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November 28th, 2012, 06:47 PM
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Dangereux tango pour la dette argentine
ÉCONOMIE
Dangereux tango pour la dette argentine
28 novembre 2012 à 15:59
PHOTO
Drapeau argentin (Photo Maxi Failla. AFP)
Dix ans après le crash argentin, les couteaux sont tirés entre Buenos Aires et des fonds d'investissement «vautours» ayant refusé tout arrangement.
Par DOMINIQUE ALBERTINI
Des investisseurs «vautours», un juge impitoyable, des matelots assiégés et une Grèce qui claque des dents : tels sont les ingrédients du grand mic-mac autour de la dette argentine, qu’a épaissi mardi le placement du pays en catégorie «spéculative» par l’agence de notation Fitch. Enjointe de régler sa dettes envers des investisseurs lésés, Buenos Aires est au bord du défaut de paiement. Une situation qui pourrait coûter cher à d’autres pays mal en point.
Pour comprendre la situation, il faut revenir en décembre 2001. En plein effondrement économique, l'Argentine voit ses rues se remplir et son président, Fernando de la Rúa, prendre la fuite par hélicoptère. Le 24 décembre, le gouvernement annonce la suspension du paiement de la dette extérieure et sa volonté de renégocier celle-ci auprès de ses créanciers. A l’issue de deux «rounds» de négociation, en 2005 puis en 2010, la plupart d’entre eux acceptent un rabot de 75% sur une dette totale de 75 milliards d'euros, du jamais-vu à l'époque. Depuis, l'Argentine a vu sa situation économique se redresser.
Un navire en otage
Fin des problèmes ? Voire. Car plusieurs fonds d’investissement américains refusent l’arrangement et attaquent le pays auprès de la justice américaine. Laquelle, dans une décision rendue mercredi dernier, estime que «l’Argentine doit verser aux requérants 100% des 1,33 milliard de dollars [775 millions d'euros, ndlr] dus en même temps ou avant de rembourser les titres restructurés». «Ce n’est pas vraiment une injustice que d’avoir des décisions de justice obligeant enfin l’Argentine à payer ce qu’elle doit», commente alors le juge new-yorkais Thomas Griesa, à l’origine de la décision.
La tension est telle entre le pays et les plaignants que l’un d’entre eux, NML Capital, qui revendique 283 millions d’euros de créances, a fait saisir la frégate argentine Libertad, stationnée dans le port ghanéen de Tema. Près de 300 marins ont dû être rapatriés par avion. Les quarante-cinq restant, retenus sur place depuis début octobre, ont brandi des armes à feu face aux autorités locales venues déplacer le navire vers un autre emplacement du port.
«Les fonds "vautours" ont fait le choix de refuser l'échange et d’entamer une procédure judiciaire très longue et très coûteuse, explique Sébastien Thénard, gérant chez Natixis. Ils pensent y trouver un intérêt financier, mais également une visibilité supplémentaire auprès de clients potentiels. Il n’y a pas beaucoup de fonds capables de mobiliser autant d'énergie pour ce genre de procédure contre un Etat. Pourtant, les choses ne se sont pas trop mal passées pour les investisseurs ayant accepté la restructuration, qui ont fini par récupérer plus que ce à quoi ils s’attendaient.»
Imbroglio complet
/.../
http://www.liberation.fr/economie/20...gentine_863683
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