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July 10th, 2009, 09:34 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by AlaskaDenise
That answers a long standing question - that WSN is lab created and only W-S is natural. Thanks.
Very scarey genes there.
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No. WSN/33 was SELECTED. Viral isolates are MIXTURES and components can be selected through appropriate selection measures.
Prior to Qinghai Lake, all H5N1 with PB2 E627K were from isolates that passaged through mammals (like mouse brain - same as WSN/33 or humans in Hong Kong and Vietnam).
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July 10th, 2009, 12:39 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
More NA matches
gb|GQ369275.1| Influenza A virus (A/Stockholm/37/2009(H1N1)) ... 2224 0.0
gb|GQ365448.1| Influenza A virus (A/Sapporo/1/2009(H1N1)) seg... 2224 0.0
gb|GQ355297.1| Influenza A virus (A/Catalonia/387/2009(H1N1))... 2224 0.0
gb|GQ160533.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/01/2009(H1N1))... 2224 0.0
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July 11th, 2009, 05:51 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
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It is worth noting that in addition to the patient in Hong Kong, the sequences in Sweden and Japan were from patients who had traveled from the US in June, yet the only matching sequence from the United States was from a Bergen county woman infected in April in New Jersey.
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July 11th, 2009, 08:14 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Likely description of Sapporo/1
Thursday, June 11, 2009
Comprehensive Measures Division Department of Health and Welfare Health Center of Infectious Diseases, Sapporo, Japan
Contact:觜three fine Sea Phone :622 -5199
Avian flu in Sapporo (influenza A/H1N1)
The incidence of patients (II)
2009 Thursday, June 11 for the simulated patient on the afternoon of avian flu
And, provided it has been confirmed as avian flu patients.
And item description
Teens age 20 years (men)
Runny nose symptoms, cough, chills, fever (37.3 degrees)
Travel Awards
Thursday, June 4 from Monday, June 8 United States (Hawaii)
Stay in Tuesday, June 9 return.
Designated medical institutions for infectious diseases
Hospitalized
Thursday, June 11 Officials at the time, the infection ward of Sapporo Municipal Hospital
Hospitalization.
The patient's condition is stable.
Route of infection is estimated to be U.S. (Hawaii) estimated that in the infected site.
Availability of tests
Thursday, June 11 morning, the health center physician, rapid diagnostic kits
The tests confirmed that influenza A-positive, doubtful
Similar patient and determined.
Samples (nasal swab) and sent to the Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, PCR
We conducted the tests, Thursday, June 11 after six o'clock in the afternoon, the new
Was found positive for influenza.
How to detect
Thursday, June 11 around 9:15 minutes, from the person to health centers, "with
From a friend I went to Hawaii, from the accompany of avian flu
Contact with the patient occurred. "There was a consultation.
Summary details of the action is as attached.
Notes
As dense contacts, and patients who live with the name of an oral prevention drug
http://www.city.sapporo.jp/city/infl...0611hassei.pdf
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July 11th, 2009, 08:26 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Summary of action
日 時 Date
行動概要・症状等 Overview of symptoms and behavioral
６月４日 June 4
ハワイへ出国 Left for Hawaii
６月８日 June 8
倦怠感 Fatigue
６月９日 June 9
１５時３０分 15:30
１９時３０分 19:30
２１時０５分 21:05
ハワイから帰国 成田国際空港到着 ＪＯ ０７３便 Narita International Airport and arrived back from Hawaii flights JO 073
空港内飲食店で食事 Meal at a restaurant in the airport
バスを利用し、羽田空港に到着 The bus arrived at Haneda Airport
新千歳空港到着 ＪＡＬ５４５便 New Chitose Airport Flight Arrival JAL545
ＪＲを利用し、札幌駅到着 JR uses the arrival of Sapporo Station
札幌駅から徒歩で自宅まで帰宅 Walk from home to home in Sapporo
６月１０日 June 10
外出なし No go
咳症状出現 Symptomatic cough
６月１１日 June 11
９時１５分頃 Around 9:15 minutes
１０時２０分頃 Around 10:20 minutes
１２時３０分 12:30
本人から保健所に相談あり In his talk to a health center from
発熱（３７．３度） Fever (37.3 degrees)
迅速診断キットによる検査を実施（Ａ型陽性） Rapid diagnostic test kits conducted by (A-positive)
市立札幌病院に入院 Sapporo Municipal Hospital
別紙 Attachment
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July 11th, 2009, 08:37 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
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July 11th, 2009, 09:54 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
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July 11th, 2009, 10:24 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
I'm not sure I follow the Jersey Girl argument and the lack of monitoring. While agree that we are likely find more examples of Tamiflu resistant Swine Flu, the following sequences seem to be closely related to Jersey Girl:
New York/1682
New York/3183
New York/3099
New York/3100
Delaware/04
Delaware/05
Delaware/06
Delaware/07
Delaware/08
Maryland/05
District of Columbia/02
New Hampshire/02
If that is the case, then monitoring seems to be going reasonably well. Clearly a couple of hundred more labs would be nice, but the ones we have are serving us as best they can.
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July 11th, 2009, 10:59 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by Mamabird
I'm not sure I follow the Jersey Girl argument and the lack of monitoring. While agree that we are likely find more examples of Tamiflu resistant Swine Flu, the following sequences seem to be closely related to Jersey Girl:
New York/1682
New York/3183
New York/3099
New York/3100
Delaware/04
Delaware/05
Delaware/06
Delaware/07
Delaware/08
Maryland/05
District of Columbia/02
New Hampshire/02
If that is the case, then monitoring seems to be going reasonably well. Clearly a couple of hundred more labs would be nice, but the ones we have are serving us as best they can.
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Close, but no cigar. The point is exact matches (at the nucleotide level) are being found in Hong Kong, Japan, Spain, and Sweden, and the detection is in patients flying out of the US, yet the only US match is from April.
Thus, this sequence serves as a marker of efforts to find this precursor, with or without H274Y, yet the only sites detecting it are outside the US, but are detecting it in travelers FROM the US. Thus, the identical sequences are widespread in the US and have been since April, but the number of matches by labs in the US since April remains at ZERO.
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July 11th, 2009, 11:59 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
Close, but no cigar. The point is exact matches (at the nucleotide level) are being found in Hong Kong, Japan, Spain, and Sweden, and the detection is in patients flying out of the US, yet the only US match is from April.
Thus, this sequence serves as a marker of efforts to find this precursor, with or without H274Y, yet the only sites detecting it are outside the US, but are detecting it in travelers FROM the US. Thus, the identical sequences are widespread in the US and have been since April, but the number of matches by labs in the US since April remains at ZERO.
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Well, my sense is that we will soon find additional patients will Tamiflu resistant viruses, but that they will not necessarily exactly match those that you have sited. Wisely, the CDC and California have stepped up surveillance in the area of the last detection, so their concern (and yours) is being actively investigated.
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July 11th, 2009, 12:08 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by Mamabird
Well, my sense is that we will soon find additional patients will Tamiflu resistant viruses, but that they will not necessarily exactly match those that you have sited. Wisely, the CDC and California have stepped up surveillance in the area of the last detection, so their concern (and yours) is being actively investigated.
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I agree that more will be found. I expect it to evolve as happened with H274Y in seasonal H1N1. The evolution and spread could be monitored via phylogenetic analysis, and sub-clades were defined by various branches on the tree. Not all branches were formed by non-synonymous changes, and the synonymous changes made it easy to follow the evolution.
The branch with the Hong Kong isolate has the New Jersey sequence from April, as well as the recent isolates from Japan, Sweden, and Spain, but no other isolates from the US, signaling a need to pick up surveillance because even if the isolates are Tamiflu sensitive, there should be matches in San Francisco, Hawaii, and where ever the toddler in Sweden originated. If all of these other countries can find precursors (in travelers from the US), but the US can't, then there is a significant US surveillance shortfall (and if the precursor, which is widespread, is being missed, then Tamiflu resistant versions will also be missed).
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July 11th, 2009, 03:19 PM
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Editor, Senior Moderator
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
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Commentary
Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Surveillance Failures in US
Recombinomics Commentary 14:41
July 11, 2009
The recent report of osletamivir resistant pandemic H1N1 in Hong Kong in a traveler (16F) from San Francisco, A/Hong Kong 2369/2009 raised concerns because the traveler had not take osletamivir and her case was mild. She recovered without any antiviral treatment, but the presence of H274Y raised concerns that resistant virus was silently circulating because most mild cases in the United States were no longer tested or reported.
The publication of the sequence increased concerns, because the NA sequence, except for H274Y, exactly matched the sequence from the first case in New Jersey, A/New Jersey/1/2009, a Bergen county women (22F) infected in April. Since the Hong Kong case was in June, the identity between the two sequences indicated that the virus had spread across the United States undetected between April and June, and was only detected when it was exported to Hong Kong, through routine osletamivir resistant testing of pandemic isolates.
The sequence in Hong Kong matched a sequence from Japan, A/Sapporo/1/2009, which was published in Genbank a few days later. Like New Jersey, the Japan sequence did not have H274Y, but it also was detected in a traveler (20M) from the United States (Hawaii), increasing concerns that this sequence was transmitting in the United States undetected.
The next day, two more sequences were released. One was a partial NA sequence from Catalonia, Spain (A/Catalonia/387/2009), which also exactly matched the sequence from New Jersey and Japan, while the other was from Vastra Gotalands , Sweden (A/Stockholm/37/2009), which also matched the above sequences, but had one additional change. The isolate from Sweden was also from a traveler (2M) from the United States. Both isolates were also from patients infected in June, so the Tamiflu flu resistant sequence, or precursor, was detected in Hong Kong, China, Sapporo, Japan, Catalonia, Spain, and Vastra Gotalands, Sweden in the month of June, and at least three of the four isolates were from patients traveling from the United States. However, the only match in isolates from the United States was in a New Jersey patient infected in April.
The export of infections from a country not reporting corresponding infections signals a poor surveillance system. Although the number of sequences from the United States is the highest in the world, the failure to identify the oseltamivir resistant precursor sequences matching those found worldwide in travelers from United States is cause for concern.
After the resistant isolate was announced, assurances were given, citing on the lack of detection of resistance in the United States. This failure however may be due an emphasis on severe cases and lack of testing of mild cases. Moreover, even if precursor sequences are detected, a low abundance version would not be identified in a consensus sequence.
In any event, the failure to identify the precursor since April, when the sequence is detected worldwide in June travelers from the United States, raises serious concerns about surveillance programs which focus efforts on severe cases and largely ignore milder cases.
.
__________________
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July 11th, 2009, 03:42 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Are the viruses from the more severe or fatal cases in the US (and elsewhere) being sequenced? From what I've seen in the news, it appears that few are being sequenced. Have any of the viruses responsible for the fatalities in Argentina been sequenced?
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July 11th, 2009, 07:19 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by Zac
Are the viruses from the more severe or fatal cases in the US (and elsewhere) being sequenced? From what I've seen in the news, it appears that few are being sequenced. Have any of the viruses responsible for the fatalities in Argentina been sequenced?
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There are no recent public sequences from Argentina.
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July 13th, 2009, 05:49 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Note from HK SAR:
A resistant strain?
(...)
[On the Filipino patient in critical conditions]
Secretary for Food and Health:
I do not have the detailed information regarding this particular patient, but I think she is still in a critical condition in the intensive care unit of the United Christian Hospital. Whether Hong Kong has a fatal case or not will not affect our emergency measures at the moment. Of course, we will investigate the nature of the virus. We are doing genetic sequencing to see whether there is any significant change of the virus.
(...)
From: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/2...0907130139.htm
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July 13th, 2009, 06:30 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by ironorehopper
Note from HK SAR:
A resistant strain?
(...)
[On the Filipino patient in critical conditions]
Secretary for Food and Health:
I do not have the detailed information regarding this particular patient, but I think she is still in a critical condition in the intensive care unit of the United Christian Hospital. Whether Hong Kong has a fatal case or not will not affect our emergency measures at the moment. Of course, we will investigate the nature of the virus. We are doing genetic sequencing to see whether there is any significant change of the virus.
(...)
From: http://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/2...0907130139.htm |
Yes, they switched from Tamiflu to Relenza and by now that should have a sequence (at least in the region encompassing H274Y).
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July 16th, 2009, 12:03 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
The Tamiflu resistant precursor is spreading in Spain. The most recent additions were collected this month (July 3), yet the number of recent sequences (since April) in the US remains at ZERO.
HA sequence hasn't been released, but it likely has D225E.
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July 16th, 2009, 12:08 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
The Tamiflu resistant precursor is spreading in Spain. The most recent additions were collected this month (July 3), yet the number of recent sequences (since April) in the US remains at ZERO.
HA sequence hasn't been released, but it likely has D225E.
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Agreed, and S206T as well.
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July 16th, 2009, 12:45 PM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Another possible case of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 2009 virus infection in Belgium: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/View...rticleId=19270
(...)
No complications have been detected so far.
One confirmed case, already under treatment with oseltamivir, was hospitalised because influenza symptoms persisted and the patient had asthma as underlying condition.
Respiratory samples from this patient are currently being cultured and tested for resistance against oseltamivir.
One pregnant woman was confirmed to be infected with influenza A(H1N1)v.
Information on underlying factors for the other 41 patients was not available.
(...)
-
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
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Same travel log (Jun 22 isolate from China)
LOCUS GQ396511 1332 bp cRNA linear VRL 22-JUL-2009
DEFINITION Influenza A virus (A/Changsha/05/2009(H1N1)) segment 6
nonfunctional neuraminidase (NA) gene, partial sequence.
ACCESSION GQ396511
VERSION GQ396511.1 GI:254575147
DBLINK Project: 37813
KEYWORDS .
SOURCE Influenza A virus (A/Changsha/05/2009(H1N1))
ORGANISM Influenza A virus (A/Changsha/05/2009(H1N1))
Viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Orthomyxoviridae;
Influenzavirus A.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1332)
AUTHORS Zhang,R.S., Su,L. and Ou,X.H.
TITLE Direct Submission
JOURNAL Submitted (21-JUL-2009) Center for Disease Control and Prevention
of Changsha, Chang Sha, Hunan 410000, China
COMMENT Swine influenza A (H1N1) virus isolated during human swine flu
outbreak of 2009.
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..1332
/organism="Influenza A virus (A/Changsha/05/2009(H1N1))"
/mol_type="viral cRNA"
/strain="A/Changsha/05/2009"
/serotype="H1N1"
/isolation_source="nasopharyngeal"
/host="Homo sapiens"
/db_xref="taxon: 660566"
/segment="6"
/country="China"
/collection_date="22-Jun-2009"
/note="lineage: swl"
gene <1..1320
/gene="NA"
misc_feature <1..1320
/gene="NA"
/note="nonfunctional neuraminidase due to mutation"
ORIGIN
1 tcaatatgga ttagccactc aattcaactt gggaatcaaa atcagattga aacatgcaat
61 caaagcgtca ttacttatga aaacaacact tgggtaaatc agacatatgt taacatcagc
121 aacaccaact ttgctgctgg acagtcagtg gtttccgtga aattagcggg caattcctct
181 ctctgccctg ttagtggatg ggctatatac agtaaagaca acagtataag aatcggttcc
241 aagggggatg tgtttgtcat aagggaacca ttcatatcat gctccccctt ggaatgcaga
301 accttcttct tgactcaagg ggccttgcta aatgacaaac attccaatgg aaccattaaa
361 gacaggagcc catatcgaac cctaatgagc tgtcctattg gtgaagttcc ctctccatac
421 aactcatgat ttgagtcagt cgcttggtca gcaagtgctt gtcatgatgg catcaattgg
481 ctaacaattg gaatttctgg cccagacaat ggggcagtgg ctgtgttaaa gtacaacggc
541 ataataacag acactatcaa gagttggaga aacaatatat tgagaacaca agagtctgaa
601 tgtgcatgtg taaatggttc ttgctttact gtaatgaccg atggaccaag tgatggacag
661 gcctcataca agatcttcag aatagaaaag ggaaagatag tcaaatcagt cgaaatgaat
721 gcccctaatt atcactatga ggaatgctcc tgttatcctg attctagtga aatcacatgt
781 gtatgcaggg ataactggca tggctcgaat cgaccgtggg tgtctttcaa ccagaatctg
841 gaatatcaga taggatacat atgcagtggg attttcggag acaatccacg ccctaatgat
901 aagacaggca gttgtggtcc agtatcgtct aatggagcaa atggagtaaa aggattttca
961 ttcaaatacg gcaatggtgt ttggataggg agaactaaaa gcattagttc aagaaacggt
1021 tttgagatga tttgggatcc gaacggatgg actgggacag acaataactt ctcaataaag
1081 caagatatcg taggaataaa tgagtggtca ggatatagcg ggagttttgt tcagcatcca
1141 gaactaacag ggctggattg tataagacct tgcttctggg ttgaactaat cagagggcga
1201 cccaaagaga acacaatctg gactagcggg agcagcatat ccttttgtgg tgtaaacagt
1261 gacactgtgg gttggtcttg gccagacggt gctgagttgc catttaccat tgacaagtaa
1321 tttgttcaaa aa
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July 23rd, 2009, 05:23 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
Over 90% of polymorphisms in 1918 can be found in the two H1N1 viruses (human and swine) from the 1930's (the two 1930's viruses represent what was circulating prior to 1918).
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Another HA travel log for Sapporro/1
gb|GQ365446.1| Influenza A virus (A/Sapporo/1/2009(H1N1)) seg... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040594.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/4511... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040543.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/7386... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040510.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ohio/63607-32/2008(... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040509.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040508.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040504.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040503.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040502.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040501.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040500.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/6360... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040497.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/225-... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040496.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/225-... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040495.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/225-... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040494.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/225-... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040493.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Missouri/63607-16/2... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040490.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/63607-40/... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040486.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/63607-31/... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040485.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/63607-30/... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040483.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/63607-26/... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040480.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/63607-15/... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040479.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/63607-12/... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040477.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/225-5/200... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040476.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/225-4/200... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040475.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/225-3/200... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040471.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/63607-23/2008(... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040468.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/63607-1/2008 (... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040466.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/225-8/2008(H1N... 34.2 2.9
gb|CY040461.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Illinois/225-1/2008... 34.2 2.9
gb|FJ986621.1| Influenza A virus (A/Ohio/02/2007(H1N1)) segme... 34.2 2.9
gb|FJ986620.1| Influenza A virus (A/Ohio/01/2007(H1N1)) segme... 34.2 2.9
gb|EU604689.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/OH/511445/2007(H1N1... 34.2 2.9
gb|EU409960.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ohio/C62006/06(H1N1... 34.2 2.9
gb|EU409948.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ohio/24366/07(H1N1)... 34.2 2.9
gb|AY060052.1| Influenza A virus (A/SW/MN/17138/01(H1N2)) hem... 34.2 2.9
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July 23rd, 2009, 06:19 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
The two Ohio human isolates are swine triple reassortants.
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July 23rd, 2009, 09:30 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
The two Ohio human isolates are swine triple reassortants.
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The two Ohio human isolates closely match the Ohio source swine isolate.
Not so with the swine isolates in Alberta, Canada. They do not closely match the human Swine Flu virus H1N1.
It makes one wonder how long the Canadian pig herd had been infected to accumulate that many changes? Probably not a recent human infection being passed on as had been speculated.
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July 23rd, 2009, 10:32 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Perhaps we will have a better understanding of just how quickly this pandemic virus changes when a human infects a pig once the Argentina swine isolates are released to the public.
If we do not see changes, especially in the more highly conserved gene segments, then we should revisit the Canadian event.
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July 23rd, 2009, 10:33 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by Mamabird
The two Ohio human isolates closely match the Ohio source swine isolate.
Not so with the swine isolates in Alberta, Canada. They do not closely match the human Swine Flu virus H1N1.
It makes one wonder how long the Canadian pig herd had been infected to accumulate that many changes? Probably not a recent human infection being passed on as had been speculated.
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Correct. The swine were not very sick (no fatalities and just a cough) and surveillance (as well as relase of sequences) is/was poor.
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July 23rd, 2009, 11:22 AM
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Re: Tamiflu Resistant Pandemic H1N1 Sequence Released (Hong Kong)
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman
The Tamiflu resistant precursor is spreading in Spain. The most recent additions were collected this month (July 3), yet the number of recent sequences (since April) in the US remains at ZERO.
HA sequence hasn't been released, but it likely has D225E.
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Catalonia/378 HA (Spain) is actually closer match to Hong Kong Tamiflu resistant strain than Sapporo/1. Has your D225E, plus S206T and P300S.
Italy/172 also has these unique HA markers, but no NA available yet.
Point is, these precursers are circulating widely and must be monitored.
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