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Vaccins: recherche et développement Informations sur les récentes découvertes et l’avancement des travaux.

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Old November 16th, 2012, 09:45 AM
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Default États-Unis - Un comité consultatif de la FDA a voté en faveur d'un vaccin contre la grippe aviaire hautement pathogène H5N1 fabriqué au Québec

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La FDA approuve un vaccin contre la grippe aviaire

Par MICHAEL SMITH
16 novembre 2012

Un comité consultatif de la FDA a voté en faveur d'un vaccin contre la grippe aviaire hautement pathogène H5N1 qui serait stocké et utilisé en cas de pandémie.

Par doubles votes de 14-0, le comité a convenu que l'immunogénicité et l'innocuité du vaccin, fabriqué au Québec par GlaxoSmithKline, ont suffi à satisfaire aux normes d'octroi de licences en vertu des règlements d'approbation accélérée.

Ces règles - énoncées en 2007 - permettent l'approbation rapide d'un vaccin sur la base de marqueurs qui sont susceptibles de prédire un bénéfice clinique. Dans le cas de ce vaccin, baptisé Q-Pan H5N1, le marqueur de substitution a été la réponse anticorps mesurée par une inhibition de l'hémagglutination (HI) test.

Les experts de la grippe ont surveillé la grippe aviaire H5N1 depuis des années, craignant qu'elle mute d'une manière qui lui permettrait de se propager aussi facilement chez les humains que chez les oiseaux domestiques et sauvages.

Actuellement, le virus infecte rarement les humains, mais quand il le fait, il est très dangereux. En date du 10 août, selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, il y a eu 608 cas depuis 2003 - dont 359 se terminant par la mort.

Le vaccin Q-Pan H5N1, développé sous contrat avec le ministère de la Santé et des Services humains, se compose d'un vaccin monovalent, inactivé, fragmenté d'antigène du virus influenza A/H5N1 et de l'adjuvant Glaxo AS03.

Dans les essais cliniques, les événements indésirables les plus fréquents étaient la douleur au site d'injection et de l'enflure, des douleurs musculaires, maux de tête, de la fatigue, des douleurs articulaires, des frissons et des sueurs, selon des documents d'information préparés par les examinateurs de la FDA personnel.

Les taux de ces événements ont augmenté par rapport à l'antigène H5N1 sans adjuvant ou un placebo salin.

D'autre part, les réponses immunitaires à la vaccination ont été meilleures que pour l'antigène H5N1 sans adjuvant.

La FDA n'a pas à suivre les recommandations de ses comités consultatifs, mais elle le fait habituellement.

«Nous attendons maintenant avec impatience la décision finale de la FDA plus tard cette année," Bruce Innis, vice-président de la découverte et développement de vaccins de Glaxo, a déclaré dans un communiqué.

...
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/fda-pan...ry?id=17732306
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