Am J Pathol. Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Attaches to Epithelium in Both Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans

[Giuseppe]

[Source: The American Journal of Pathology, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]


Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Attaches to Epithelium in Both Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans

Debby van Riel, Lonneke M.E. Leijten, Miranda de Graaf, Jurre Y. Siegers, Kirsty R. Short, Monique I.J. Spronken, Eefje J.A. Schrauwen, Ron A.M. Fouchier, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Thijs Kuiken


Address correspondence to Thijs Kuiken, D.V.M., Ph.D., Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Accepted 28 June 2013. published online 12 September 2013.


Abstract

Influenza A viruses from animal reservoirs have the capacity to adapt to humans and cause influenza pandemics. The occurrence of an influenza pandemic requires efficient virus transmission among humans, which is associated with virus attachment to the upper respiratory tract. Pandemic severity depends on virus ability to cause pneumonia, which is associated with virus attachment to the lower respiratory tract. Recently, a novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus with unknown pandemic potential emerged in humans. We determined the pattern of attachment of two genetically engineered viruses containing the hemagglutinin of either influenza virus A/Shanghai/1/13 or A/Anhui/1/13 to formalin-fixed human respiratory tract tissues using histochemical analysis. Our results show that the emerging H7N9 virus attached moderately or abundantly to both upper and lower respiratory tract, a pattern not seen before for avian influenza A viruses. With the caveat that virus attachment is only the first step in the virus replication cycle, these results suggest that the emerging H7N9 virus has the potential both to transmit efficiently among humans and to cause severe pneumonia.
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Supported by European Union FP7 ANTIGONE (contract number 278976), European Union FP7 FLUPIG (contract number 258084), NIAID-NIH (contract HHSN266200700010C), NHMRC C.J. Martin post-doctoral fellowship (1054081) (K.S.).

Disclosures: A.D.M.E.O. is partly employed by ViroClinics Biosciences B.V. and owns share certificates in ViroClinics Biosciences B.V. T.K. is a part-time consultant for ViroClinics Biosciences B.V.

PII: S0002-9440(13)00457-4

doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.011

? 2013 American Society for Investigative Pathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


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[Pathfinder]

Re: Am J Pathol. Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Attaches to Epithelium in Both Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract of Humans

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Dutch researchers: H7N9 with pandemic potential

2013年09月12日13:01 |
　　
According to Xinhua News Agency, "American Journal of Pathology" 10 released a new study shows, H7N9 avian influenza virus can efficiently infect both the upper and lower respiratory tract, this pattern of infection in the avian influenza virus is the first time discovered. This shows that the H7N9 virus has spread from person to person and cause severe pneumonia effectively and thus the potential to cause a pandemic. 　　

Under normal circumstances, such as H1N1 and other influenza viruses are more susceptible to the nose, throat and other parts of the upper respiratory tract, these patients saliva and mucus, which contain a large number of viruses, which led to the spread of the virus is strong; while some other H5N1 avian influenza virus is susceptible to more in-depth bronchioles and alveolar other lower respiratory tract, causing severe pneumonia, so these pathogenic avian influenza virus resistance. 　　

Netherlands, Erasmus University researchers were first reported use of two H7N9 virus strains were analyzed and compared with influenza virus H3N2 and H1N1, and H7N7 avian influenza virus H5N1 and contrast. The results showed that, with other avian influenza viruses is similar, H7N9 virus infection of upper respiratory tract infection in the lower respiratory tract than more easy, but the difference is, H7N9 virus adhesion of the lower respiratory tract in much larger number of epithelial cells, the characteristics and H7N9 The highly pathogenic virus showed consistent. 　　

On the other hand, H7N9 virus can be more concentrated than other viral adhesion of the turbinates, trachea and bronchial ciliated cells, suggesting that it also has the potential for effective human to human transmission. 　　
Study leader, Erasmus University Tice Kai Ken said, H7N9 virus adhesion pattern in the previous avian influenza virus has never been observed before, that it "has both cause serious lung diseases have effective among people spread may. " But he also stressed that the virus in the host cell adhesion is just the first step in the replication, take other steps of viral replication and the host response, etc. into account, in order to fully understand the H7N9 virus pandemic potential.

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