGCAGGTGCATTGACCGAAGATCCAGATGAAGGCACAGCTGGAGTAGAGTCTGCTGTTCTAAGAGGATTCCTCATTTTGGGCAAAGAAGACAAGAGATATGGCCCAGCATTGAGCATCAATGAGCTGAGCAATCTTGCAAAAGGAGAGAAGGCTAATGTGCTAATTGGGCAAGGAGACGTGGTGTTGGTAATGAAACGGAAACGGGACTCTAGCATACTTACTGACAGCCAGACAGCGACCAAAAGAATTCGGATGGCCATCAATTAGTGTCGAATTGTTTAAAAACGACCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCGAAAGCAGGCAAACCATTTGAATGGATGTCAATCCGACTTTACTTTTCTTGAAAGTTCCAGCGCAAAATGCCATAAGCACCACATTCCCATATACTGGAGATCCTCCATACAGCCATGGAACAGGAACAGGATACACCATGGACACAGTTAACAGAACACATCAATATTCAGAAAAGGGGAAATGGACAACAAACTCAGAGACTGGAGCACCCCAACTTAACCCAATTGATGGACCACTGCCTGAGGACAATGAGCCAAGTGGATATGCACAAACGGACTGTGTCCTTGAAGCAATGGCTTTCCTTGAAGAGTCCCACCCAGGAATCTTTGAAAACTCGTGTCTTGAAACGATGGAAGTTGTTCAACAAACAAGAGTGGACAAATTGACCCAAGGCCGTCAGACCTATGATTGGACATTAAACAGGAATCAGCCGGCTGCAACTGCATTAGCTAATACTATAGAGGTCTTCAGATCGAACGGTCTGACAGCTAATGAATCAGGAAGGCTAATAGATTTTCTCAAGGATGTGATGGAATCAATGGATAAAGAGGAAATGGAAATAACAACGCATTTCCAAAGGAAAAGAAGAGTGAGAGACAACATGACCAAGAAAATGGTCACACAAAGAACAATAGGAAAGAAGAAGCAGAGGCTAAACAAAAGGAGCTATCTAATAAGAGCATTGACACTGAACACAATGACAAAAGACGCCGAAAGAGGCAAATTAAAGAGAAGAGCAATTGCAACACCCGGAATGCAAATCAGAGGATTTGTATACTTTGTTGAAACATTAGCAAGGAGCATTTGTGAGAAGCTTGAACAATCTGGACTCCCAGTTGGAGGCAATGAAAAGAAGGCTAAACTGGCAAATGTTGTGAGAAAAATGATGACTAATTCACAAGACACAGAACTCTCTTTCACAATCACTGGAGACAACACCAAATGGAATGAAAATCAGAACCCTAGGATGTTTCTGGCAATGATAACATATATAACAAGAAACCAACCTGAATGGTTTAGGAATGTCTTGAGCATTGCACCTATAATGTTCTCAAATAAAATGGCAAGACTAGGGAAAGGATACATGTTCGAAAGTAAGAGCATGAAGCTTCGAACACAAATACCGGCAGAAATGCTAGCAAGTATTGATCTGAAATATTTCAATGAGTCAACAAGAAAGAAAATAGAGAAGATAAGGCCTCTTCTAATAGATGGTACAGCCTCATTGAGCCCTGGAATGATGATGGGCATGTTCAACATGCTAAGTACAGTTTTGGGAGTTTCGATTCTAAATCTAGGGCAAAAGAGGTACACCAAAACAACATACTGGTGGGACGGACTCCAATCCTCTGATGACTTTGCTCTCATAGTGAATGCACCGAATCATGAGGGAATACAAGCAGGAGTAGACAGATTCTATAGAACCTGCAAGCTGGTCGGAATCAACATGAGCAAAAAGAAGTCCTACATAAACAGGACAGGAACATTTGAATTCACAAGCTTTTTCTATCGCTATGGATTTGTAGCCAACTTTAGCATGGAGTTGCCCAGCTTTGGAGTGTCTGGGATTAATGAATCTGCAGACATGAGCATTGGAGTAACAGTGATAAAGAACAACATGATAAACAATGATCTTGGACCAGCAACAGCTCAAATGGCTCTTCAGCTGTTCATCAAGGATTACAGATACACGTATCGGTGTCACAGAGGGGACACACAAATTCAGACAAGGAGGTCATTCGAGCTGAAGAAGTTGTGGGAACAAACCCGCTCAAAAGCAGGACTGCTGGTCTCAGATGGAGGACCAAATCTATACAATATCCGGAATCTCCACATTCCGGAAGTCTGCTTGAAATGGGAGCTAATGGACGAAGACTATCAGGGAAGGCTTTGTAACCCCCTGAATCCGTTTGTCAGCCACAAAGAGATAGAGTCTGTAAACAATGCTGTGGTGATGCCAGCTCATGGCCCAGCCAAGAGCATGGAATATGATGCTGTTGCTACCACGCACTCCTGGATCCCTAAGAGGAACCGCTCCATCCTCAATACAAGCCAAAGGGGAATCCTTGAAGATGAACAGATGTATCAAAAGTGCTGCAATCTATTCGAGAAATTCTTCCCTAGCAGTTCATACAGGAGACCGGTTGGGATTTCCAGCATGGTGGAGGCCATGGTTTCTAGGGCCCGAATTGATGCGCGAATTGACTTCGAATCTGGACGGATTAAGAAGGAGGAGTTTGCTGAGATCATGAAGATCTGTTCCACCATTGAAGAGCTCAGACGGCAGAAATAGTGAATTTAGCTTGTCCTTCATGAAAAAATGCCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCGAAAGCAGGTACTGATCCAAAATGGAAGACTTTGTGCGACAATGCTTCAATCCGATGATCGTCGAGCTTGCGGAAAAGGCAATGAAAGAATATGGGGAAGATCCGAAAATTGAAACTAACAAGTTCGCTGCAATATGCACACACTTAGAAGTCTGTTTCATGTATTCGGATTTTCATTTCATCGACGAACGGGGTGAATCAATAATTGTAGAATCTGGTGATCCAAATGCATTACTGAAGCACCGATTTGAGATAATTGAAGGAAGAGATCGAACCATGGCCTGGACAGTGGTGAATAGTATCTGCAACACCACAGGAGTAGAGAAGCCTAAATTTCTTCCGGATCTGTATGATTACAAGGAGAACCGATTCATTGAAATTGGGGTGACACGGAGGGAGGTTCACATATACTACCTAGAAAAAGCCAACAAAATAAAATCCGAGAAGACACACATTCACATTTTCTCATTCACTGGAGAGGAAATGGCCACCAAAGCGGACTACACCCTTGATGAAGAAAGCAGGGCAAGAATCAAAACCAGGCTGTTCACCATAAGACAAGAAATGGCCAGTAGGGGTTTATGGGATTCCTTTCGTCAGTCCGAGAGAGGCGAAGAGACAATTGAAGAAAGATTTGAAATTACAGGAACCATGCGCAGGCTTGCCGACCAAAGTCTCCCACCGAACTTCTCCAGCCTTGAAAACTTTAGAGCCTATGTGGATGGATTCGAACCGAACGGCTGCATTGAGGGCAAGCTTTCTCAAATGTCAAAAGAAGTGAACGCCAGAATTGAACCATTTTTGAAGACAACACCACGCCCACTCAGATTACCTGATGGGCCTCCTTGCTCTCAGCGGTCAAAATTTCTGCTGATGGATGCTCTGAAACTAAGTATTGAGGACCCGAGTCATGAGGGGGAGGGGATACCGCTATATGATGCAATCAAATGCATGAAGACATTTTTTGGCTGGAAAGAGCCTAACATAATCAAACCACATGAGAAAGGCATAAACCCCAATTACCTCCTGGCTTGGAAGCAAGTGCTAGCAGAACTCCAAGACATTGAGAATGAAGAGAAGATCCCAAAGACAAAGAACATGAAGAAAACAAGCCAATTGAAGTGGGCACTCGGTGAAAATATGGCACCAGAGAAAGTAGACTTTGATGATTGCAAAGATGTTAGTGATCTCAAACAGTATGACAGCGATGAGCCAGAACCTAGATCGCTAGCAAGCTGGATCCAGAGTGAATTCAACAAGGCATGTGAATTGACCGATTCAAGCTGGATAGAACTTGATGAGATAGGGGAAGATGTTGCTCCGATCGAACACATTGCAAGCATGAGGAGAAACTACTTTACAGCAGAAGTGTCCCATTGCAGGGCTACTGAGTACATAATGAAAGGAGTGTACATAAATACAGCCTTGCTCAATGCATCTTGTGCAGCCATGGATGACTTCCAGCTGATCCCAATGATAAGCAAATGTAGGACCAAAGAAGGGAGACGGAAAACAAATCTGTATGGATTCATTATAAAAGGAAGGTCCCATTTGAGAAATGATACCGACGTGGTAAACTTTGTGAGTATGGAGTTTTCCCTCACAGACCCGAGACTGGAGCCACACAAATGGGAAAAGTACTGTGTTCTCGAAATAGGAGATATGCTCTTGAGGACTGCGATAGGCCAAGTGTCACGGCCCATGTTCCTATATGTGAGAACCAACGGAACCTCCAAGATCAAGATGAAATGGGGCATGGAAATGAGACGCTGCCTTCTTCAGTCTCTTCAGCAGATTGAGAGCATGATTGAGGCCGAGTCTTCCGTCAAAGAGAAAGACATGACCAAGGAATTCTTTGAAAACAAATCAGAAACATGGCCAATTGGAGAGTCACCCAAAGGAGTGGAAGAAGGCTCTATCGGGAAGGTGTGCAGAACCTTACTGGCAAAGTCTGTATTCAACAGTCTATATGCATCTCCACAACTCGAGGGGTTTTCAGCTGAATCGAGAAAATTGCTTCTCATTGTTCAGGCACTTAGGGACAACCTGGAACCTGGGACCTTCGATCTTGGGGGGCTATATGAAGCAATCGAGGAGTGCCTGATTAATGATCCCTGGGTTTTGCTTAATGCATCTTGGTTCAACTCCTTCCTCACACATGCACTGAAATAGTTGTGGCAATGCTACTATTTGCTATCCATACTGTCCAAAAAAGTACCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCAAAAGCAGGGGATAATTCTATTAATCATGAAGACCATCATTGTCCTAAGCTATCTTTTCTGTCTGGCTCTCAGCCAAGATTATTCAGGGAGCAACAACAGTACTGCAACACTGTGCTTAGGGCATCATGCGGTACCGAATGGGACAATAGTGAAGACAATTACGGATGACCAAATTGAAGTGACCAATGCCACTGAACTGGTCCAAAGCTCCTCGACAGGGAAAATATGCAACAACCCACATAGAATCCTTGATGGAAGGGACTGTACACTGATAGATGCCCTACTGGGAGACCCCCACTGTGATGTATTCCAAGATGAAACCTGGGACCTTTATGTGGAACGTAGCAGCGCCTTCAGCAACTGCTATCCATACGATGTACCAGACTATGCATCACTCAGGTCTCTAGTTGCTTCCTCAGGAACCCTAGAGTTCATCACAGAAGGATTCACATGGACAGGAGTCACTCAAAATGGAGGAAGCAATGCCTGCAAAAGAGGGCCTGCTAGTGGTTTCTTCAGCAGACTGAATTGGCTGACTAAATCTGGAAGTGCTTACCCAGTGTTGAACGTGACTATGCCAAATAATGACAACTTTGACAAACTGTATGTCTGGGGAGTTCACCACCCAAGCACAAACCAAGAGCAAACCAACCTATATGTTCAAGCGTCAGGAAGGGTAACAGTTTCAACTAGAAGGAGCCAACAAACCATAATCCCGAATATTGGATCCAGGCCTTGGGTCAGGGGCCAATCAGGAAGAATAAGCATCTACTGGACAATAGTGAAGCCGGGGGATGTACTAGTAATTAACAGTAATGGTAACCTGATCGCTCCTCGGGGGTACTTCAAAATGCGCACTGGGAAAAGCTCAATAATGAGATCAGATGCACCTATTGACACATGCATTTCTGAGTGTATCACTCCTAATGGAAGCATCCCCAATGACAAGCCCTTTCAGAATGTAAACAAGATCACCTACGGAGCATGTCCTAAGTATGTCAAACAGAGCACTCTGAAACTGGCAACAGGAATGAGGAACGTACCTGAGAAACAAACCAGGGGTCTGTTCGGTGCAATAGCAGGATTTATAGAAAATGGATGGGAAGGAATGATAGACGGCTGGTATGGTTTCAGACATCAGAACTCTGAGGGTACAGGACAAGCTGCAGACCTAAAAAGCACACAGGCAGCCATTGACCAGATCAATGGGAAATTGAACCGAGTAATCGAGAAAACAAATGAGAAGTTTCATCAGATTGAAAAGGAATTCTCAGAAGTAGAAGGAAGAATCCAGGACCTTGAGAAATATGTTGAAGACACCAAGATAGATCTATGGTCCTACAATGCAGAGCTTCTGGTGGCCTTGGAAAACCAGCACACAATTGATCTGACTGATTCTGAAATGAACAAACTATTCGAAAAGACGAGGCGGCAACTGAGGGAGAATGCTGAAGATATGGGCAACGGTTGCTTCAAAATATACCACAAATGTGACAACGCATGTATAGAGTCAATCAGGAACGGGACCTATGATCATGACATATACAGAGATGAAGCATTAAACAACCGATTTCAAATCAAGGGTGTAGAGCTAAAATCTGGGTACAAAGACTGGATCTTATGGATTTCCTTTGCCATATCATGCTTTTTGCTTTGTGTTGTTCTACTGGGGTTCATTATGTGGGCCTGCCAAAGAGGCAACATTAGGTGCAACATTTGCATTTGAGTATATTAGTAATTAAAAACACCCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCAAAAGCAGGGTAGATAATCACTCACCGAGTGACATCCACATCATGGCGTCTCAAGGCACCAAACGATCTTATGAGCAGATGGAAACTGGTGGGGAACGCCAGAATGCCACTGAAATCAGAGCATCTGTTGGGAGAATGGTTGGTGGAATTGGGAGATTCTACATACAGATGTGCACTGAACTCAAACTCAGCGACTATGAAGGGAGGCTGATCCAAAACAGCATAACAATAGAGAGAATGGTTCTCTCAGCATTTGATGAGAGGAGAAACAAATATCTGGAAGAGCATCCCAGTGCTGGGAAAGACCCTAAGAAGACTGGAGGTCCAATCTACAGGAGGAGAGATGGGAAATGGATGAGAGAATTGATCCTGTATGACAAAGAAGAGATCAGAAGGATTTGGCGTCAAGCGAATAATGGAGAAGACGCAACTGCTGGTCTCACCCATATGATGATCTGGCATTCCAATCTGAATGATGCCACATATCAGAGAACAAGGGCACTTGTGCGTACTGGGATGGATCCCAGGATGTGCTCTCTGATGCAAGGATCAACTCTCCCGAGGAGGTCTGGGGCTGCTGGAGCAGCAGTGAAAGGAGTTGGAACAATGGTGATGGAATTGATTCGGATGATCAAACGAGGGATCAATGATCGGAATTTCTGGAGAGGCGAAAATGGACGGAGGACAAGAATTGCATACGAAAGAATGTGCAACATCCTCAAAGGGAAATTCCAAACAGCAGCACAACGAGCAATGATGGACCAGGTGAGAGAAAGCCGGAATCCTGGGAATGCTGAAATTGAAGATCTCATCTTCCTTGCACGGTCTGCTCTCATTCTGAGGGGATCAGTGGCTCATAAGTCTTGCCTGCCTGCTTGTGTGTATGGACTTGCTGTGGCCAGTGGATACGACTTTGAGAGAGAGGGATACTCCCTAGTCGGAATTGATCCTTTCCGTCTGCTCCAAAACAGTCAAGTCTTCAGTCTTATCAGACCAAATGAAAATCCAGCACATAAAAGTCAACTGGTATGGATGGCATGCCATTCTGCAGCATTTGAAGATCTGAGAGTGTCAAGCTTCATCAGAGGAACAAGAGTGGTCCCAAGAGGACAACTGTCCACCAGAGGAGTTCAGATTGCTTCAAATGAGAACATGGAAACAATGGACTCCAGTACTCTTGAACTGAGGAGCAGATACTGGGCTATAAGGACCAGAAGCGGAGGGAACACTAACCAACAGAGAGCATCTGCAGGACAAATCAGCGTACAGCCCACATTCTCTGTGCAGAGAAACCTCCCATTCGAGAGAGCAACCATTATGGCGGCATTCACAGGAAACACTGAAGGCAGAACTTCAGACATGAGAACTGAGATCATAAGGATGATGGAAAATGCCAGACCTGAAGATGTGTCTTTCCAGGGGCGGGGAGTCTTCGAGCTCTCGGACGAAAAGGCAACGAACCCGATCGTGCCTTCCTTTGACATGAGTAACGAAGGATCTTATTTCTTCGGAGACAATGCAGAGGAGTATGACAATTAAAGAAAAATACCCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCAAAAGCAGGAGTTTAAAATGAATCCAAATCAGAAAATAATAACCATTGGGTCAGTATCCTTAGGATTGGTAGTCCTTAATATTCTCCTACATATAGTTAGCATTACAGTAACAGTGTTAGTTCTCCCTGGAAATGGAAATAATGGGAGTTGCAATGAAACAGTCATTAGGGAATACAATGAAACAGTAAGGATTGAGAAGGTAACACAATGGCACAATACCAATGTCATTGAGTATATAGAGAGACCAGAGAGTGATCATTTCATGAACAATACAGAAGCATTGTGTGATGCTAAGGGTTTCGCACCCTTTTCCAAAGACAACGGAATAAGAATTGGATCGAGAGGTCATGTTTTTGTCATAAGGGAACCATTTGTTTCTTGCTCGCCAACAGAGTGCAGGACGTTCTTCCTTACTCAAGGTTCCCTACTCAATGACAAACATTCTAATGGCACAGTTAAAGACCGGAGCCCCTATAGAACTCTAATGAGTGTAGAAATAGGGCAATCACCCAATGTGTACCAGGCAAGGTTTGAGGCAGTAGCGTGGTCAGCTACTGCATGTCATGATGGGAAGAAATGGATGACAATTGGAGTAACGGGCCCTGATGCCAAAGCAGTGGCAGTGGTGCATTATGGGGGAATTCCTACTGATGTAATCAATTCCTGGGCAGGAGATATTCTAAGAACTCAGGAATCATCATGCACTTGCATTCAAGGTGAATGTTTTTGGGTAATGACGGATGGACCAGCAAACAGACAAGCGCAATACAGGGCGTTCAAAGCCAAGCAGGGGAAAATAATTGGGCAAGCTGAAATCAGTTTCAATGGAGGCCATATAGAAGAATGCTCATGCTACCCCAATGAAGGTAAAGTGGAATGTGTTTGTAGGGACAACTGGACTGGAACCAACAGACCAGTGTTGGTGATTTCTCCAGATTTGTCTTACAGAGTCGGATACTTGTGTGCAGGTCTCCCCAGTGACACCCCAAGAGGAGAAGATAGTCAGTTCACGGGATCATGCACTAGCCCCATGGGAAACCAGGGGTATGGAGTTAAGGGATTTGGATTCAGGCAGGGCAATGATGTATGGATGGGAAGGACCATTAGCAGAACATCAAGATCAGGGTTTGAAATCCTGAAAGTCAGAAATGGCTGGGTACAAAACAGTAAAGAGCAGATCAAAAGGCAAGTTGTGGTCGATAACTTAAATTGGTCAGGATACAGTGGTTCTTTCACACTACCGGTGGAGTTAACAAAAAGAAATTGTCTGGTTCCATGTTTTTGGGTTGAGATGATAAGGGGGAAGCCGGAAGAAAAGACGATATGGACCTCAAGTAGCTCCATTGTGATGTGTGGAGTAGACCATGAGATTGCCGACTGGTCATGGCACGATGGAGCTATTCTTCCTTTTGACATCGATAAGATGTAATTTACGAAAAAACTCCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCAAAAGCAGGTAGATATTGAAAGATGAGTCTTCTAACCGAGGTCGAAACGTACGTTCTCTCTATCGTCCCGTCAGGCCCCCTCAAAGCCGAGATCGCGCAGAGACTTGAAGATGTCTTTGCAGGGAAGAACACCGATCTTGAGGCACTCATGGAATGGCTAAAGACAAGACCAATCCTGTCACCTCTGACTAAGGGGATTTTAGGATTTGTGTTCACGCTCACCGTGCCCAGTGAGCGAGGACTGCAGCGTAGACGCTTTGTCCAAAATGCCCTTAATGGGAATGGGGATCCAAACAACATGGACAGAGCGGTCAAACTGTACAGGAAGCTAAAAAGGGAAATAACATTCCATGGGGCAAAAGAAGTGGCACTCAGTTATTCAACTGGTGCACTTGCCAGTTGCATGGGCCTCATATACAACAGAATGGGGACTGTGACCACTGAAGTGGCATTTGGCCTGGTGTGCGCCACATGTGAGCAGATTGCTGATTCCCAGCATCGGTCTCACAGACAAATGGTGACAACAACCAACCCACTAATCAGACATGAGAACAGAATGGTACTGGCCAGTACTACGGCTAAAGCCATGGAGCAAATGGCAGGGTCAAGTGAGCAGGCAGCAGAGGCTATGGAGGTTGCTAGTCAGGCTAGACAGATGGTGCAGGCAATGAGGACCATTGGGACTCATCCTAGCTCCAGTGCTGGTCTAAAAGATGATCTTCTTGAAAATTTGCAGGCCTACCAGAAACGGATGGGAGTGCAAATGCAGCGATTCAAGTGATCCTCTCGTTATTGCCGCAAGTATCATTGGGATCTTGCACTTGATATTGTGGATTCTTGATCGTCTTTTCTTCAAATGCATTTATCGTCGCCTTAAATACGGTTTGAAAAGAGGGCCTTCTACGGAAGGAGTGCCTGAGTCTATGAGGGAAGAATATCGGCAGGAACAGCAGAGTGCTGTGGATGTTGACGATGGTCATTTTGTCAACATAGAGCTGGAGTAAAAAACTACCTTGTTTCTACT
AGCAAAAGCAGGGTGACAAATACATAATGGATTCCAACACGATAACCTCGTTTCAGGTAGATTGCTATCTATGGCACATAAGAAAGCTGCTCAGCATGAGAGACATGTGTGATGCTCCCTTTGATGATAGACTCAGGAGAGATCAAAAGGCATTAAAGGGAAGAGGCAGCACACTTGGGCTCGACCTGCGAGTGGCTACAATGGAAGGCAAAAAGATTGTTGAAGACATCCTAAAGAGTGAGACGGATGAAAATCTCAAAATTGCAATTGCATCCAGCCCTGCTCCTCGGTACATCACTGATATGAGCATAGAGGAAATAAGTAGGGAATGGTACATGCTCATGCCAAGGCAGAAAATAACAGGAGGTCTGATGGTGAAAATGGATCAGGCCATTATGGACAAGAGGATAATACTCAAAGCAAACTTCTCTGTCCTATTTGATCAACTGGAAACATTGGTCTCACTGAGGGCTTTCACAGACGATGGTGCCATTGTAGCTGAAATATCTCCCATTCCTTCTATGCCAGGACATTCTACAGAGGATGTCAAAAATGCAATTGGAATCCTCATCGGTGGACTTGAATGGAATGATAACTCAATTCGAGCGTCTGAAAATATACAGAGATTCGCTTGGGGAGTCCGTGATGAGAATGGGGGACCTCCACTCCCTCCAAAACAGAAACGCTACATGGCGAGAAGAGTTGAGTCAGAAGTTTGAAGAGATCAGATGGCTAATTGCAGAATGCAGAAACATATTAACCAAAACTGAGAACAGCTTCGAGCAGATAACGTTCTTGCAAGCATTGCAACTCTTACTTGAAGTTGAGAGTGAGATAAGGACATTTTCTTTTCAGCTTATTTAGTACTAAAAAACACCCTTGTTTCTACT