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Emerg Infect Dis. Persistence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Natural Ecosystems
Persistence of HPAI Viruses in Natural Ecosystems (Emerg Infect Dis., abstract, edited)
[Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, <cite cite="http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/7/1057.htm">Persistence of HPAI Viruses in Natural Ecosystems | CDC EID</cite>. Abstract, edited.]
Volume 16, Number 7?July 2010
Perspective
Persistence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Natural Ecosystems
Camille Lebarbenchon, Chris J. Feare, Fran?ois Renaud, Fr?d?ric Thomas, and Michel Gauthier-Clerc
Author affiliations: Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France (C. Lebarbenchon, M. Gauthier-Clerc); Institut de Recherche pour le D?veloppement, Montpellier, France (C. Lebarbenchon, F. Renaud, F. Thomas); WildWings Bird Management, Haslemere, United Kingdom (C.J. Feare); and Universit? de Montr?al, Montr?al, Qu?bec, Canada (F. Thomas)
Abstract
Understanding of ecologic factors favoring emergence and maintenance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses is limited. Although low pathogenic avian influenza viruses persist and evolve in wild populations, HPAI viruses evolve in domestic birds and cause economically serious epizootics that only occasionally infect wild populations. We propose that evolutionary ecology considerations can explain this apparent paradox. Host structure and transmission possibilities differ considerably between wild and domestic birds and are likely to be major determinants of virulence. Because viral fitness is highly dependent on host survival and dispersal in nature, virulent forms are unlikely to persist in wild populations if they kill hosts quickly or affect predation risk or migratory performance. Interhost transmission in water has evolved in low pathogenic influenza viruses in wild waterfowl populations. However, oropharyngeal shedding and transmission by aerosols appear more efficient for HPAI viruses among domestic birds.
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-----<cite cite="http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/7/1057.htm"></cite>
[Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, <cite cite="http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/7/1057.htm">Persistence of HPAI Viruses in Natural Ecosystems | CDC EID</cite>. Abstract, edited.]
Volume 16, Number 7?July 2010
Perspective
Persistence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Natural Ecosystems
Camille Lebarbenchon, Chris J. Feare, Fran?ois Renaud, Fr?d?ric Thomas, and Michel Gauthier-Clerc
Author affiliations: Centre de Recherche de la Tour du Valat, Arles, France (C. Lebarbenchon, M. Gauthier-Clerc); Institut de Recherche pour le D?veloppement, Montpellier, France (C. Lebarbenchon, F. Renaud, F. Thomas); WildWings Bird Management, Haslemere, United Kingdom (C.J. Feare); and Universit? de Montr?al, Montr?al, Qu?bec, Canada (F. Thomas)
Abstract
Understanding of ecologic factors favoring emergence and maintenance of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses is limited. Although low pathogenic avian influenza viruses persist and evolve in wild populations, HPAI viruses evolve in domestic birds and cause economically serious epizootics that only occasionally infect wild populations. We propose that evolutionary ecology considerations can explain this apparent paradox. Host structure and transmission possibilities differ considerably between wild and domestic birds and are likely to be major determinants of virulence. Because viral fitness is highly dependent on host survival and dispersal in nature, virulent forms are unlikely to persist in wild populations if they kill hosts quickly or affect predation risk or migratory performance. Interhost transmission in water has evolved in low pathogenic influenza viruses in wild waterfowl populations. However, oropharyngeal shedding and transmission by aerosols appear more efficient for HPAI viruses among domestic birds.
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-----<cite cite="http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/7/1057.htm"></cite>