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Who defines clades? How is it decided that a new one needs to be defined etc.? How many levels can it go to 2.2.2.1 etc.?
Just wondered.
They are defined by phylogenetic trees (which have limitations because the polymorphisms jump due to recombination). There have not been official breakdowns of 2.2, but the breakdowns will be as described in commentaries.
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(in German)
found in Eschefeld near a big pond
lots of ponds in that region :
Traslation:
New cases of suspicion in Saxonia after the outbreak of the animal epidemic in Nuernberg called, see German experts to increased watchfulness however altogether no intensified risk situation. The authorities of the city expanded its safety precautions. In Saxonia meanwhile three dead swans were found. A first test proved the dangerous bird flu virus H5N1.
After the occurance of of the bird flu in Nuernberg also in Saxonia infected animals were found. Three dead swans were discovered in glad castle south of Leipzig, reported the Saxonian Ministry of Health. A first test proved the dangerous bird flu virus H5N1. At present further investigations ran at Bundesinstitut for animal health on the Baltic Sea island Riems. Only if the results were present, concrete measures were decided. In Saxonia in the previous year the bird flu in a utilizable animal existence had broken out.
The Lands of the Federal Republic should examine their bird flu of risk areas after the six confirmed H5N1-Faellen, recommended the president of the Friedrich Loeffler institute (FLI), Thomas's C Mettenleiter. "we must watch out that the virus is in-carried not into a utilizable poultry existence", said it on the island Riems.
According to data of the institute the Nuernberger of cases is the first H5N1-infizierten of game birds in Europe since August 2006. At that time a swan was infected in the Dresdner zoo. Since that time the exciters in Europe were proven only in poultry farms.
Safety precautions in Nuernberg
In Nuernberg intensified the authorities the safety precautions meanwhile. Local waters are to be searched in the future two times daily for animals ended. The restricted area was extended by individual surfaces. "our goal is it to prevent the further propagation of the animal epidemic", said mayor Ulrich Maly (SPD). A direct danger for humans does not exist however.
So far in Nuernberg altogether 18 dead birds were discovered. With six of them it is certain that they were infected with also the bird flu virus H5N1 dangerous for humans. The authorities try now to prevent a spreading of the virus to breed poultry. As reported 57 poultry owners with altogether scarcely 2600 pieces poultry are affected by the restricted area with approximately four kilometers radius, how a spokeswoman of the city had explained. The animals must remain and not be allowed in the stable to be sold. Parkwaechter are strengthen the linen obligation for dogs to control.
Consultation over loosening the stable obligation federal Secretary of Agriculture refuge Seehofer (CSU) generally does not estimate the risk by the bird flu more highly than so far. "that did not change so far", commentated a Ministry spokeswoman in Berlin. The Upper House of Parliament wants to advise in the coming week over a loosening of the stable obligation for poultry. Then the countries are to be able to decide larger exceptions. "it remains with the conditions, if we have to do it further with a local happening", said the spokeswoman.
Development of the bird flu under observation since autumn 2006 in the German bird flu monitoring program approximately 12,000 dead game birds were examined for the exciters, supplemental Mettenleiter. The outbreak of the bird flu at the end of January in a poultry farm in Hungary, the subsequent outbreak in a farm in Great Britain as well as the proof of the epidemic one week ago in a Truthahnbestand in Tschechien would have shown that the virus was present still in Europe.
Inoculation debate The Federal Government continues to reject a precautionary inoculating of poultry at present. "we are about to develop on the island Riems a vaccine with which one infected a Ministry spokeswoman of inoculated animals differentiate can", said. This suitable vaccine must be present however only. The Greens and FDP penetrate however on inoculating instead of killing. "either we ignore the stable obligation for the inoculation of the animals or become the permanent phenomenon", warned Green parliamentary group vice Baerbel Hoehn. The FDP parliamentary group demanded to advance the research more strongly. The parliamentary group that linking called the research gaps to the bird flu concern exciting.
Precaution for Pandemie case Germany is sufficiently for the case prepared that the virus H5N1 mutated and a world-wide Grippepandemie could release, said the social minister and chairman of Baden-Wuerttemberg of the conference of minister of health Monika pride (CDU) the trade paper. According to data of the newspaper only six of the 16 Lands of the Federal Republic for 20 per cent of the population put on a medicine supply. But are itself federation and countries in the meantime united that the supplies with flu medicines are sufficient to supply each gotten sick one since in the meantime many institutions over own supplies ordered and the manufacturers their production capacities substantial would have developed.
very good ! They should use that for all genbank-entries.
Also the date of collection, not only the sampling date.
Also species, (estimated)age and sex and weight.
and estimated date of infection/death
very good ! They should use that for all genbank-entries.
Also the date of collection, not only the sampling date.
Also species, (estimated)age and sex and weight.
and estimated date of infection/death
Yes, that is why they had 6 seperate listings, so the coordinates could be entered for each H5N1 positive bird.
apparantly birds still swim on the Silbersee which is dirty and contaminated.
Wonder whether they find food there.
The Canada goose was on the Silbersee, while the 5 swans were
on Woerder lake.
Speaking of Europe, the coordinates for the turkey farm in the Czech Republic are 49.9411 16.2351 (which along with Leipez make an interesting triangle in the heart of western Europe)
Of Jens Lubbadeh An old acquaintance announced itself in Germany again back: H5N1, the exciter of the bird flu, was discovered in the middle in dead game birds in Nuernberg. Do we have to become panisch now? No. Not because of H5N1. For a panic there are many better candidates. The bird flu is back in Germany, after one had nearly already again forgotten it. With six dead birds in Nuernberg the dangerous H5N1-Virus was determined. And again there is the always-same pictures, those by the media spirit: Men in white schutzanzuegen, breathing masks and rubber gloves, which in-collect dead birds in plastic bags.
It was never really away, the bird flu. "we are assumed that that the virus is still present, we it however not see active always", said Elke Reinking of Friedrich Loeffler Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut after the finds in Nuernberg. At H5N1-infizierte of birds we will have ourselves to thus accustom. As in a reservoir the virus in the game birds schlummert, and those get along with it usually well. Panic is not necessary. Already recover to caution, as long as one comes the Vogelkadavern not too close, no danger exists. Against migratory birds nothing protects us at the latest since February 2006, when the first swans on ruegen, died at bird flu, were found, is clear everyone: Also viruses are part of the globalization. Against terrorism one cannot rig, before migratory birds protects us anything. One can only react - and then also only with rough methods such as Massenkeulungen and stable obligation
Even if the scientists stress again and again that H5N1 is primarily a bird virus - in the messages H5N1 comes differently more rueber. Only chickens in Asia, then swans in Eastern Europe, then cats. And at one time humans. First still in Asia. But it was obvious - the virus moved closer. Geographically as biological. Nevertheless: An infection danger for humans, then was called it again and again from expert side, is small and only with intensive contact with infected poultry available. And the victims had actually lived usually very closely with birds together. In addition was Asia far away. Felt at least. The virus was in the winter break as in Turkey several children at the exciter died - they had played with chicken heads and contact with the blood of the animals had had - had Europe its first bird-flu-dead. The fear had reached its high point. All talked at one time only about Tamiflu, beside Relenza the only medicine, which was to protect against the virus infection. Possibly. That was enough: The Pharmakonzern Roche came no longer afterwards with the production of the alleged protection. And with the money making also not.
t became sometime again calmly around H5N1. The summer came, Germany in the WM fever and the heat-sensitive virus of the image plane had disappeared. But only apparently, because the scientists warned of new outbreaks in the autumn and winter. But nothing happened. H5N1 went into the winter break. , then it was called the mild temperatures, the virus in chess would have held. Only in the spring 2007 there were then again new cases of infected birds - in Hungary and England. Now thus it goes again loosely: In Nuernberg H5N1 celebrates its comeback in Germany. Thus a new round panic? We do not have dear fear of bird as before people flu for it give it a reason. Until today at H5N1 world-wide 190 humans died. That is not anything compared to the numbers, which go on the account from malaria, HIV or yellow fever. Or on close relatives of H5N1: the people flu. Each year demands it thousands of victims - here in Germany. Robert-Koch-Institut per year on average reports 10,000 deaths by flu. In the particularly violent winter season 2002/2003 there was even 16,000 flu-dead. Numbers, in which nobody is interested. Instead we have humans dear fear of the bird as before the people flu. It is that foreigner, which unknown quantity, which exotic ones, which we are afraid so gladly. Schnoede flu - it does not seem to be suited for a formidable panic. At least not without an additive: Russia -, Siberia -, or bird flu should already be it, in order to make fear.
Tamiflu does not protect no more with all respect for the mutation ability of the virus and in full consciousness the fact that it already once a world-wide Pandemie - which came out Spanish flu - gave - and this also from a bird flu virus: This virus will not be it, of which one has to be afraid. Separate if necessary before one of its descendants. Tamiflu to strongholds will not bring anything, because Tamiflu resistant H5N1-Staemme was already found. Perhaps still there is no Pandemievirus and it one will also never give. Up to then it is more meaningful to concentrate on the material dangers. A measure would be for example to be able regular to be inoculated - against people flu.
Ein alter Bekannter hat sich in Deutschland zurück gemeldet: H5N1, der Erreger der Vogelgrippe, ist in toten Wildvögeln mitten in Nürnberg entdeckt worden...
The triangle doesn't mean much if the isolates don't match.
There are rumors the czech sequences match to isolates from Kuweit
I couldn't find confirmation to this
HAMBURG, June 27 (Reuters) - Germany must find the source of the outbreak of the lethal H5N1 strain of avian flu in wild birds, Agriculture Minister Horst Seehofer said on Wednesday.
Germany identified three cases of the H5N1 strain in wild swans on Tuesday in Leipzig in the eastern state of Saxony.
At the weekend, six wild birds in the southern city of Nuremberg tested positive for H5N1.
They were the first bird flu cases in Germany this year.
"The renewed appearance of bird flu in wild birds in Germany has surprised us in terms of the time," Seehofer said in a statement.
Despite the latest outbreaks, Germany has not raised its bird flu alert level, said Thomas Mettenleiter, head of the Friedrich-Loeffler national animal disease institute.
"We had always believed that the disease had not simply disappeared from us and this is reflected in the current risk assessment," he said.
German authorities said on Tuesday they were comparing the latest finds with viruses in outbreaks in Hungary and the Czech Republic to seek clues as to how the H5N1 strain entered the country.
The triangle doesn't mean much if the isolates don't match.
There are rumors the czech sequences match to isolates from Kuweit
I couldn't find confirmation to this
The isolates won't match. The triangle shows that the outbreaks are widespread, but in the heart of western Europe.
The isolates from Austria (Feb 2006) matched the healthy teal in the Nile Delta (Dec 2005). The sequences in Egypt in Dec 2005 were in western Europe in the fall of 2005 (but none were detected until 2006).
This was what I was trying to say. If the sequences won't match there is no explication for the coincidence and accumulation of all these cases.
Maybe it is due in part to encanced awakeness. The more people mind the more they find.
This was what I was trying to say. If the sequences won't match there is no explication for the coincidence and accumulation of all these cases.
Maybe it is due in part to encanced awakeness. The more people mind the more they find.
I think it is a combination of awareness and something that is leading to higher levels of H5N1 and death (all wild bird detection to date has been in dead birds involving multiple sub-clades, and in many instances, like the current German outbreaks or the positive in southern Czech Republic, there are no reported cases on farms).
The H5N1 has been in western Europe since the fall of 2005, but detection has been sporatic.
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