snippets

[gsgs]

from emails or pubmed or such

this is being edited and updated by editing without bumping

----------------------------------

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870054
Chitosan as an adjuvant
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitosan
----------------------------
Q223R mutation greatly enhanced infectivity of HA-pseudotypes in human cells
I notice a lot of the egg passages results in Q223 mutations.
I often wondered if they happen very frequently without eggs?
---------------------------------
3-month
50 μg/d (2000 IU)
25(OH)D levels increased in the active vitamin D group from a mean
of 64.3 ± 25.4 nmol/L to 88.5 ± 23.2 nmol/L.
did not show that vitamin D3 supplementation changed circulating cytokine
levels among healthy adults.
-----------------------------------
promising practices database
http://www.cidrappractices.org/pract...cles/page/home
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20873278
------------------------------------
region 8: NW-USA
http://isds.cirg.washington.edu/dist...ver-public.png
going up ?
----------------------------------
H3N2 : 4 low reactors at GISAID, (out of ~150), no specific mutations,
no specific strain
---------------------------------
Mexico sequence from March,11 at GISAID, apparently pre-Cancun
---------------------------------


Mexico's first known swine flu case was a six-month-old baby girl in a
northern part of the country who had no known contact with pig farms,
"It's a six-month-old baby girl from San Luis Potosi who is alive" and first
showed symptoms of the new strain of the influenza A(H1N1) virus on
February 24, said Celia Alpuche of the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis
and Reference (INDRE) in Mexico City.

But studies carried out on a backlog of samples show that a first handful of
recorded cases appeared in March in central and northern Mexico, before any
showed up further south, said Alpuche.

"We have other positive samples in March from Baja California (northwest),
San Luis Potosi and Mexico City (center)," Alpuche said, referring to results
discovered around one month ago.

"It's complicated to say where it originated but the earlier samples are
not from rural areas, that's to say areas with farms (or) pigs," she added.

----------------

they may know it, but have an interest to keep it secret.
They presumably did check where those people -i.e. the baby -
may have got it from
-------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20877466
H4N6 in mallards:
Fecal samples had significantly higher virus concentrations than oropharyngeal or
cloacal swabs and 6 month old ducks shed significantly more viral RNA than 3
month old ducks regardless of sample type. Use of a water source contaminated
by AIV infected mallards, was sufficient to transmit virus to naïve mallards,
which shed AIV at higher or similar levels as orally-inoculated ducks.
-------
now try that for chicken viruses like H5N1 or H9N2
-------------------------------------------

[mixin]

From our email exchange

gs:
selected North American avian amino-acid sequences , segments 1,2,3,5,7,8
close to the bird index over long time spans

as you can see it doesn't accumulate protein differences in these even over 30 years !

first column: difference in promille,
second column: number of protein-differences
3rd column : number of amino-acids considered

1
0 0 760 15 >A/turkey/CO/118899/1972(H5N2),1972//
0 0 760 30 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/57/1976(H5N2),1976/08/12
0 0 760 111 >A/Gs/MN/5733-1/1980(H9N2),1980/01/01
0 0 760 272 >A/mallard/Ohio/424/1988(H3N2),1988//
0 0 760 806 >A/blue-winged teal/Texas/82/01(H2N1),2001//
0 0 760 1131 >A/green-winged teal/Ohio/1292/05(H4N6),2005//
0 0 756 2138 >A/blue-winged teal/Minnesota/Sg-00450/08(H4N8),2008/08/20

2
0 0 758 41 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/224/1977(H7N5),1977/08/05
0 0 758 123 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/645/1980(H5N2),1980/08/22
0 0 758 202 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/438/1985(H3N4),1985/08/20
0 0 758 355 >A/mallard/Alberta/11/1991(H9N2),1991/08/09
0 0 758 449 >A/turkey/Utah/24721-10/1995(H7N3),1995//
0 0 758 644 >A/mallard/Minnesota/192/99(H4N6),1999//
0 0 758 1110 >A/mallard/Alberta/154/03(H6N5),2003/08/03
0 0 758 2002 >A/American wigeon/Minnesota/Sg-00231/07(H4N6),2007/09/29

3*
0 0 717 501 >A/mallard/ALB/196/96(H10N7),1996/08/
0 0 717 696 >A/mallard/Minnesota/410/00(H5N2),2000//
0 0 717 1130 >A/ruddy turnstone/New Jersey/26/04(H10N7),2004//
0 0 717 2182 >A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg-00672/08(H3N8),2008/08/03
13 1 717 45 >A/canvasback Dk/ALB/274/1977(H4N6),1977/08/09
13 1 717 175 >A/mallard Dk/Tennessee/11464/1985(H1N1),1985/01/16
13 1 717 329 >A/blue-winged teal/ALB/136/1990(H4N3),1990/08/22
13 1 717 555 >A/mallard/Minnesota/95/98(H4N2),1998//

3
13 1 717 43 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/46/1977(H1N1),1977/08/08
13 1 717 90 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/106/1979(H4N2),1979/08/07
27 2 715 234 >A/green-winged teal/Ohio/466/1987(H3N8),1987//
27 2 716 12 >A/turkey/Oregon/1971(H7N3),1971//
27 2 717 39 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/42/1977(H1N6),1977/08/02
27 2 717 156 >A/redhead Dk/ALB/357/1983(H11N9),1983/08/07
27 2 717 246 >A/green-winged teal/Louisiana/213GW/1987(H1N1),1987//
27 2 717 329 >A/blue-winged teal/ALB/136/1990(H4N3),1990/08/22
27 2 717 376 >A/pintail/Alberta/129/1993(H10N7),1993/12/01
27 2 717 919 >A/ruddy turnstone/Delaware/262/02(H2N1),2002//
27 2 717 1587 >A/glaucous gull/Alaska/44199-097/06(H13N3),2006/09/25
27 2 717 1809 >A/N.shoveler/Alaska/7MP0954/07(H4N6),2007/09/06

5
0 0 499 7 >A/turkey/Canada/1963(H6N8),1963//
20 1 485 1429 >A/N.pintail/Alaska/44160-060/06(H12N5),2006/08/18
20 1 494 258 >A/mottled Dk/LA/32M/87(H6N2),1987//
20 1 495 548 >A/mallard/MN/284/98(H7N3),1998//
20 1 499 17 >A/Dk/Pennsylvania/1/1969(H6N1),1969//
20 1 499 23 >A/Dk/Memphis/928/1974(H3N8),1974//
20 1 499 71 >A/pintail Dk/ALB/303/1977(H10N7),1977/09/03
20 1 499 108 >A/pintail Dk/ALB/462/1979(H3N6),1979/08/10
20 1 499 164 >A/Dk/Washington/4954/1983(H3N8),1983//
20 1 499 267 >A/Dk/Louisiana/188D/1987(H12N5),1987//
20 1 499 382 >A/mallard/ALB/199/1992(H6N5),1992/12/01
20 1 499 483 >A/mallard/ALB/201/96(H2N3),1996/08/
20 1 499 671 >A/red knot/Delaware/1269/00(H10N7),2000//
20 1 499 1020 >A/blue-winged teal/Ohio/658/04(H7N3),2004//
20 1 499 1748 >A/N.shoveler/CA/HKWF1325/07(H8N4),2007/12/09

7
0 0 317 2096 >A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg-00170/07(H6N1),2007/09/16
0 0 322 724 >A/herring gull/Delaware/281/98(H5N8),1998//
0 0 323 549 >A/Dk/Pennsylvania/Sg-00269/1995(H2N3),1995//
0 0 324 725 >A/shorebird/Delaware/27/98(H5N8),1998//
0 0 339 314 >A/red knot/Delaware/2561/87(H10N5),1987//
0 0 344 640 >A/mallard/Alberta/226/98(H2N3),1998//
0 0 348 12 >A/Turkey/CA/189/66(H9N2),1966//
0 0 348 457 >A/Qa/Arkansas/29209-1/93(H9N2),1993//
0 0 348 1257 >A/mallard/Ohio/671/02(H4N6),2002/08/19
0 0 349 351 >A/mallard/Ohio/298/1987(H4N6),1987/10/19
0 0 350 159 >A/domestic Dk/MN/1086/1980(H4N8),1980/09/29
0 0 350 197 >A/pintail Dk/NY/155/1982(H4N3),1982/12/01
0 0 350 357 >A/mallard/Alberta/321/88(H9N2),1988//
0 0 351 4 >A/turkey/Canada/1963(H6N8),1963//
0 0 351 16 >A/Turkey/Oregon/71(H7N3NSB),1971//
0 0 351 24 >A/blue Gs/WI/711/1975(H5N2),1975//
0 0 351 26 >A/Canada Gs/Wisconsin/902/1975(H5N2),1975//
0 0 351 36 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/25/1976(H3N1),1976/08/11
0 0 351 178 >A/turkey/Minnesota/1598/1981(H5N2),1981/11/06

8
0 0 320 398 >A/mallard/Alberta/11/91(H9N2),1991//
0 0 331 666 >A/mallard/Alberta/111/99(H4N6),1999//
0 0 353 31 >A/mallard/Wisconsin/34/1975(H5N6),1975//
0 0 353 62 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/46/1977(H1N1),1977/08/08
0 0 353 126 >A/pintail Dk/ALB/599/1979(H4N2),1979/08/11
0 0 353 203 >A/mallard Dk/ALB/797/1983(H11N3),1983/08/23
0 0 353 292 >A/Dk/Ohio/421/87(H7N8NS1),1987//
0 0 353 529 >A/Ck/New Jersey/15906-9/96(H11N1),1996//
0 0 353 1176 >A/American black Dk/North Carolina/675-075/04(H3N2),2004//
0 0 353 1948 >A/green winged teal/CA/AKS1305/08(H11N9),2008/01/26

mixin:
So, because it's a bird disease, it needs to stay close to the origin to insure survival? But it's more free to mutate in humans?

gs:
I think it's because the index is optimized for waterborne transmission

mixin:
What is this 4th number: 15>A/turkey,,,

gs:
enumeration in my list



gs:
Sharon could post something there
like : let's merge the forums
or such

mixin:
you could suggest it in the Hopes and Dreams thread

-----------------------------------------------


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20886705
70% of the primary materials from the deceased patients were found to have pandemic influenza A(H1N1) v mutants in the lung tissue with D222G (15%), D222N (15%), D222E (2%) substitutions, as well as a mixture of mutants (38%).

Further spread of the mutants that have acquired a high virulence and preserved their capacity for the respiratory route of human infection may lead to the situation similar to that seen in the 1918-1919 pandemic

------------------------------------------------------------------


four new (1-4) and 10 known (5-14) C-methylated flavonoids were isolated from a methanol extract of Cleistocalyx operculatus buds using an influenza H1N1 neuraminidase inhibition assay. Compounds 4, 7, 8, and 14, with a chalcone skeleton, showed significant inhibitory effects on the viral neuraminidases from two influenza viral strains, H1N1 and H9N2

------------------------------------------------------------------------


Secondary attack rate for ****** = 45% in Quebec City
The mean serial interval between onset of primary and confirmed secondary
cases was 3.9 days
ILI developed in 29% of household contacts

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887206


---------------------------------------------------------------------------


Of the 36,636 subjects recruited, 7292 received both PPV and TIV, 2076 received TIV vaccine alone, 1875 received PPV alone, and 25,393 were unvaccinated


dual‐vaccinees experienced
fewer deaths (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65;
fewer cases of pneumonia (HR, 0.57;
fewer ischemic strokes (HR, 0.67
fewer acute myocardial infarction (HR, 0.52;
fewer coronary admissions (HR, 0.59
fewer intensive care admissions (HR, 0.45

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887208

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


n=773 vaxed against newflu
~6 weeks after vaccination, 12 developed the disease

Two weeks after infection, vaccinated and unvaccinated patients had similar neutralizing antibody levels as the vaccinated control subjects

Thereafter, the neutralizing antibody levels decreased markedly in vaccinated patients.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887209


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

On episode #101 of the podcast This Week in Virology, Vincent, Alan, Rich,
Dickson,
and Hamish review the three-dimensional structure of adenovirus, and the
role of
adenovirus type 36 in obesity.

_http://www.virology.ws/_ (http://www.virology.ws/)


--------------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

cancer-thread, see also here:
http://thisbluemarble.com/showthread.php?t=31353

air-filters for cars, are they good for filtering viruses, air-cleaners ?
ventilators,
http://www.google.com/images?hl=en&q...og&sa=N&tab=wi

222G: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946414

The efficacy of oral oseltamivir against symptomatic influenza was 76% (at 75 mg daily),
and 73% (at 150 mg daily).
Inhaled zanamivir 10 mg daily performed similarly.
Neither NI had a significant effect on asymptomatic influenza.
Oseltamivir induced nausea (odds ratio (OR) 1.79, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.93).
Oseltamivir for post-exposure prophylaxis had an efficacy of 58% and 84% in two trials for households. Zanamivir performed similarly.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20945587

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20943331
80% lethal in muscovi-ducks
but 0-100% in mallards depending on the strain

Our findings suggest a possible role of aerosol transmission of influenza in an acute ward setting. Source and engineering controls, such as avoiding aerosol generation and improving ventilation design, may warrant consideration to prevent nosocomial outbreaks.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20942655

Viral hemagglutinin is involved in promoting the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus into human pneumocytes during influenza A H1N1 virus infection.

Conclusion: PHFGS can prevent influenza Pihui Fanggan Sachet

Glycan Shielding of the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Contributes to Immunopathology in Mice.

Qingdao were analyzed. Among the 3492 viruses, 101 carried a serine to proline substitution at position 128 (S128P) in the viral HA gene
the prevalence of the S128P mutant was 33.56% (99/295) in a region of Eurasia including Russia, Mongolia, mainland China and South Korea, but only 0.11% (2/1846) in the rest of the world

Erythrina addisoniae.

Influenza A virus strains that circulate in humans differ in the ability of their NS1 proteins to block the activation of IRF3 and interferon-β transcription.

Evidence of intercontinental transfer of North American lineage avian influenza virus into Korea.

Sporadic human cases of swine-origin influenza before 2009 share the Sa epitope.

Glycine 184 in the non-structural protein NS1 determines virulence of influenza A

Qinghai-lake: Most of the high-risk species were from the family Anatidae,
order Anseriformes (9/14 in spring, 11/15 in fall).
Anatidae accounted for over 39% and over 91% of the total risk at spring and fall migration periods, respectively

pubmed articles are badly formulated, not informative, IMO
you have to read much to get some insight/understanding
no good summaries and headlines

---------------------------------------

there were papers early this year and I remember a formula (Kohn,Shaman
transmission(temperature,absolute humidity)
and I remember the charts with the Palese guinea pigs
cold and dry and low UV --> tranmits,survives well


> Don't confuse me.. I think Namru had an insertion, not a deletion.
maybe, I'll have to check
> but it's probably the same for either one?
what was earlier ?
> So if I look at the nucleotides and there is either an extra codon or a missing one,
> then it's not an error.
probably
> For H5N1, is it just the amino acid position x 3 to find the nucleotides?
in our enumeration : yes
> When I get a nucleotide number like 355, is there an easy to tell if it's
> in position 1,2 or 3 in the codon?
you have to align first - or use mutatm, then see the rest when divided by 3


The number of colds in children increases before the arrival of a flu. According to a study published in the Inserm Weekly Epidemiological Bulletin (BEH), there would be "a period of about one week between the early outbreaks of nasopharyngitis and the ILI.
During three winter seasons, from 2005 to 2008, "we observed synchronization between elevated impact nasopharyngitis in children and the arrival of an episode of epidemic influenza," the researchers said. On three consecutive seasons, "the rise of incidence of nasopharyngitis preceded the arrival of the epidemic of influenza with a period of between 4 and 10 days," they said. Children could play a role of "triggers epidemics", the scientists suggest. Moreover, part of nasopharyngitis diagnosed in children may actually be cases of flu.
The researchers determined that the data collected by the observatory Hivern @ the-KhiObs, whose objective is to disseminate information on these conditions, would contribute to already existing detection systems, such as that the Sentinel network on influenza. In sum, children with colds, flu nearby!

----------------------------------------

death-statistics
http://magictour.free.fr/dea4.GIF

----------------------------------------


-------------------------
15 suspected GBS cases after vaccination
with 6M doses of Pandemrix --> 2.5 cases of GBS per M vaxed

USA: ~60M infected and ~12000 deaths --> ~200 deaths per M infected

Europe: 32M vaxed(Pandemrix), 38 cases of GBS --> 1.2 cases of GBS per M vaxed
http://my.opera.com/SavedNotFried/blog/show.dml/6685041

-----------------------------------
http://magictour.free.fr/panflu/qht4.GIF
----------------------------------
PB2 Residue 158 is a Pathogenic Determinant of Pandemic-H1N1 and H5 Influenza A Viruses in Mice.
PB2 residue 271 plays a key role in enhanced polymerase activity in mammalian host cells

PB2-E158G , travel1 mxpb2
A/Auckland/1/2009

more preferentially used codons of 09H1N1 are A-ended or U-ended

Systemic influenza virus H5N1 infection in cats after gastrointestinal exposure.

Conclusions  Chickens, turkeys and Pekin ducks are not susceptible to infection with
dogflu by simulated respiratory exposure

Equine influenza - surveillance and control.

Historical thoughts on influenza viral ecosystems, or behold a pale horse, dead dogs, failing fowl,
and sick swine. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK.

The gastrointestinal manifestations with swine influenza (H1N1) in hospitalized adults.

Gene expression signature-based screening identifies new broadly effective influenza a antivirals.

The overall age-standardized proportion of people with seroprotective antibody levels was 46%
British Columbia, U-shaped

infecting sparrows and starlings with H3N8 --> little shedding

Emergence of amantadine-resistant avian influenza H5N1 virus in India.

98.Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H7N1) Transmission Between Wild Ducks and Domestic Ducks.

A computational framework for influenza antigenic cartography.

------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

in British adults each 10 nmol/l increase in 25(OH)D {vitamin D} was associated
with a 7 % lower risk of infection
-------------------------------------------------------------------
The highest quality cluster-RCTs suggest respiratory virus spread can be prevented by hygienic measures, such as handwashing, especially around younger children. Benefit from reduced transmission from children to household members is broadly supported also in other study designs where the potential for confounding is greater. Nine case-control studies suggested implementing transmission barriers, isolation and hygienic measures are effective at containing respiratory virus epidemics. Surgical masks or N95 respirators were the most consistent and comprehensive supportive measures. N95 respirators were non-inferior to simple surgical masks but more expensive, uncomfortable and irritating to skin. Adding virucidals or antiseptics to normal handwashing to decrease respiratory disease transmission remains uncertain. Global measures, such as screening at entry ports, led to a non-significant marginal delay in spread. There was limited evidence that social distancing was effective, especially if related to the risk of exposure.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amino acid residues 253 and 591 of the PB2 protein of avian influenza virus A H9N2 contributes to mammalian pathogenesis.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Results suggested that infection risk can be reduced by not recirculating air {in cars}; however,
estimated risk ranged from 59% to 99·9% for a 90-min trip when air was recirculated in the newer vehicle
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of pandemic H1N1/09 influenza virus from swine in Jiangsu province of China.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
We found higher mean virus titer and longer median infectious period for LPAI-infected ducks (10-11.5 days in oral and cloacal swabs) than HPAI-infected ducks (5 days) and geese (7.5 days)
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Portuguese National Mortality Database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística (National Statistics Institute in Portugal).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...6/?tool=pubmed
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disease scenarios with case fatality rates (mild, moderate and severe) as 0.06%, 0.18% and 0.35%.
clinical attack rate of 35%
reduce UK-GDP by 0.3% (£3.5bn), 0.4% (£5bn) and 0.6% (£7.4bn)
school closure 1.1% (£14.7bn), 1.3% (£16.3bn) and 1.4% (£18.5bn)
most severe : 2.9% (£37.4bn), 3.2% (£41.4bn) and 3.7% (£47.5bn) loss to GDP
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21708419
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In some cases, influenza and rhinovirus RNA can be detected on aircraft air filters, even ten days after the filters were removed from aircraft.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Efficacy of inactivating viruses by photocatalytically reacting nonwoven titanium dioxide fabric].
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In China, domestic ducks and wild birds often share the same water, in which influenza viruses replicate preferentially. Isolation of 2 novel reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N5) viruses from apparently healthy domestic ducks highlights the role of these ducks as reassortment vessels. Such new subtypes of influenza viruses may pose a pandemic threat.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21749770
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A total of 24,712 swab samples were collected from migratory and resident wild birds. Reverse transcription PCR showed a 0.7% HPAI (H5N1) prevalence. The highest prevalence was observed during January-February 2004 and March-June 2004, predominantly in central Thailand
Transmission efficiency among poultry flocks was 1.7 X higher in regions with infected wild birds in the given or preceding month. The joint presence of wild birds and poultry is associated with increased spread among poultry flocks.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We found that a mutation at amino acid position 90 in the H5N1 HA, outside the receptor-binding domain (RBD), could simultaneously induce changes in the RBD conformation to escape from nAb binding and alter the receptor preference through long-range regulation. This mutation was deemed a "key event" for interspecies transmission. It is likely a result of positive selection caused by antibodies, allowing the original invasion by new species-specific variants. A mutation at amino acid position 160 in the RBD only induced a change in receptor preference. This mutation was deemed a "maintaining adaptation",
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Among the patients with H1N1 virus infection, 82.1% (55/67) patients presented with fever symptom, while more patients with high fever (≥ 39°C) were found in seasonal influenza patients (P < 0.05). For the H1N1 patients, the median interval between the symptom onset and the undetectable RNA was six days (4 - 10 days). But viral shedding was still found in 31.3% patients after 7 days following illness onset. The median interval between disappearance of fever and an undetectable viral RNA level was three days (2 - 8 days), and 17.9% patients were found to be viral shedding 6 days later after normalization of body temperature. For the seasonal influenza patients, 94.6% patients were detected out viral RNA within 7 days. The median interval of seasonal influenza between the symptom onset and the undetectable RNA was four days (3 - 8 days). The median interval between disappearance of fever and an undetectable viral RNA level was three days (2 - 6 days).
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752202
dihydro-alkyloxy-benzyl-oxopyrimidine (DABO)
4a3 was the most promising lead with broad activity against influenza
---------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

to make it clickable

62858

Evidence for limited exchange of avian influenza viruses between seaducks and dabbling ducks at Alaska Peninsula coastal lagoons.
GM-CSF and Influenza: Will Saving Mice Help Humans?
Excess Winter Mortality in France: Influence of Temperature, Influenza Like Illness, and Residential Care Status.
Evolutionary dynamics of influenza A nucleoprotein (NP) lineages revealed by large-scale sequence analyses.
Defective interfering influenza virus confers only short-lived protection against influenza virus disease: Evidence for a role for adaptive immunity in DI virus-mediated protection in vivo.
Effectiveness of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine against Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus, Australia, 2010.
Evolution of influenza viral neuraminidase (NA) revealed by large-scale sequence analysis.
Transmissibility of pandemic H1N1 and genetically related swine influenza viruses in ferrets.
Influenza virus surveillance in migratory ducks and sentinel ducks at Poyang Lake, China.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
62875

Netherlands May 2009 - May 2010 19/1100 had H275Y
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767571

household quarantine was the most effective control measure, while school closure
and household quarantine implemented together achieved the greatest benefit.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21767379

--------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21775293
the longer the days (-->equator) the higher the mortality in 1918f

62881
-------------------------------------
62912
Quantity, not quality, of antibody response decreased in the elderly.
Limited efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly individuals is associated with decreased production of vaccine-specific antibodies.
combinations of baicalein and ribavirin provide better protection against influenza infection than each compound used alone
In severe pdmH1N1, viremia was common and the D222G/N mutant was found in half of the viremic patients.
Triazavirin was efficient in protection of the animals from death. Its protective therapeutic efficacy (36.7+/-1.7%) was close to that of Oseltamivir (50.0+/-0.0%), comparable with that of Remantadin (38.3+/-1.7%) and higher than that of Arbidol (11.7+/-1.7%).
H1N1-related hospitalization was significantly higher among American Indians (risk ratio [RR]=2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.2, 3.2), Blacks (RR=1.7; 95% CI=1.2, 2.4), and Hispanics (RR=1.8; 95% CI=1.5, 2.0) than it was among non-Hispanic Whites
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
63022
Reassortment Events Among Swine Influenza A Viruses in China: Implications for the Origin of the 2009 Influenza Pandemic.
Despite frequent reassortment events between TR and EA lineage viruses in China, evidence for the genesis of the 2009 pandemic virus in pigs in this region is still absent.
waterfowl captured in Minnesota and South Dakota. We screened a total of 7260 cloacal samples from waterfowl for MP and H5 PCR and found 148 H5.Inoculating 71 of these embryonated chicken eggs,
25 gave H5 AIV.



http://www.plosone.org/article/info%...l.pone.0019932
Vaccine Effectiveness in Germany 2009 :
<14years: 79% and 87%
>14years: 70% and 74%

We found that the clinical attack rate in 1889 was relatively high and constant between the ages of 1 and 60 years, but was lower outside of the extremes of this age range. By contrast, age-specific influenza-related mortality rates were J-shaped and increased with age beyond 20 years. We conclude that the age-specific attack rates of the 1889 pandemic were most similar to those of the 1968 pandemic and that influenza-related mortality rates did not follow a W-shaped curve as was observed during the 1918 pandemic.

[in Britain] Russian influenza had taken the form of three, and possibly four, distinct waves of infection,
with the second wave in the spring of 1891 proving more lethal than the first wave, and the third wave
in the winter of 1892 proving almost as lethal again.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

a large Open Reading Frame (ORF), segment 8 , humans.
[29] [30].
167 aa
144-293
NEG8 ORF is shown as a solid red arrow; the 168-216 region of the 216 codon NEG8 ORF is shown as a dashed red arrow.

793-293 backwards = 167*3
293-144 backwards =

529-864=NEP
27-738=NS1
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...2/?tool=pubmed

TAG stop codon of the NEG8 ORF into TAT,

216 codon NEG8 ORF (Figure ​(Figure3).3). Of 1739 true human after 1950, 1677 have >= 216

[gsgs]

63135
A/Wenshan/01/2009 H1N1 induces apoptotic cell death in human airway epithelial cells.
RGLFGAIAGFIE(HA,344), YNAELLV(HA,438),AIAGFIE(HA,349) ,
RTQSEC(NA,?),EECSYP(NA,?) which on reveres translation
provided siRNA sequences as potential therapeutic candidates
http://www.bioinformation.net/006/97320630006340.pdf
Patchouli Alcohol
lower antibody response to Mx if previous seasonal vax.(Korea) , original antigenic sin
N385(6),V407(6),D225E(4),A189T(4),P300S(4) in 1/10 HIV patients
risk for H5N1 in Indo:elevation", "human population density" and "rice cropping" ,"human settlements" and "road length", but not: domestic backyard ducks
1169 PCR confirmed flu-hospitalizations in Oz,2010: 24% of H1N1/09 cases, 43% of seasonal
and 54% of controls were vaxed
allele A NS1 proteins of H6N8 and H4N6 are significantly better in preventing dsRNA induced
NF-kappaB promoter activation compared to allele B
It is now clear that wild birds may be responsible for primary introduction in a previously free area. To date it is still unclear whether HPAI infection may be maintained in wild bird populations for extended periods of time
An equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) vectored H1 vaccine protects against challenge with swine-origin influenza virus H1N1.
we observed sequence variations between sequential samples from the same person and also within the same household
Aprotinin and similar protease inhibitors as drugs against influenza.
seropositiv Mex.swine workers: unexposed and exposed
28%,19% to A/NewCaledonia/20/99(1N1)
68%,34% to A/Panama/2001/99(H3N2)
2% and 13% to A/Sw/England/163266/87(H3N2)
0% and 3% to A/Sw/Wisconsin/238/97(H1N1)
---------------------------------------

[Anne]

hello gsgs :
thank you. this one is very good.It seems like " kawaoka and coll " paper :-)
http://jmcb.oxfordjournals.org/content/3/4/221.full

[gsgs]

apparantly the sequence A/Wenshan/01/2009 is not available.
Is(was) it widespread ?
several others from Shandong-Wenshan are availabe
------------------------------------------------------------#
63204
The household transmissions vary almost linearly with the household size
4% of transmissions would occur on the subway(NY)
-----------------------------
Characterization of Influenza A Outbreaks in Minnesota Swine Herds and Measures Taken to Reduce the Risk of Zoonotic Transmission.
-----------------------------
Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Outbreak in a Cat Colony in Italy.
==================================================--
there are characteristics of communities that drive influenza transmission dynamics apart from individual and household level risk factors, and that such factors have effects independent of strain
--------------------------------------------
different lineages obtained through a 13-y surveillance program in southern China
respiratory-droplet transmissibility (albeit inefficient) in ferrets only in the TRsw- A/Sw/HK/915/04
{also in Mx ? use this to identify possible new pandemic candidates}
-----------------------------------------------
63223
1-5 cups/day of green tea may prevent influenza infection in children
---------------------------------------------------
63390
Anti-influenza virus activity of tricin, 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone.
ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), microwave-generated steam, and moist heat
were all effective to decontaminate N95 masks (3M models 1860s and 1870)
Antiviral activity of the MEK-inhibitor U0126 against pandemic H1N1v and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo.
Differential Contribution of PB1-F2 to the Virulence of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza A Virus in Mammalian and Avian Species.
Outbreak of swine influenza in Argentina reveals a noncontemporary human H3N2 virus highly transmissible among pigs.
Reversion of PB2 627E to 627K during replication of an H5N1 clade 2.2 virus in mammalian hosts depends on origin of the nucleoprotein.
Novel reassortment of Eurasian Avian-like and pandemic/2009 influenza viruses in swine: infectious potential to humans.
Altered Pathogenicity for Seasonal Influenza Virus by Single Reassortment of the RNP Genes Derived From the 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus.
--------------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

In contrast to other mammalian hosts (mice, ferrets, and macaques) where infection with the 1918/rec virus was lethal, the pigs did not develop severe respiratory distress or become moribund
the 1918 pandemic influenza virus was able to infect and replicate in swine, causing a respiratory disease, and that the virus was likely introduced into the pig population during the 1918 pandemic, resulting in the current lineage of the classical H1N1 swine influenza viruses.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19224986

-------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21900876
Swine-Origin (H3N2) Infection in 2 Children --- Indiana and Pennsylvania, July--August 2011.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21880744
The M segment of the 2009 new pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is critical for its high transmission efficiency in the guinea pig model.

Cross-protective immunity to influenza pH1N1 2009 viruses induced by seasonal A(H3N2)
virus is mediated by virus-specific T cells.

Virulence and genetic compatibility of polymerase reassortant viruses derived from the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and circulating influenza A viruses.
reassortment between the pandemic A/California/04/09 (CA04, H1N1) and current human and animal influenza viruses produced variants possessing a broad spectrum of pathogenicity in the mouse model.
Although most polymerase reassortants had attenuated pathogenicity (including those containing seasonal human H3N2 and high-pathogenicity H5N1 virus segments) compared to that of the parental CA04 (H1N1) virus, some recombinants had significantly enhanced virulence. Unexpectedly, one of the five highly virulent reassortants contained a A/Swine/Korea/JNS06/04(H3N2)-like PB2 gene with no known virulence factors

Modifications in the polymerase genes of a swine-like triple-reassortant influenza virus to generate live attenuated vaccines against 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses.
modified A/turkey/OH/313053/04 (H3N2) (ty/04), (LAIV). this vaccine is highly attenuated in mice
A single immunization with the ty/04 att-based vaccines conferred complete protection against a lethal H1N1pdm virus infection in mice

Immunity to pre-1950 H1N1 influenza viruses confers cross-protection against the pandemic swine-origin 2009 A (H1N1) influenza virus.

Alternative live-attenuated influenza vaccines based on modifications in the polymerase genes protect against epidemic and pandemic flu.

Prime-boost immunization with HA/C3d DNA followed by a recombinant pseudorabies virus boost enhanced protective immunity against H3N2 swine influenza virus in mice.


-----------------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

63764
Characterisation of a highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.2 influenza virus isolated from swans in Shanghai, China.
-------------------------------------
Avian influenza. Warning of H5N1 resurgence surprises community.
--------------------------------------
Temporal dynamics of host molecular responses differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection.
------------------------------------------
A molecular and antigenic survey of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates from smallholder duck farms in Central Java, Indonesia during 2007-2008.
--------------------------------------------
Multiple Reassortment between Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Endemic Influenza Viruses in Pigs, United States.
------------------------------------------------
During an epidemiologic investigation of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in May 2009 in Osaka, Japan, we found 3 clusters in which virus transmission occurred during the presymptomatic phase.
-----------------------------------------------------
Influenza A facilitates sensitization to house dust mite in infant mice leading to an asthma phenotype in adulthood.
------------------------------------------------
The M segment of the 2009 new pandemic H1N1 influenza virus is critical for its high transmission efficiency in the guinea pig model.
------------------------------------------------
Specifically, we suggest that infection with a novel virus strain, in people previously exposed to influenza viruses, can elicit a memory B cell response against conserved hemagglutinin stalk epitopes and/or neuraminidase epitopes. The anti-stalk and/or anti-neuraminidase antibodies then act to diminish the clinical severity of disease caused by novel influenza viruses and to eliminate seasonal virus strains.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...0/?tool=pubmed
.-------------------------------------------
63631
---------------------------------------
By examining in vitro polymerase activities and in vivo pathogenicities in mice model, we were able to show that individual or simultaneous expression of virulence factors in PB2, PB1, and PA might not significantly elevate pathogenicity. Nevertheless, we demonstrated that PB2 627K or PA 97I derived from different genetic backgrounds and other unknown polymerase markers have the potential to enhance virulence of CA04. Virus rescue and replication studies identified PA as a critical factor in maintaining genetic stability of the CA04 (H1N1) virus.
--------------------------------------------------------
Distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza A virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigs.
--------------------------------------------------------
Using several in vitro models of virus replication, we observed increased replication for a reassortant CA/09 virus expressing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of HK/483 (CA/09-483HA) relative to either parental CA/09 virus or reassortant CA/09 expressing other HK/483 genes. This increased replication correlated with enhanced pathogenicity in infected mice similar to the parental HK/483 strain. Serial passage of the CA/09 parental virus and the CA/09-483HA virus through primary human lung epithelial cells resulted in increased pathogenicity, suggesting that these viruses may easily adapt to humans and become more virulent. In contrast, serial passage attenuated the parental HK/483 virus in vitro, and resulted in slightly reduced morbidity in vivo, suggesting that sustained replication in humans may attenuate H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Together, these data suggest that reassortment between co-circulating human pH1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza strains may result in a virus with the potential for increased pathogenicity in mammals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21917948
---------------------------------------------------------------
Towards universal influenza vaccines?
.................................................. ..............
Multiple Reassortment between Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and Endemic Influenza Viruses in Pigs, United States.
---------------------------------------------------------
Weather conditions coinciding with peak human H5N1 incidence in Egypt suggest that human infection may be occurring primarily via droplet transmission from close contact with infected poultry
-----------------------------------------------------------
there may have been an early epidemic in Mexico City as well as in all of Mexico during February/March.
t the early epidemic in Mexico City in February/March had been more transmissible (larger R(0)) and peaked earlier than the rest of the country
could have already spread to other continents prior to the identification
------------------------------------------------------------
significant variations exist, even between closely related avian species,
------------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21730147
H9N2 avian influenza viruses and pH1N1 viruses, both of which have occasionally infected pigs, have the potential to reassort and generate novel viruses with respiratory transmission potential in mammals.
------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21668659
6 reassortants in swine on a Vietnam swine farm: HA and NA from human H3N2 (2004-2006)
rest from triple-swine
--------------------------------------------------------------
Reverse genetic analysis showed that a mutation at residue 82, 141, or 189 of the HA protein
promotes virus replication in the presence of the NA H274Y mutation. (old seasonal H1N1)
----------------------------------------------------------------
(N125D and N156K) or (N125D and E374K) --> vaccine escape (******)
--------------------------------------------------------------
13 1918 autopsy cases G222 (summer) --> D222 (fall)
no genetic difference summer,fall
-------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22432020
Adenovirus vax afgainst flu
------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22426381
not enough capacity ? but it can be increased ? that's what
they told us in 2006, why we need cell-based.
-------------------------------

[gsgs]

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/518516_2

Shedding in highly immunocompromised persons may last weeks to months.
Compared with adults, children can shed virus earlier before illness begins and for longer
periods once illness starts
In 1 report, at least 4 illnesses (8% of the total) in children were associated with
presymptomatic shedding that began6, 4, 3, and 3 days, respectively, before illness onset.[5]

The median duration of virus detection is typically 7−8 days after illness onset, but shedding
for up to 21 days has been recorded.

In 1 study, virus was shed by 10% of children on days 8−11, by 5% on days 12−15,
and by 0% on days 16−19.[6]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...4/?tool=pubmed
The proportion of transmission by asymptomatic individuals, defined as Theta (Τ) in transmission
models, is assumed to be one-third to one-half that of influenza-infected symptomatic individuals.2,8,9

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888808
During an epidemiologic investigation of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 virus infection
in May 2009 in Osaka, Japan, we found 3 clusters in which virus transmission occurred
during the presymptomatic phase.

Possible healthcare-associated pH1N1 transmission was identified in 9 (14%) of 63 exposed HCP;
6 (67%) of 9 seropositive HCP had asymptomatic infection.

T-cell immune responses and asymptomatic H5N1 influenza infection.
Epstein S.

NY,May,2009:
79 household contacts in 28 households, 19% had serologically confirmed pH1N1 infection,
28% of those infected were asymptomatic. Serologically confirmed infection
by age of contacts: <10y:36%, 10-18y: 46%,19-54y: 8%, >55y:22%

very low probability of asymptomatic infection in 1918
high frequency of prior immunity due to the spring wave (or perhaps to cross-reactive immunity)

Apr2008-Aug2009, Thailand,991(16·5%) of 5995 pediatric ILI patients tested positive.
442 index children with 1147 household members, 221<6y.
397(89·8%)index patient slept in the parents' bedroom.
2ndary attack rate = 21·5%, 56/345(16·3%) 2ndary cases were asymptomatic.

Berlin:84 households with 82, 69 and 67 contacts,2009/10-2010/11
2ndary AR =16% (35/218). facemasks and hand hygiene effective

The lack of age-pattern in seropositivity is unexpected, perhaps highlighting the
importance of children as asymptomatic transmitters of influenza in households

Boarding school,pH1N1, n=1570,infection rate=32%,attack rate=22.2%,
asymptomatic infection rate=9.9% Sharing a classroom OR=2.17 dormitory space OR=2.32
Opening windows did help

9.4% asymptomatic in Quebec
------------------------------------------
.in Portugal flu gave 247/M all-cause excess deaths
3-6 fold higher for A(H3N2) vs.H1N1/B.
1980–2004
all cause excess deaths = 2475 rate=26/100000 , 3% of total deaths Oct-May
cerebrovascular:3.2%
ischemic heart disease:2.0%
-----------------------------------------
Influenza virus infection triggers a cytokine cascade that aggravates ischemic brain
damage and increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator treatment.
----------------------------------------
To our knowledge, there are no reports of asymptomatic infections with influenza A/H1N1 in
immunosuppressed patients. We present the first case of a young heart transplant recipient
who remained asymptomatic despite positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after exposure
to individuals with influenza A/H1N1.
-----------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335831
acute phase proteins (APP) plasma C-reactive protein , serum amyloid A (SAA)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
influenza A infection led to a dramatic increase in gene expression, particularly of TLRs,
C-type lectin receptors, several complement components, as well as FcεR1.
Vaccination induced a prominent APR with increased WBC, elevated blood
levels of SAA and fibrinogen, and decreased serum iron concentrations
-----------------------------------------

Antiviral effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) tea http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22453134
Capture of influenza viruses and prevention of their infection by coral mineral powder (sango mineral powder).
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22451428
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of a green tea solution as a hand-wash disinfectant.
Protective effect of ginseng polysaccharides on influenza viral infection.
Antiviral effect of the egg wax of Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae).
novel compound with antiviral activity depending on PA subunit of viral RNA polymerase.
-----------------------------------------------
Moderate influenza vaccine effectiveness in Victoria, Australia, 2011.
--------------------------------------------------
IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza.
IFITM3 Inhibits Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing Cytosolic Entry
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...8/?tool=pubmed
--------------------------------------------------
Detection of influenza A virus based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer from quantum
dots to carbon nanotubes.
--------------------------------------------------------------
We have demonstrated, using Segminator II, that it is possible to distinguish platform specific
error from biological variation using data derived from two different platforms
----------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20832494
69000 hospitalizations,USA-CA.
flu-vax gave ~10% fewer hospitalizationd for P+I but no significant effect on hospitalizations
for ischemic heart disease (IHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), or trauma.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20887208
n=36636,pneumovax+fluvax ->35% (or 65%?)fewer deaths from all causes, 43% from pneumonia,
33% ischemic stroke,48% from acute myocardial infarction. 41% fewer coronary admissions
55% fewer intensive care submissions
------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22470518
association between periods of low dew point temperature and above normal pneumonia and
influenza mortality 17 days later in New York
------------------------------------------
Influenza cases increased significantly with minimal temperatures and high visibility.
in Niamey, Niger , 2009/10
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...286.x/abstract
-----------------------------------
EPs® 7630 (Umckaloabo®), an extract from Pelargonium sidoides roots,
exerts anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo.
------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22026455
Our results do not support the hypothesis that high doses of vitamin D supplementation
will have a pronounced effect on influenza-like disease in populations not targeted for
high influenza risk.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
unlikely that seasonal variations in vitamin D levels principally determine the seasonality
of influenza in temperate regions.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...8/?tool=pubmed
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...4/?tool=pubmed
Concentrations of 38 ng/ml or more were associated with a significant (p<0.0001)
two-fold reduction in the risk of developing acute respiratory tract infections
.................................................. ........................................
http://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1...497-5/fulltext
In temperate latitudes even pandemic influenzas often show a clear seasonality.
The data support the hypothesis that high fluences of UVB radiation (vitamin D level),
as occur in the summer, act in a protective manner with respect to influenza.
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22333084
association between climate factors and the seasonality of influenza A was complicated
The effect of the factors including mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and
absolute humidity on the seasonality of influenza A were similar
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Our results also indicate that, like in the case for influenza A virus, transmission of influenza B
viruses is enhanced at colder temperatures, providing an explanation for the seasonality of
influenza epidemics in temperate climates.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
When a weather-dependent ILI factor is included in the model, the epidemic size of influenza-like
illness becomes dependent not only on the susceptibility of the population at the beginning of the
epidemic season but also on the weather conditions during which the epidemic unfolds.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
With the occurrence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, we observed a change in the seasonality
of influenza activity in Hong Kong with a seemingly corresponding change in the activity of respiratory
syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus during 2009-2011. This phenomenon could most
likely be explained by virus interference.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variations in mortality were also related to extreme temperatures: cold winters periods and hot
summers periods were associated with excess mortality in Denmark
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza in Thailand annually presents two peaks, a major peak during the rainy season
(June-August) and a minor peak in winter (October-February)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Peak influenza activity was observed from June to August in Delhi, Pune, and Kolkata
and October to December in Chennai. Maximum influenza activity was seen during the
rains in Delhi, Pune, Chennai, and Kolkata in correlation with virus isolations.
Year-round limited influenza activity with peaks during rains was observed
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Higher levels of PM(10) and NO(2), which are typically markers of traffic related pollution,
seem to be associated with transiently increased risk of myocardial infarction 1-6 hours
after exposure, but later reductions in risk suggest that air pollution may be associated
with bringing events forward in time ("short-term displacement") rather than increasing
overall risk. The well established effect of air pollution on cardiorespiratory mortality may
not be mediated through increasing the acute risk of myocardial infarction, but through
another mechanism.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
absolute humidity stronger associated with flu in Japan than relative humidity
AH at flu onset in 7 and 12 in subsidience out of 14 seasons, respectively.
AH strongly correlates with the onset and subsidence of influenza epidemics.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shortcomings of vitamin D-based model simulations of seasonal influenza
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The results indicated an association between coarser PM fractions (PM10 and PM10-2.5)
and respiratory-specific mortality on the one hand, and between PM2.5 and cardiovascular
-specific mortality on the other. While the risk of mortality due to exposure to particulate
matter was greater in summer than in winter, this difference was statistically significant
solely for total organic-cause mortality. (Madrid)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza was highly seasonal in southern Africa.
----------------------------------------------------------------
The central questions in influenza seasonality remain unresolved
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...3/?tool=pubmed
Further, recent evidence points to a link between increased influenza activity and the rainy
season in several tropical populations
Shaman et al. (2010) showed that the relationship between AH and virus survival is
consistent with observations in the United States where anomalously low AH conditions
generally precede the onset of influenza epidemics by approximately 2 weeks.
The hypothesis that seasonal variation in immunity explains influenza seasonality is supported
by observations that humans are less likely to experience influenza-like symptoms after manual
inoculation with influenza viruses during interepidemic periods relative to common epidemic
months (Shadrin et al. 1977).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antiviral activity of crude extracts of Eugenia jambolana Lam. against H5N1
-----------------------------------------------------
66806 , 2012-04-09
With the occurrence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009, we observed a change in the seasonality
of influenza activity with a seemingly corresponding change in the activity of respiratory syncytial virus,
parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus during 2009-2011. This phenomenon could most likely be explained
by virus interference
---------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22405488
In England and Wales 7000-25000 deaths were associated with influenza in the winter periods 1999-2009.
2.5-8.1% of deaths in >75y were caused by influenza.
RSV accounted for 5000-7500 deaths each winter season
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in USA among adults aged >65 years ~ 14000 deaths a year have been attributed to RSV
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/H1N1
-------------------------------------------
66837,2012.04.12
Quantification of dust-borne transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus between chickens.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22485199
----------------------------
66971
----------------------------------------------------------
H5N1 in Cambodia
Persistence of infectious virus did not exceed 4 days, and was only identified in rain water.
No infectious virus particles were detected in pond and lake water or mud even when high
inoculum doses were used. However, viral RNA persisted up to 20 days in rain water
and 7 days in pond or lake water. Viral RNA was also detected in mud samples,
up to 14 days post-contamination in several cases. Infectious virus and viral RNA was detected
in few cases in the aquatic fauna and flora, especially in bivalves and labyrinth fish,
although these organisms seemed to be mostly passive carriers of the virus rather than
host allowing virus replication.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22511824
~180 yearly deaths per M due to flu in N-China cities 2003-2008 and ~113 in S-China cities.
124 resp. 88 of these from respiratory and circulatory
Mortality wa higher for B than for A.
[their chart for S.city deaths seems not to well correlate with flu - no impact of Aug.-waves
and deaths increase before flu starts]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
346(14%) out of 2500 deaths in Bangladesh 2009 in selected hospitals had ILI before death
estimated flu-deathrate = 110/M/y , 125 for >59
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3317934/
3 strains of pH1 transmitted well by aerosols in ferrets
1 strain of oH1 transmitted badly, the better aerosol x the less virulent
level of exhaled virus, infectious particle size, mucosal inflammation, viral replication efficiency
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
67002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516927
A non-nucleoside, 4-[(4-butylphenyl)amino]-2-methylene-4-oxo-butanoic acid (D282),
inhibited influenza A and B CPE by 50% at 6-31 µM.
Ribavirin at 14-44 µM . D282 and ribavirin inhibited virus yield by 90%
at 9.5±3.3 and 10.8±3.2 µM, respectively.
D282 (<100 mg/kg/day) failed to prevent death of mice infected with influenza.
----------------------------------------
No Association between 2008-09 Influenza Vaccine and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09
Virus Infection, Manitoba, Canada, 2009.
-----------------------------------------
http://www.eurosurveillance.org/View...rticleId=20146
Adjusted VE was 43% in europe 2011/12
---------------------------------------
67025
In vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives.
--------------------------------
67121
enzymatic polymerisation confers immunoactivating potential to phenylpropanoic acids,
and CD4 plays a key role in their cytokine-inducing activity.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
67202
Here, we describe the difference in predicted RNA secondary structure stability that exists between avian, swine and human coding regions. The results predict that global ordered RNA structure exists in influenza A segments 1, 5, 7 and 8, and that ranges of free energies for secondary structure formation differ between host strains
-----------------------------------------
a Vero cell-based HPAI H5N1 vaccine candidate (H5N1/YNVa) with stable high yield was achieved by reassortment of the Vero-adapted (Va) high growth A/Yunnan/1/2005(H3N2) (YNVa) virus with the A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1) attenuated
--------------------------------------------------
(v) favipiravir, which is primarily pursued for the treatment of influenza virus infections
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effectiveness of hand hygiene and provision of information in preventing influenza cases requiring hospitalization.
-------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------

[gsgs]

2012/05/11:67258
-----------------------------------
Subtype- and antigenic site-specific differences in biophysical influences on evolution of HA
------------------------------------
identification of pneumonia and influenza deaths using the death certificate pipeline.
--------------------------------------
asymptomatic pneumococcal carriage may also affect subsequent influenza virus infection
and the clinical outcome
---------------------------------------
reassortant strains associated with human pandemic influenza H1N1 and swine
influenza H1N2 (SIV) viruses in swine populations in South Korea.
---------------------------------------
Characteristics of a widespread community cluster of H275Y oseltamivir-resistant
A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza in Australia.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
global ordered RNA structure exists in influenza A segments 1, 5, 7 and 8,
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza. One H5N1 paper finally goes to press; second greenlighted
--------------------------------------------------------------
a Vero cell-based HPAI H5N1 vaccine candidate (H5N1/YNVa) with stable high yield was achieved
------------------------------------------------------------------
Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Protects against 1918 ...Virus in Ferrets.
----------------------------------------------------------
(v) favipiravir,
-------------------------------
67336
Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Infection and Vaccination in Humans Induces Cross-Protective
Antibodies that Target the Hemagglutinin Stem.
----------------------------------
Low Rates of Influenza Immunization in Young Children Under Ontario's Universal Influenza
Immunization Program.
-----------------------------------
CD4(+) T-cell immunity after pandemic influenza vaccination cross-reacts with seasonal
antigens and functionally differs from active influenza infection.
..Pandemic H1N1-vaccination induced a strong 4.63-fold (IQR 4.16) increase in antigen-specific
CD4(+) T cells that was more pronounced in individuals not pre-vaccinated with seasonal
influenza (p = 0.01). T-cell levels towards seasonal vaccine concomitantly rose by 2.71-fold (IQR 2.26).
Likewise, pre-vaccination with seasonal influenza induced a less pronounced increase in
specific antibodies.
---------------------------------------
TiO(2) photocatalysis could be used to inactivate the influenza virus.
----------------------------------
intercontinental reassortment in gulls.
-------------------------------------
antiviral activity of ASN2
single amino acid mutation at position 499 of the influenza virus PB1 protein that confers
resistance to ASN2,
---------------------------------------
EcoHealth and the Influenza A/H5N1 Dual Use Issue.
-----------------------------------------
(FLU-v) targeting T cell responses to NP, M1 and M2
CONCLUSION: FLU-v is safe and induces a vaccine-specific cellular immunity.
----------------------------------------------
67377, 29.May,2012
annual economic costs of influenza varied from $13.9 thousand to $957.5 million among
US counties, with a median of $2.47 million.
--> costs of flu ~ $7.5B per year in USA
--------------------------------------------------------------------
bovine Lactoferrin C-lobe strongly binds to the HA(2) region of viral hemagglutinin,
precisely the highly conserved region containing the fusion peptide.
inhibited virus hemagglutination
------------------------------------------------------------------------
67465
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{laninamivir in children similar to zanamivir}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22613866
Constrained evolution drives limited influenza diversity. {in human H3N2}
few branching, immunity was expected to create more more diversity
processive evolution down a single path
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/10/38.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H5N1 in Yunnan,2009-Jul,2011 : 2.3.2 and 2.3.4, 3 (II-1 to II-3) and 2 subclades (I-1 and I-2),
2.3.2 II-1 and II-2 were new variant strains
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
67533
peramivir fever alleviation median 17.0 h for H3N2
oseltamivir, zanamivir, and laninamivir more (--> worse)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
in animal models vaccination against H3N2 reduced immunity against H5N1
otherwise induced by a prior natural infection with H3N2
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Oral administration of milk fermented with Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris
FC protects mice against influenza virus infection.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
67638
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22675507
Despite the lack of α2,6 linked SA binding, these AIVs productively infected both
the upper and lower respiratory tract of ferrets, resulting in nasal viral shedding and
pulmonary lesions with minimal morbidity
These results demonstrate that avian influenza viruses, which are endemic in aquatic birds,
can potentially infect humans and other mammals without adaptation
--------------------------------------------------
67685
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693449
Evolution of an Eurasian Avian-like Influenza Virus in Naïve and Vaccinated Pigs.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693232
CD55 gene polymorphisms are associated with severe A(H1N1)pdm09 infection
selection of CD55 single nucleotide polymorphisms
host genetic variations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay-accelerating_factor
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22691710
in UK , trivalent effectiveness against confirmed A(H1N1)pdm2009 was 56%
87% <5-year , 84% 5-14year ,
monovalent 2009 vax was only 28% , 72% in <5
trivalent for confirmed B was 57% , 75% in 5-14
TIV provided moderate protection against the main circulating strains in 2010/2011,
with higher protection in children
-------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690739
...potent modular weapon.
---------------------------------------------------------
Incidence and risk factors for H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza
infection in flocks of apparently clinically healthy ducks.
--------------------------------------------------------
Dynamic of H5N1 virus in Cambodia and emergence of a novel endemic sub-clade.
-------------------------------------------------------
67952,2012.07.01
An Overlapping Protein-Coding Region in Influenza A Virus Segment 3 Modulates the Host Response.
--------------------------------
Effects of polyphenol compounds on influenza A virus replication and definition of their mechanism of action.
------------------------------
Key molecular factors in HA and PB2 contribute to the efficient transmission of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus.
Q226R(4),A271T(1),
--------------------------------------
Dietary Supplementation with Lacto-Wolfberry Enhances the Immune Response and Reduces Pathogenesis to Influenza Infection in Mice.
---------------------------------------
Domestic Cats Are Susceptible to Infection With Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses From Shorebirds.
-------------------------------------
Susceptibility of different cell lines to Avian and Swine Influenza viruses.
-------------------------------------
MORTALITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO 9 COMMON INFECTIONS: significant effect of influenza A, RSV, influenza B, norovirus and parainfluenza in the elderly.
Influenza A and RSV were significantly associated with mortality in all studied age groups;
influenza B, and parainfluenza additionally in those aged 75+ years, and norovirus in those
aged 85+ years. The proportion of deaths attributable to seasonal viruses was:
6.8% (85+ years); 4.4% (75-84 years); 1.4% (65-74years)
----------------------------------------
Can high-pathogenic avian influenza viruses with novel hemagglutinin serotypes other than H5 or H7 emerge?
----------------------------------------
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%...l.pone.0039177
The failure of the M segment from pH1N1 to offer R1 and R2 a replication advantage in pigs over the parental strains came as a surprise because field SIV isolates with the same genotype appear to have a better fitness and are dominant in North American pig farms.
--------------------------------------------
Review of the 2011–2012 winter influenza season, northern hemisphere.
----------------------------------------------
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H7N2) Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Adult, New York, USA, 2003.
-----------------------------------------
Human Infection from Avian-like Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses in Pigs, China.
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/...09_article.htm
A/swine/Jiangsu/40/2011
-------------------------------------------
68006, 2012.07.06

[gsgs]

68696
---------------------------------------------------------------
AL18, an inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase, was serendipitously found to
also block the interaction between the PB1 and PA polymerase subunits of influenza A virus.
Furthermore, AL18 effectively inhibited influenza A virus polymerase activity and the overall
replication of influenza A and B viruses. A molecular model to explain the binding of AL18 to
both cytomegalovirus and influenza targets is proposed. Thus, AL18 represents an interesting
lead for the development of new antivirals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22908168
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
influenza evolution 2480
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 We show that southern China is unlikely to represent an epicenter of global influenza activity, as influenza activity in Shenzhen is characterized by significant annual cycles, multiple viral introductions every year, limited persistence across epidemic seasons, and viruses that generally are not positioned on the trunk of the global influenza phylogeny.Conclusions. We propose that novel influenza viruses emerge and evolve in multiple geographic localities and that the global evolution of influenza virus is complex and does not simply originate from a southern Chinese epicenter.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22930808
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Replication and adaptive mutations of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in tracheal organ cultures of different avian species.
-------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ijmm.org/article.asp?issn...st=Gunasekaran

[gsgs]

3rd flu-meeting in Münster 2012.09.02
http://campus.uni-muenster.de/filead...act_volume.pdf

201 pages .pdf , 131 flu-research abstracts

P1   Dengue Virus Coinfection Exacerbates Influenza Replication Benjamin Bradley1, Mei-Chun Chen1, Gena Nichols1, Somanna Naveen1, Gregor Manukian, Catherine Arnold1, Courtney Standlee1, Jackson Voss1, Alex LaVanway1, Kayleigh Voss1, Courtney Garry1, Thomas V*
P2   Avian influenza viruses inhibit the major cellular signaling integrator c-Abl Eike R. Hrincius , Swantje Liedmann , Darisuren Anhlan , Thorsten Wolff , Stephan Ludwig and Christina Ehrhardt*
P3   Broadly protective trivalent recombinant heterologous influenza H5N1 challenge M. Prabakaran*
P4   Modeling influenza virus replication on a single cell level T. Frensing*
P5   Single mutations in HA and NP mediate enhanced pathogenicity of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus in mice A. Otte*
P6   Host serine proteases mediate differential cleavage of HA of different H1N1-PR8 variants Mahmoud M. Bahgat*
P7   The influenza virus PB1-F2 protein has interferon-antagonistic activity S. E. Dudek*
P8   Tracking influenza virus fusion ­ Relation between endosomal pH and stability of the influenza hemagglutinin C. Mair1*
P9   Human-like PB2 627K influenza virus polymerase activity is regulated by importin-1 and -7 Ben Hudjetz*
P10  Adaptation of influenza vaccine donor strain in Vero cells results in elevated viral polymerase activity Ke Xu*
P11  Comparative immunological investigations in mice after infection with mouseadapted variants of a classical H1N1 Swine Influenzavirus and the pandemic H1N1/2009 Influenzavirus J. Bogs*
P12  Rps6 phosphorylation is required for efficient Influenza infection C. Carron1, O. Terrier1, G. Therizols2, B. Panthu3, G. Cartet1, A. Traversier1, F. Janaud1, S. Hacot2, B. Lina1, T. Ohlmann3, S. Ludwig4, J-J. Diaz2, M. Rosa-Calatrava1*
P13  Influenza A viruses control the expression of pro-viral human p53 isoforms, p53 and 133p53 in human lung epithelial cells O. Terrier1*
P14  Differential effects of the flavonoids biochanin A and baicalein in H5N1 influenza A virus-infected cells M. Michaelis1*
P15  A novel single-virus infection system reveals that influenza virus preferentially infects resting cells Ayae Honda1,Tadao Sugiura2, Fumihito Arai3 1.Hosei University, Tokyo , Japan, 2. Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan, 3. Nagoya Univ*
P16  Isolation and characterization of H9N2 avian influenza virus from Bangladesh R. Parvin*
P17  Role of the amphiphilic helix of M2 and the cytoplasmic tail of HA for virus budding M. Veit1*
P18  Prior vaccination with livevirus protects highly susceptible DBA/2J mice from lethal influenza A H1N1 infection Leonie Dengler*
P19  Pseudotyped Newcastle Disease Virus with Paramyxovirus 8 Surface Glycoproteins and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Steglich C.1*
P20  Molecular and immunological characterisation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses N. Ikonen, M. Strengell, M. Haanpää, T. Ziegler and I. Julkunen*
P21  Proteolytic cleavage of influenza A H1N1 hemagglutinin is strongly impaired in Tm prss2 deficient mice Bastian Hatesuer1*
P22  Studies on the inhibitory activity of influenza virus-specific neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) against Pseudom onas aeruginosa C. Leitzinger1*
P23  Evolution of German swine influenza A viruses - a progress report J.Lange1*
P24  Introduction of adaptive mutations in the PB2-subunit of A/Hamburg/05/2009 (H1N1) increase the in vitro polymerase activity and in vivo pathogenicity in the C57BL/6 mouse model Folker Schwalm1*
P25  Modulation of the Type I Interferon System by -Catenin upon Influenza A Virus Infection A. Hillesheim*
P26  Critical role of segment-specific genome reassortment of influenza A viruses in vitro. packaging signals in genetic*
P27  Cross-Protection between human and European swine H3N2 influenza viruses Yu Qiu*
P28  Ribavirin but not oseltamivir should be used as control compound in efficacy studies of new anti-influenzaviral compounds against pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1) in mice N. Seidel1*
P29  Investigation of the efficacy of Tamiflu® against avH1N1 and huH1N2 swine influenza viruses in pigs R. Dürrwald1*
P30  Matriptase activates the hemagglutinin of H9N2 influenza A viruses from Asia Joanna Baron1, Carolin Tarnow1, Deborah M. Nüssle1, Daniela Meyer2, Torsten Steinmetzer2, Wolfgang Garten1, Hans-Dieter Klenk1, Eva Böttcher-Friebertshäuser1*
P31  Influenza virus binds its host cell using multiple dynamic interactions revealed by Single Virus Force Spectroscopy and Force Probe MD C. Sieben1*
P32  Protective efficacy and immunogenicity of a combinatory DNA vaccine against Influenza A Virus and Respiratory Synctial Virus Viktoria Stab1, Sandra Nitsche1, Thomas Niezold1, Michael Storcksdieck genannt Bonsmann1, Andrea Thomas1, Bettina Tippler1, Chris*
P33  Characterization of egg-culture derived, neuraminidase-negative variants of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 Donata Kalthoff*
P34  No Apparent Constraints for Novel H3 HA Reassortants with Pandemic Potential A. Kreibich1, O. Stech1, J. Hundt1, 2, T. C. Mettenleiter1, and J. Stech1*
P35  Genotypical and phenotypical analysis of two influenza A PR8 variants reveal type I IFN antagonistic properties of influenza polymerase proteins Swantje Liedmann1*
P36  Influenza A virus entry into cells lacking sialylated N-glycans Erik de Vries*
P37  Comparative analysis of some biological properties of influenza (1N1)pdm09 virus strains isolated in Russia in 2009 and 2011 Prokopeva E.A.1,2,*
P38  Bcl-2 proteins are central components of host immunity L. Kakkola, O. Denisova, D. Kainov*
P39  MAPKAPK 3 inhibits IFN gamma secretion after flu infection and cytokine stimulation K. Koether11*
P40  A reverse genetics approach to study the determinants for dsRNA-binding and PKR inhibition of the influenza A virus NS1 protein K.L. Schierhorn1*
P41  The inhibition of human cytokines by small molecules such as RV1088 in response to influenza virus infections of primary respiratory cell cultures J. Ashcroft1*
P42  Innate resistance of pig cells against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infection is associated with reduced pro-inflammation and infectious virus release. Rahul K. Nelli1*
P43  The importin-7 gene is a determinant of viral cell tropism in the murine lung P. Resa-Infante1*
P44  Inhibition of cellular MAP kinase p38 impairs influenza virus induced primary and secondary host gene responses and protects mice from lethal H5N1 infection Börgeling, Y.1*
P45  Decreased activity of avian-like influenza polymerase in human cells is independent of the viral nucleoprotein Duncan Paterson*
P46  Avian and Human Influenza Virus Surveillance in Asian part of Russia (20102011) Silko N.Yu.*
P47  Evaluation of antiviral activity of SALPs against influenza viruses Julia Hoffmann*
P48  The influenza virus and SARS-coronavirus activating proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT are expressed at multiple sites in the human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts S. Bertram1*
P49  Influenza A virus nucleoprotein targets specific subnuclear domains Chris T. Hoefer 1*
P50  Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Ferret Genes G. Manukian1, S. Naveen1, BS Kaplan2, TG Voss1*
P51  Antiviral defense mechanisms in alveolar type II epithelial cells are altered in chronically diseased lungs and counteract with influenza A infection Marcus Gereke1,2*
P52  Early protection of balb/c mice against lethal HPAIV H5N1 challenge infection Susanne Röhrs*
P53  Influenza virus tropism in human and swine respiratory tract Renee WY Chan1,2*
P54  A systems-based approach to examine the host response in permissive cells types infected with Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses and low passage human clinical influenza pH1N1 isolates. Richard Sutejo1, Dawn S. Yeo1,2, Myint Zu Myaing1,Chen Hui1 ,Jia*
P55  Activation of the Rar-related orphan receptor alpha by H5N1 leads to subsequent NF-B inhibition and suppression of inflammatory responses in monocytes J. Friesenhagen1,2*
P56  A siRNA screen to detect influenza virus strain-specific differences in required host cell factors M. Lesch1*
P57  Use of CaCo-2 cells for isolation of influenza virus from clinical and post mortem samples E. Bildanova*
P58  Effect of influenza virus infection on gelatinases in human monolayer cell cultures D. Danilenko*
P59  Acylation of influenza A virus M2 and HA might work synergistically for efficient budding of virus particles S. Siche1*
P60  Distinct gene loci control the host response to influenza H1N1 virus infection in a time-dependent manner H. Kollmus1*
P61  Novel influenza antiviral agents O. Denisova*
P62  Porcine airway epithelial cells provide a model system to study proteolytic activation of influenza A viruses C. Freuer*
P63  A four-year survey of the oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses in Ukraine L. Leibenko1*
P64  Whole-genome transcriptome analysis of influenza-infected mouse lungs reveals the kinetics of the complex host response Esther Wilk1*
P65  A network of intermolecular interactions between viral RNA segments of an avian H5N2 influenza A virus: comparison with a human H3N2 virus Catherine Isel1*
P66  Small molecule inhibitors of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) possess antiviral activity against highly pathogenic avian and human pandemic influenza A viruses Wolfgang Nacken*
P67  Antiviral activity of some benzimidazole and spiroindolinpyrrolizidine derivatives against influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus Liubov A. Karpinskaya1*
P68  Pandemic A/H1N1 (2009) Swine Influenza Virus Detection and Isolation in Commercial Piggery, Lagos Nigeria Meseko, C.A1, 2*
P69  Bimolecular fluorescence complementation oligomerisation of Mx Proteins Schilling Mirjam*
P70  Model for the caspase-dependent nuclear RNP export in influenza virus-infected cells J. Dzieciolowski1*
P71  A novel vector to clone influenza A viruses segments for the bi-directional, simultaneous generation of vRNA and mRNA using a CcdB selection marker and alternative cloning sites Ahmed Elsayed1*
P72  Small molecule inhibitors of influenza A and B viruses that act by disrupting subunit interactions of the viral polymerase G. Muratore1, L. Goracci2, B. Mercorelli1, A. Foeglein3, P. Digard3,4, G. Cruciani2, G. Palù1, and A. Loregian1*
P73  Possible factors influencing the influenza vaccine induced antibody response in the elderly B. Camilloni1, M. Basileo1, E. Lepri1, A. Cherubini2, G. Dell'Aquila2, P. Tozzi3, G. Bartolini 3, V. Committeri3, A. M. Iorio1*
P74  Studies of the host response to influenza A virus infections in mouse knock-out mutants Mohamed A. Tantawy 1,2*
P75  EPs® 7630 (Umckaloabo®), an extract from Pelargonium sidoides roots, exerts anti-influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo Linda L. Theisen1*
P76  Antiviral activity of Enterococcus faecium on the replication of Swine Influenza Virus in Vitro Zhenya Wang1*
P77  Activity of synthetic peptide glutamyl-tryptophane in glycirrhizinic acid against lethal influenza on mouse model combination with*
P78  Identification of Interferon stimulated genes in the chicken Susanne Röll1*
P79  Shift of oxygen saturation in the blood of different mouse inbred strains after influenza A infection N. Mehnert1*
P80  Introduction of silent mutations into the NP gene of influenza A viruses as a possible strategy for the creation of a live attenuated vaccine. D. Anhlan1*
P81  Shedding of resistant and susceptible influenza viruses in infants during oseltamivir treatment B.Rath2, M. von Kleist3, F. Tief2, K. Karsch2, E. Tuerk2, S. Muehlhans2, F. Louis4, H. Skopnik4, B. Schweiger1, S. Duwe1*
P82  Growth Of Porcine Influenza Viruses In Differentiated Respiratory Epithelial Cells A. Fandan Meng1*
P83  Experimental infection of Common gull (Larus canus) with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus E. Sherstkov1,2*
P84  Structure of humoral immune response to the pandemic (H1N1)pdm09 virus in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients A.A.Vasilyeva1*
P85  Discrimination between 2-3- and 2-6-sialylated receptor gangliosides of influenza A virus using immunodetection combined with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry G. Pohlentz1*
P86  Detection of antiviral-resistant influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses in Japan by a combination of chemiluminescent and fluorescent neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility assays E. Takashita1*
P87  Induction of Apoptosis by Seasonal and Highly Pathogenic IAV in ex vivo infected Human Lung Tissue A. Becher1*
P88  The significance of the influenza, ARI and SARI surveillance system in Republic of Moldova P.Scofera1, R.Cojocaru1*
P89  The role of the FGF10/FGFR2b axis in epithelial repair following severe influenza pneumonia J. Quantius1*
P90  Components of the human interactome of influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins revealed by RNA tagging and proteomics A. York1*
P91  Contrasting regulation of suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) between human and pig tracheal epithelial cells following highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection A. Chang Pengxiang1*
P92  Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is activated by influenza virus vRNA via the pathogen pattern receptorRig-I to promote efficient type I interferon production Rüdiger Dierkes*
P93  Comparison of data of Influenza Routine vs. Sentinel Surveillance System in Georgia, influenza seasons 2009-2010/2010-2011 O. Tarkhan-Mouravi1*
P94  The human Mx locus exhibits potent antiviral activity in an inducible transgenic mouse model C. Deeg1*
P95  The Combined Action of Influenza Virus and Staphylococcus aureus PantonValentine Leukocidin Provokes Severe Lung Epithelium Damage S. Niemann1,3*
P96  Polymerase mutations promoting adaptation of avian influenza virus of subtype H9N2 to mammals. Hanna Sediri1*
P97  Newly designed furin-specific inhibitors exhibit potent inhibitory efficacy against highly pathogenic influenza viruses Yinghui Lu1*
P98  Host-specific differences in membrane fusion activity of influenza A viruses J. Baumann1*
P99  Antiviral activity of chicken interferon- in chickens A. Reuter1,4, D. Rubbenstroth1, S.M. Soubies1*
P100 Influenza A NS1 protein is required for efficient segment 7 mRNA nuclear export C. Pereira1*
P101 Identification of interferon- producing cells in influenza A virus-infected mouse lungs C.Kallfass1*
P102 Influenza-virus infection impacts on alveolar edema clearance: role of virus- and host factors in regulation of alveolar epithelial cell ENaC and Na,K-ATPase expression C.Becker1*
P103 Alteration of infectivity and antigenicity by host adaptation of the first Japanese A/H1N1pdm09 isolate Hideki Asanuma1,2*
P104 Comparative analysis of mammalian ganglioside receptors of influenza A viruses and soluble hemagglutinins A. Hucke1, D. Eberhardt1, G. Pohlentz1, A.-K. Sauer2, G. Herrler2, C. Ehrhardt3, S. Ludwig3, W. Storck1, I. Meisen1, M. Mormann4, H. Karch1, J. Müth*
P105 Using quantitative proteomic analysis of recombinant influenza A virus to define the interactome of the viral NS1 protein in human lung cells K. Paki1, T. Schwecke2, A. Sadewasser1, T. Wolff1*
P106 Sialyl Lewisx gangliosides: novel receptors of human H3N2 influenza A viruses I. Meisen1,2*
P107 Pigs as an intermediate host for the adaptation of Asian lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses to mammals Brandon Z. Londt*
P108 Macrophage-expressed IFN- mediates apoptotic alveolar epithelial injury in severe influenza virus pneumonia Katrin Högner*
P109 Anti-influenza virus activity of nucleoside inhibitors of the influenza virus polymerase E. Vanderlinden1*
P110 Mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of HA in Influenza virus ­ with focus on SAcylation Katharina Brett*
P111 Antigenic variation of H2N2 influenza viruses during 11 years of evolution Martin Linster1*
P112 P38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in regulating interferon-1-mediated immune responses after RNA stimulation Miao Jiang1,2,3*
P113 Hemadsorption activity of the neuraminidase of H1N1/09 pandemic influenza virus and its swine precursors V. Czudai-Matwich1*
P114 Emergence of novel influenza A(H3N2) variants in Germany during 2011-2012 M. Wedde1*
P115 Specific amino acid in NS1 of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses effect the viral replication in mammalian cell. Pumaree Kanrai*
P116 Influenza virus infection of dendritic cells interferes with the immune response Annette B. Vogel1*
P117 Characterization of 7:1 gene reassortants of H1N1/09 pandemic influenza virus containing different N1 neuraminidases T. Gerlach1*
P118 MAT1 and epitheliasin are HA-activating proteases of the influenza mouse model C. Tarnow1*
P119 Data Curation of the GISAID EpiFlu Influenza Database Anne Pohlmann1*
P120 Pandemic influenza A viruses escape from restriction by human MxA through adaptive mutations in the nucleoprotein Dornfeld D.1*
P121 Elucidating the role of nucleoprotein in influenza A virus replication and transcription L. Turrell*
P122 Cytokine expression at different stages of infection of A(H1N1)pdm09 in porcine lung using laser capture microdissection D. Hicks, A. Orlowska, M. Kelly, B. Londt*
P123 Promoter binding studies of the influenza A RNA polymerase N.C. Robb1*
P124 Novel antiviral drug ingavirinR restores the cellular antiviral response in influenza A virus infection and enhances viral clearance in ferrets Irina Kuznetsova 1, Andrei Egorov 1, Thomas Aschacher 1, Vladimir Nibolsin 2, Michael Bergmann*
P125 H5N1 virus in Russia (2005-2011): molecular epidemiology, ecology and evolution Alexander Shestopalov*
P126 Analysis of the receptor binding properties of influenza A hemagglutinins using soluble chimeric proteins Anne-Kathrin Sauer1*
P127 Identification of cellular proteins interacting with influenza A virus polymerase using a virus-based split-luciferase complementation assay C. Chiang1*
P128 Human importin-7 increases the half-life of the influenza virus polymerase subunit PB2 S. Thiele1*
P129 A novel optical microscopy approach to characterize size and morphology of single influenza virus particles E.C. Plötz1, D.W. Siegersma1, A.M. van Oijen1, E. Fodor2, N.C. Robb2, & T. Cordes1
P130 Annexin A6 is a novel host factor in influenza A virus infection A. Musiol1*
P131 A novel vector to clone influenza A viruses segments for the bi-directional, simultaneous generation of vRNA and mRNA using a CcdB selection marker and alternative cloning sites Ahmed Mostafa1*

[gsgs]

Migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos).
High influenza a virus infection rates in mallards bred for hunting in the camargue, South of france.
Reassortant influenza A viruses in wild duck populations: effects on viral shedding and persistence in water.
Disease dynamics and bird migration--linking mallards Anas platyrhynchos and subtype diversity of the influenza A virus in time and space.
Viral replication, persistence in water and genetic characterization of two influenza A viruses isolated from surface lake water.

[gsgs]

69994
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Low pathogenic avian influenza H7N7 in domestic poultry in Germany in 2011.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary vaccine efficacy was 65% against any strain, 78% against matched
strains and 55% against not-matched strains. Both live-attenuated and inactivated
vaccines showed similar levels of protection against not-matched strains (60% and
55%, respectively). Live-attenuated vaccines performed better than inactivated vaccines
in children (80% versus 48%), whereas inactivated vaccines performed better than
live-attenuated vaccines in adults (59% versus 39%). There was a large difference
(20%) in efficacy against influenza A (69%) and influenza B (49%) types for not-matched strains.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Methamphetamine reduces human influenza a virus replication.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
The neuraminidase of bat influenza viruses is not a neuraminidase.
García-Sastre A.
------------------------------------------------------------------
From a panel of 22 flavonoids, we identified six compounds (apigenin, baicalein,
biochanin A, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin) that inhibited influenza A nucleoprotein
production in human lung epithelial (A549) cells infected with the highly pathogenic
avian influenza H5N1 virus strain A/Thailand/Kan-1/04 in non-toxic concentrations.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/...11_article.htm
Pandemic Influenza Outbreak on a Troop Ship—Diary of a Soldier in 1918
cumulative mortality rate of 68.9 cases/1,000 population and estimated cumulative
morbidity rate of 90% 26 August,1918, left Freetown. 27.Aug. severe flu outbreak started.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
69694
70032
---------------------------------------
Anti-H5N1 virus new diglyceride ester from the Red Sea grass Thallasodendron ciliatum.
----------------------------------
Modeling the impact of air, sea, and land travel restrictions supplemented by other
interventions on the emergence of a new influenza pandemic virus.
imposing a 99% air travel restriction delayed the epidemic peak by up to two weeks.
---------------------------------
70754,2013.01.15
antiviral function of NO
--------------------------------------------------
Novel adjuvant boosts HIV and influenza vaccines in mice.

Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses, especially the
laboratory-generated H5N1 mutants, have demonstrated the potential to
cross the species barrier and infect mammals and humans. Consequently,
the design of an effective and safe anti-H5N1 vaccine is essential.
We previously demonstrated that the full-length hemagglutinin 1 (HA1)
could induce significant neutralizing antibody response and protection.
Here, we intended to identify the critical neutralizing domain (CND) in
an optimal conformation that can elicit strong cross-neutralizing antibodies
and protection against divergent H5N1 strains. We thus constructed six
recombinant proteins covering different regions of HA1 of A/Anhui/1/2005(H5N1),
each of which was fused with foldon (Fd) and Fc of human IgG. We found that
the critical fragment fused with Fd/Fc (HA-13-263-Fdc, H5 numbering) that
could elicit the strongest neutralizing antibody response is located in the
N-terminal region of HA1 (residues 13-263), which covers the receptor-binding
domain (RBD, residues 112-263). We then constructed three additional
recombinants fused with Fd plus His tag (HA-13-263-Fd-His), Fc only
(HA-13-263-Fc), and His tag only (HA-13-263-His), respectively.
We found that the HA-13-263-Fdc, which formed an oligomeric
conformation, induced the strongest neutralizing antibody response
and cross-protection against challenges of two tested H5N1 virus
strains covering clade 1: A/VietNam/1194/2004 (VN/1194) or
clade 2.3.4: A/Shenzhen/406H/06 (SZ/406H), while HA-13-263-Fc
dimer and HA-13-263-Fd-His trimer elicited higher neutralizing antibody
response and protection than HA-13-263-His monomer. These results
suggest that the oligomeric form of the CND containing the RBD can
be further developed as an effective and safe vaccine for cross-protection
against divergent strains of H5N1 viruses.
----------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6822747
Houston family study
In 1977-1978, 40% of 238 persons in 59 families had H3N2, 11% had H1N1, and 4% had both.
In 1980-1981, 27% of 319 persons in 79 families had H3N2, 20% had H1N1, 5% had both
77% of isolates and up to 56% of seroconversions gave ILI
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21912812
alkylglycerols, taken immediately before the peak of influenza, Alkyrol®500 per os, twice a day,
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27 from 29 boys in a boarding school had H1N1 in 1978 in England, 21 clinical.
23 of the 29 were reinfected with H1N1 in a 2nd outbreak in 1983 but only 9 had symptoms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exposure to multiple seasonal H1N1 , but not any single H1N1, elicits a breadth of antibodies
in ferrets that neutralize novel H1N1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.math.purdue.edu/~stowers/influenza.html
Steele update
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23350191
ergoferon
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amount of flavonoids in Berries linked to antiviral effects
-------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

Rhinovirus and influenza
================================================== ====
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19376742
For some period, human rhinovirus may render the host less likely to be infected by other viruses.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20121829
Rhinoviruses delayed the circulation of the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in France.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23272110
H1N1 was found in 83 (16.5%) children and of these 12 (14.5%) were co-infections
6.0% of the H1N1-positive children were also positive for HRV.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23029253
We observed a distinctive dual peak pattern of influenza epidemic during the A/H1N1 2009pdm
in Beijing, China, which was formed by the A/H1N1 2009pdm, and a subsequent influenza B
epidemic in year 2009/2010.
Parallel detection of multiple respiratory viruses shows that the epidemic of common
respiratory viruses, except human rhinovirus, was delayed during the pandemic of the
A/H1N1 2009pdm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22984554
RESULTS: Two successive waves of viral infections were identified: a first wave (W33-37)
when pH1N1 was dominant and co-circulated with NIRVs(non-influenza-respiratory-viruses),
sharply interrupted by a second wave (W38-44), almost exclusively composed of NIRVs,
mainly human Rhinoviruses (hRV) and Coronaviruses (hCoV). Data suggest that some
interference may occur between NIRVs and pH1N1 when they co-circulate within the
same household, where NIRVs were more likely to infect pH1N1 negative individuals
than pH1N1 positive peers (relative risk: 3.13, 95% CI: 1.80-5.46, P<0.001).
Viral shedding was significantly shorter (P = 0.035) in patients who were co-infected
by pH1N1 and NIRV or by two different NIRVs compared to those who were infected
with only one virus, whatever this virus was (pH1N1 or NIRVs). Although intense
co-circulation of NIRVs (especially hRV) likely brought pH1N1 under the detection
threshold, it did not prevent spread of the pandemic Influenza virus within the susceptible
population nor induction of an extensive herd immunity to it.
------------------------------------------------------------------

[gsgs]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?...1+heterologous

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23240067
~75% of chickens pre-infected with A/goose/AB/223/2005 H1N1 or A/WBS/MB/325/2006 H1N2
survived H5N1 challenge while 0% of naive controls survived.
nucleoprotein and H1 specific antibodies, no clinical disease with H1Nx, but were able to spread
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23084852
Virus replicated in chickens infected with LPAI H1N1 but did not cause clinical disease
HPAI H5N2 specific cell mediated immunity (CMI) following LPAI H1N1 infection
chickens previously infected with H1N1 did not develop clinical disease and shed
significantly less virus by oral and cloacal routes
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20810733
H7N7 NL/03 ca vaccine virus fully protected mice (and ferrets) from lethal challenge with different H7
T lymphocytes were not essential
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20676399
acquisition of a polybasic HA cleavage site is only one necessary step for evolution
of low-pathogenic H5N1 strains into HPAIV.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793828
we serially passaged the avirulent wild-bird H5N2 strain A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/05 (W81)
in the lungs of mice. The resulting mouse-adapted strain (ma81) was highly virulent
PA gene was a determinant T97I
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19359528
H5N2 in Korean swine, 2008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23376279
heterol.protection in mice with vaccinia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23328313
baculovirus to protect mice
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23283953
vaccination with seasonal vax protected against H5N1 in ferrets, adjuvants,
due exclusively to the H1N1 component, N1 dominant,sialic acid cleavage-inhibiting antibody titres.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23081815
MF59-adjuvanted , 7.5 μg of A/Turkey was highly immunogenic, well tolerated,
also against A/IDN A/VNM after 6 weeks
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036502
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23000130
flagellin-HA (head) fusion vaccine protect mice,ferrets on H1N1,H5n1VNM
lasting >= 9 months
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22897930
Conclusion  If an H5N1 pandemic was to arise, and with the hypothesis that one can
extrapolate the results from three doses of a whole-virion vaccine in ferrets to the available
split vaccines for use in humans, the population could be efficiently immunized with
currently available H5N1 vaccines, while the homologous vaccine is under production.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22884662
CONCLUSIONS: A Vero cell derived whole virus non-adjuvanted H5N1 influenza vaccine
is well tolerated and induces long-lasting cross-clade immunological memory that can
be effectively boosted 1-2 years after two dose or single dose priming, supporting its
suitability for pre-pandemic vaccination.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22309663
Aflunov (VNM/H5N1)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

recent reviews (>=2012)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528281/
5. Conclusions
Live-attenuated influenza vaccine could provide protection against influenza viruses
of different subtypes. Multiple types of H5N1 live-attenuated vaccines could be
developed based on existing vaccine production technologies and capacities.
In addition, the research and development of adjuvants for live-attenuated vaccines
is worthy of attention and effort, as safe and effective adjuvants can effectively
lower the dose of vaccines and expand suitable ranges of vaccination.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509669/
adenovirus vectored
There is no doubt that significant progress has been made, during the past decade,
in the field of the rAd-vectored H5N1 influenza vaccines. However, these vaccines
must overcome several challenges before they can be considered a suitable alternative
to the currently licensed vaccines.
Mounting evidence indicates that mucosal and T cell mediated immunity may actually
more important than previously realized against a broad spectrum of H5N1 strains
[118,119,121,123,128,129].
The cross-protection achieved by vaccination with rAd vaccines encoding HA and/or
conserved antigens is very encouraging [52,87,129,147].
VLP based vaccines can induce both humoral and cellular immunity in nonclinical studies
and have looked very promising in clinical trials [178]
we believe that the rAd vectored nasal influenza vaccines hold great promise for the
influenza pandemic preparedness

http://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/ab..._pub%3dpubmed&

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3495721/
Pre-pandemic "avian" H5N1 and pandemic 2009 (H1N1) vaccines can achieve
satisfactory immunogenicity
the best available option in a pandemic is currently represented by oil-in-water adjuvanted
vaccines, administered in two doses containing each 3.8–6 μg of hemagglutinin antigen.
These formulations were more prone to cause adverse reactions, but they were the only
preparations showing acceptable immunogenicity rates (≥ 70%), so the trade-off may be
considered acceptable.6
Finally, both reviews found no serious vaccine-related adverse events, and concluded
that all tested vaccines had an acceptable safety profile. In the absence of studies on
clinical outcomes, however, the efficacy/effectiveness of the vaccine cannot be taken
for granted.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706187
In summary, an efficacious H5N1 vaccine is urgently needed and the ferret model
remains an appropriate model for its development.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23429198
pre-treatment with CdCl(2) of MDCK cells increased influenza virus replication

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419002
We attribute 14 800 excess respiratory and cardiac deaths (95% CI: 10 000-19 650)
to pandemic influenza activity during April 2009-April 2010, 79% of which occurred in
people under 65 years.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

....Detection of A/H5N1 virus from asymptomatic native ducks in mid-summer in Egypt.

[gsgs]

recent reassortment papers:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NS-reassortment of H5N1 HPAIV viruses in the background of A/FPV/Rostock/1934
(H7N1) HPAIV has been shown to change virus replication kinetics and host cell response
in mammalian cells the NS-segment of A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (FPV NS VN, H5N1) HPAIV
significantly altered the characteristics of the H7-prototype HPAIV in tracheal organ
cultures (TOC) of chicken and turkey in vitro, with decreased replication efficiency
accompanied by increased induction of type I interferon (IFN) and apoptosis.
NS-reassortant FPV NS VN showed an overall highly-pathogenic phenotype with increased
virulence and replication potential compared to the wild-type virus after systemic infection
of chicken and turkey embryos.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468508
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
A/Udorn/307/72 (Udorn) and the high-growth A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) virus we assessed
the influence of the source of the PB1 gene on virus growth and vaccine yield. Classical
reassortment of these two strains led to the selection of viruses that predominantly had
the Udorn PB1 gene.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468502
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influenza viruses with rearranged genomes as live-attenuated vaccines.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
of cross-immunity acquired through previous infections or vaccination can greatly constrain
pandemic emergence.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438428
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mutations in H5 and H9 hemagglutinin (HA) in the context of lab-generated reassorted viruses
conferred aerosol transmissibility in ferrets (a property shared by human adapted viruses).
We previously demonstrated that the quantitative binding affinity of HA to α2→6 sialylated
glycans (human receptors) is one of the important factors governing human adaptation of HA.
Although the H7 subtype has infected humans causing varied clinical outcomes from mild
conjunctivitis to severe respiratory illnesses
Eurasian (H7N7) and North American (H7N2) lineages that have caused human infection.
Furthermore, we have demonstrated for the first time that two specific mutations;
Gln226→Leu and Gly228→Ser in glycan receptor-binding site of H7 HA substantially
increase its binding affinity to human receptor
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577880/
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A/duck/Hunan/69/2004) encoding NS1-ESKV and NS1-138Y was confined to the respiratory
tract of infected mice, whereas a mutant encoding NS1-ESEV and NS1-138F caused systemic
infection and killed mice more efficiently.
functional interplay between the mutations at NS1-138 and NS1-229 that results in a synergistic
effect on influenza virulence.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
isolate AI2114 produced an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) score of 1.37 in chickens
whereas isolate AI2214 produced an IVPI score of 0.8. The former virus had an additional,
predicted N-linked glycosylation site at position 88 of the hemagglutinin protein as well as
an E627K mutation in the PB2 protein that was lacking from AI2214.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
To better understand host adaptation between mammalian species in real time, we passaged
mouse-adapted A/PR8/34 (PR8) in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs, unlike mice, support spontaneous
and robust IAV transmission. For some IAV strains, including PR8, adaptation is required for a
virus to attain transmissibility,
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Multiple guinea pig-adapted PR8 mutants generated by serial nasal wash passaging in independent
lines replicated more efficiently and transmitted by co-caging. All transmissible variants possessed
one of two non-synonymous mutations in M1, either alone or in combination with mutations in
PB2, HA, NP or NA. Rapid reassortment between independently selected variants combined beneficial
mutations in NP and M1 to form the fittest transmitting virus. These findings provide further insight
into genetic determinants in NP and M1 involved in PR8 IAV adaptation to transmit in a new host,
and clearly show the benefit of a segmented genome in rapidly generating optimal combinations of
mutations in IAV evolution
----------------------------------------------------------------------
After serial passages in ferrets, a dominant H1N2 virus population was obtained with a constellation
of gene segments, most of which, except for the neuraminidase (NA) and PB1 segments, were from
the H1N1pdm strain. Our studies suggest that ferrets recapitulate influenza virus reassortment events.
The H1N2 virus generated through this process resembles similar viruses that are emerging in nature,
particularly in pigs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
viruses possessing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Norway3487 in the genetic background
of Osaka164 were more pathogenic in mice
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A/HK/156/97 (H5N1) [E92 or E92D NS1] with NS from A/PR/834(H1N1) [D92 NS1]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509451/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Possible outcomes of reassortment in vivo between wild type and live attenuated influenza vaccine strains.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
reassortant H5N2 avian influenza virus from domestic mallard ducks in eastern China.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
reassortment between H1 and H3 in East India
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
reassortant H9 viruses with pH1N1 genes show increased virulence in mice and transmissibility in
ferrets The parental H9N2 and reassortant H9N2/CA09 viruses were transmitted to sentinel chickens,
but H9N1/CA09 virus was not. The parental H9N2 replicated poorly and was not transmitted in pigs,
whereas both H9N2/CA09 and H9N1/CA09 viruses replicated and were transmitted efficiently in pigs,
similar to the pH1N1 virus.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
variation in the viral genome composition of these isolates had limited effects on duration, extent
and pattern of viral shedding, as well as on the reduction of infectivity in water over time
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quail as a potential mixing vessel for the generation of new reassortant influenza A viruses.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In vitro reassortment between endemic H1N2 and 2009 H1N1 pandemic swine influenza viruses
generates attenuated viruses.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3416129/
7 of the 1918 LPAI 7:1 chimeric viruses replicated and caused disease equivalent to the
fully reconstructed 1918 virus
Only the PB2-chimeric was attenuated in mice This could be corrected by E627K
A/Green Wing Teal/Ohio/175/1986 (H2N1) and A/mallard/Ohio/265/1987 (H1N9) segment 4;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PA from an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus activates viral transcription and
replication and induces apoptosis and interferon expression at an early stage of infection.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
cold-adapted pH1N1 live attenuated vaccine (CApH1N1) elicits cross-reactive immunity to
seasonal and H5 influenza A viruses in the mouse

[gsgs]

--------------72372 entries for influenza-------------
in Zhuhai,China,2010 H3N2, ADV, and RSV correlated with air temperature flu-B
correlated with relative air humidity.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methanolic extract of Capparis sinaica Veill
quercetin (1), isoquercetin (2) and rutin (3) for the first time from this species. The isolates showed
reduction in the virus titre by 68.13%, 79.66% and 73.22% inhibition at 1 ng/ml,
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
in Vietnam,H5N1, life bird markets the implementation of thorough, daily disinfection
of the market environment as well as of traders' vehicles and equipment in only a small
number of hubs can disconnect the network dramatically, preventing disease spread.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Host restrictions (to gulls) of h13 and h16 in the internal proteins.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
72399
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23660486
A/mallard/Netherlands/10-Nmkt/1999 (not at genbank)
the minority sub-populations of segments 2, 7 and 8 completely
replaced their majority counterparts.
----------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23658730
Curcumin
--------------------------------------
72442
Intensive Care Medicine June 2013, Volume 39, Issue 6, pp 1168-1169 Detection of pH1N1 in urine
Substitutions T200A and E227A in the Hemagglutinin of Pandemic 2009 Influenza A Virus Increase Lethality but Decrease Transmission.
Twenty-five years of research on the behavioural malaise associated with influenza and the common cold.
Gaseous nitric oxide reduces influenza infectivity in vitro.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...89860313001146
pubmed down, try hubmed
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72484