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  • Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

    Veterinary services recognize ..
    There is no Egypt vaccines for avian goats
    Thursday, December 17th, 2009 - 13:22


    Agriculture confirms that the disease did not enter Egypt until now writes Mr. Mahfouz

    An official source at the Veterinary Services Authority for the lack of vaccines used in the treatment of animals infected with "Kozhela Bronte" known media bird goats in Egypt, he offers many of the antibiotics for the treatment of human rights in the cases of the disease, and these antibiotics according to the source of the "Kifolon Group Dogs. "

    The source pointed out that the vaccines used in the treatment of avian flu, goat found only in the Netherlands and some affected countries, stressing that the disease has never once entered Egypt, as they never have any cases of injury, whether man or animal.

    The source said, declining to be named, said the disease that hit the goats in the Netherlands is a disease of bacterial, viral, and not, as rumored, indicating that the cows and goats are the repository of the disease that affects cattle, goats, sheep, cats and dogs and cause a miscarriage.

    He added that this type of bacteria resistant to heat and drought, and can persist in the environment for long periods so that humans through inhalation injury and severe symptoms similar to flu symptoms and these symptoms continue from one week to two weeks, adding that it was humans chronic injury, a serious injury because it affects the heart muscle and cause the death of 65% of the affected individual.

    The source explained that the bacteria "Kozhela" graduated with animal milk secretions, urine, secretions of birth abortion, and lies in the goat hair or on the ground and then flying to inhale rights and who gets the disease.

    The source revealed that the disease is not transmitted between humans, except in very rare cases and it is not transmitted by insects or mosquitoes as well.

    The Dutch government has recently announced the emergence of a new disease called it influenza goats, so I decided to slaughter all female goats, and published by some news agencies about the presence of injuries to several countries, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the UAE.

  • #2
    Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

    "Avian goats" was likely "goat flu" in the original Arabic - Google translator frequently susbstitutes the word "avian" or "bird" for flu, since most of the Arabic articles put into Google translator for the past few years involved the words "bird flu" together. At least this time, there is no danger of a mistranslation producing false reports of a co-infection - we know that "bird goats" or equivalent phrases means "goat flu", Q fever. When "pig flu" turned into "pig bird", that became "pig and bird" which some people mistook as a co-infection. A co-infection of H1N1 and Q fever is incredibly unlikely, whereas a co-infection between H1N1 and H5N1 is one of the things we fear.

    Secondly, "goat flu" is not influenza at all - it is a bacterial disease that is utterly unrelated to influenza.

    But more intesresting is the mention of "Kozhela", which is how Google translates the Arabic for Coxiella, the genus of the bacteria. That gives us a good idea of how Google translate handles the names of bacteria, and gives me more confidence in the mistranslation of Klebsiella as "Claibsomnia" in the Libyan plague thread over the summer.

    Perhaps we at FT need a special thread with a disclaimer, because I suspect we are about to see a bunch of mangled articles about "goat flu".
    Last edited by alert; December 17, 2009, 12:20 PM. Reason: typos, coinfection comment

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    • #3
      Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

      yes this is the fourth article i read locally. all indicate the same thing.that its not a flu in the sense of influenza. the arabic articles all use the correct written form of the words for goat and influenza.its the goggle translation tool, as indicated by alert.

      Comment


      • #4
        Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

        I cannot read or speak Arabic, so I cannot be sure, but I have a guess as to what is going on. There are medical terms that simply do not have Arabic equivalents. A good example of this seems to be bacterial names like Klebsiella and Coxiella. I believe what the writers do is use symbols that phonetically sound like the sounds the English/Latinate letters make. And each author makes his own choice (that is why Coxiella turns into both Koksila and Kohsela). Google translates the expression back phonetically as well, so we just get the above spellings. This is not particular to Arabic - it seems that in Russian, where the pandemic virus is known as California flu, the same thing occurs, often resulting in Karliforniya and other such variants. I have seen a Chinese to English Google translation turn Ebola into Yibola. I believe that is the result of translating from English into languages that do not use Latinate letters. Keep in mind that these spellings are actually the result of two translations, at least one of which is a machine translation.

        As far as the insertion of "avian" and "bird" in place of flu, Twall is right. That is a Google error, and Google should fix it. Arabic almost certainly has different words for "flu" and "bird" (both those words make sense independently of each other or any translator), and Google seems to have mistakenly translated both words as "bird". And that error seems peculiar to the Arabic translator, just as the Russian to English translator turns ARI into SARS.

        Perhaps a moderator should copy some of the above posts into a thread in the tracking section of FT so that more people can see what is going on.

        Comment


        • #5
          Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

          Originally posted by alert View Post

          Perhaps a moderator should copy some of the above posts into a thread in the tracking section of FT so that more people can see what is going on.
          Apparently nothing is going on regarding Q fever in Egypt? So why copy posts?
          ?Addressing chronic disease is an issue of human rights ? that must be our call to arms"
          Richard Horton, Editor-in-Chief The Lancet

          ~~~~ Twitter:@GertvanderHoek ~~~ GertvanderHoek@gmail.com ~~~

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          • #6
            Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

            I was suggesting it as an example of what the Google translator is doing to both the word "flu" and names of bacteria. I was suggesting putting a copy into the "tips for tracking" forum (not the news forum - sorry for the confusion), to leave a record of how Google handles such things in case it becomes an issue it a future outbreak of something else. Arabic seems to be an important language for tracking H5N1. I actually wish the original post had contained both the English and Arabic.

            But you're right - there is no Q fever in Egypt. And we could always find this thread by just searching FT for "Kohsela" or one of the other translations. So you're probably right about not duplicating.

            And I just re-read the original article - it actually calls the agent "Kohsela Bronte" - the correct spelling would be Coxiella Burnetii.

            Comment


            • #7
              Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

              I see what you mean , copied your post here (edited a little) :

              ?Addressing chronic disease is an issue of human rights ? that must be our call to arms"
              Richard Horton, Editor-in-Chief The Lancet

              ~~~~ Twitter:@GertvanderHoek ~~~ GertvanderHoek@gmail.com ~~~

              Comment


              • #8
                Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

                Well one day has passed and now we sing a new tune.
                my edit is in (blue)

                Demands to stop importing meat from countries affected by bird goats ..
                Veterinary Services recognizes (Admits Q-Fever) Bjrdonflonza goats in Egypt
                Friday, December 18th, 2009 - 15:43


                Dr. Hamed Samaha chairman of General Authority for Veterinary Services
                Mr. Mahfouz books


                Dr. Hamed Samaha admitted [B]Chairman of the Authority for Veterinary Services officially acknowledge the existence of avian flu, goats (q-fever)[/B] in Egypt, and his appearance in individual cases only, but played down the threat to humans and animals together, pointing out that the disease exists in all countries of the world since 1937 except for New Zealand, "We will not of a vaccine to immunize animals against avian goats, which spread in most countries of the world.

                He also admitted head of veterinary services, the measles vaccine used in immunization of animals is only available in the Netherlands, revealed that the tolerance for veterinary services lift an explanatory memorandum to the disease and the Minister of Agriculture Amin Abaza to discuss the possibility of importing vaccines for the disease, noting that raising a similar memorandum to the embassy Dutch Cairo to inquire about the latest developments of the disease but has not yet received a memorandum of the embassy.

                And the possibility of recourse to the slaughter of goats and sheep in the event of an outbreak of Egypt, the chairman of the services "of the disease for which treatment, if treatment is available, why resort to the slaughter?, And added: We can not lose the goats, sheep, Egypt."
                As for the possibility of a decision to stop importing live animals and slaughtered meat from countries with avian flu, goats revealed Samaha, that decision has not been so, but wait until the release of the final map of the situation and its spread in the world, especially countries that import them, explaining that the disease was not included in health organizations and international animal disease epidemic and in the event will include an immediate decision to stop imports.

                For his part, Dr Yousef Mamdouh student adviser to the President of the Commission, and Chairman of the Central Administration of the need to quarantine the former adopting a resolution to stop the import of live animals, meat cuts, especially as the disease is prevalent in all countries of the world comes at a time when Egypt is importing 65% of the total consumption of meat from most countries of the world, especially Europe and Latin America.

                The Mamdouh in a special statement for the seventh day to a lack of vaccines for immunization against fever goats known media bird goats, stressing that the only country that immunization is Australia, which is the only country that has vaccines for the disease, as is the build one.

                Mamdouh and demanded the need for the Veterinary Services Authority to issue a decision to import the vaccine, a preventive measure to be followed.

                Comment


                • #9
                  Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

                  Q Fever is a global pathogen - it would be very surprising if there was a country not affected by it.

                  There is NO reason to kill sheep or goats in Egypt unless those animals have actually tested positive for the bacteria. That would be a MASSIVE overreaction.

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

                    After news of the spread of avian goats ..
                    Sinai Bedouins fleeing to the mountains for fear of slaughter goats
                    Saturday, December 19th, 2009 - 14:01


                    Goats main source of income for Badawi Abdel-Halim Salem


                    Sinai Bedouins expressed their rejection of any ill-considered government decisions may be issued in the wake of talk about the spread of avian goats, pointing to the existence of more than 120 thousand goats live with the Bedouins and help them to life, which is what they have decided to escape to the mountains in the event of a decision to kill them.

                    Moses says Aldlh elders from the tribe Tarabin: "It is reasonable to slaughter Sinai wealth, people do not find what you live by the only goats and sheep," pointing out that they decided to use the goats to the mountains in the case of a decision to get rid of them because they live in the desert on the profession of herding.

                    Muhammad Salim Hassan, member of the local council from the center of Sinai, Bedouin can not live without it goats main source of development through their milk, skins and bones and meat, so Vzbhaa unacceptable.

                    Fri Aldlh Badawi said Tarabin tribe can not slaughter goats in Sinai for several reasons, sponsors often stay in the mountains can not access them and refuse to nomadic pastoralists it is their lives, goats at home playing with the children is the development is limited under the poverty suffered by the Sinai and the development of on paper we just do not believe the rumors about the flu goats, and slaughter would mean missing a great example you will find a wealth of more than 40 thousand goats "extortionist" carrying a number of goats in their bellies and wealth if Qdrnaha up to more than 64 million pounds to the 120 thousand goats in addition to being a breadwinner families who will replace the Sinai about it.

                    Salem added Akash'Aqeeli local council chairman of the North Sinai thought that it was necessary to slaughter herds of goats in Sinai is far from the pollution and the nature of life in the heart of the desert, pointing out that goats are very great wealth and investment for families is how all this sacrifice, adding that the Bedouins are dying without referring to the proliferation, also in Al-Arish in villages and in pens and are raised by thousands of parents.

                    Comment


                    • #11
                      Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

                      Confirmed that it would be to the intensity of Education ..
                      "Veterinary services" campaign begins to examine the goats and sheep
                      Sunday, December 20th, 2009 - 11:40


                      Dr. Hamed Samaha Chairman of the Commission
                      Mr. Mahfouz books


                      The General Authority for Veterinary Services in a series of preventive measures for disease, "fever anonymous" media known bird goats, where the formation of committees to examine the veterinary and veterinary check-more than 3 million goats and 2.5 million head of sheep.

                      Said Dr. Hamed Samaha Chairman, that the committees will be geographically distributed to all governorates of Egypt to the intensity of Education. Samaha said the committees will examine the veterinary animals, "sheep and goats" at the level of the Republic is scheduled to end before the flag of the month from now.

                      And the use by some Bedouin in the Sinai for the smuggling of sheep and goats that they own to the desert for fear of a decision to execute her, Samaha said: "We do not need to slaughter goats, due to lack of seriousness of the disease, and also to the presence of a cure," he said, "The Minister of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Amin Abaza, was prepared Ministry to import the vaccine for the disease in case of discovery of any injuries.

                      A number of veterinary experts have warned of the danger of avian flu goats in contact with animals, especially farmers, veterinarians and agricultural engineers, as one of the common diseases that spread casually.

                      Comment


                      • #12
                        Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

                        ?Veterinary services?: bird goats not transmitted between humans

                        كتب متولى سالم ٢٢/ ١٢/ ٢٠٠٩ Books Metwally Salem 22 / 12 / 2009
                        أعلنت الهيئة العامة للخدمات البيطرية، أن المرض الذى أعلن عنه مؤخراً فى هولندا، والذى أطلق عليه ?أنفلونزا الماعز?، هو مرض بكتيرى وليس فيروسيا، منوهة بأنه مرض معروف منذ القدم يصيب الأغنام والأبقار والقطط والكلاب، ولا ينتقل من إنسان لآخر، وليس له أى علاقة بأنفلونزا الخنازير أو الطيور، مشيرة إلى أنه لا توجد أى بلاغات لإصابات بالمرض حتى الآن بمختلف المحافظات. Announced that the General Authority for Veterinary Services, that the disease which was recently announced in the Netherlands, which was launched by the ?avian goat?, is a bacterial disease, not viral, noting that the disease known since ancient infects sheep, cows, cats and dogs, and is not transmitted from person to person, and has no relationship of swine flu or flu, noting that there were no reports of injuries so far the disease in different governorates.

                        وقال الدكتور حامد سماحة، رئيس الهيئة العامة للخدمات البيطرية، إن ميكروب أنفلونزا الماعز يعيش فى صوف الأغنام وشعر الماعز، حيث تعتبر الأبقار والأغنام والماعز والكلاب والقطط والطيور الحاملة للميكروب مصابة به فى فترة تتراوح من ١٢ إلى ١٦ شهرا، مشيرا إلى أن الميكروب يعيش فى اللبن الخام الناتج من الحيوانات المصابة، محذرا من خطورة تناول الألبان الناتجة عن هذه الحيوانات المصابة بالميكروب. Dr. Hamed Samaha, President of the General Authority for Veterinary Services, said that the flu microbe living in goats and sheep's wool, goat hair, where are cows, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, birds carrying infected by the microbe in a period ranging from 12 to 16 months, indicating that the microbes living in milk Crude output from infected animals, warning against eating milk from these infected animals Palmkrob.

                        وأضاف سماحة فى تصريحات لـ?المصرى اليوم? أن أنفلونزا الماعز من الميكروبات التى تقاوم الحرارة والجفاف، وأنه من الأمراض المُعدية ومعروف عالميا، على الرغم من أنه يمكن علاج الحيوانات المصابة به عن طريق المضادات الحيوية. He told Al-tolerance ?Egyptian today? Bird goats from microbes that are resistant to heat and drought, and that infectious diseases are known globally, although it can be treated with animals infected by antibiotics.

                        من جانبه أوضح الدكتور فتوح مصطفى، رئيس الإدارة المركزية للطب الوقائى، أن خطورة المرض تكمن فى تحوله إلى وباء يمكن التعرف عليه من خلال ارتفاع معدلات الإجهاض لدى الماعز، مشيرا إلى أنه حتى الآن لم يتم الإبلاغ عن حالات إجهاض كبيرة فى أى منطقة لتربية الماعز فى مصر. For his part, Dr. Fattouh Mustapha, Head of Central Department of Preventive Medicine, the gravity of the disease lies in its transformation into a pandemic could identify him through high rates of abortions among goats, pointing out that so far have been no reported cases of abortion in any significant area for breeding goats Egypt.

                        وذكر مصطفى أن مرض أنفلونزا الماعز ليست له أعراض واضحة، ماعدا فى حالة حدوث حالات إجهاض بصورة ملحوظة فى الأغنام العشار. Mustapa said that the bird does not have goats obvious symptoms, except in the case of abortions significantly in the Ashar sheep. وأشار إلى أنه يعد أيضا من الأمراض المنتشرة عالميا حيث لا توجد دولة خالية منه باستثناء نيوزيلاندا، مؤكدا أنه لا توجد أدنى خطورة على قطاع الماعز المصرى من المرض، وأنه يمكن العلاج منه بالمضادات الحيوية لمدة ١٥ يوما. He pointed out that it is also a disease prevalent globally, as no country is free from it except New Zealand, confirming that there is no risk to the lowest sector of the Egyptian goat disease, and that it can be treated with antibiotics for 15 days. ولفت إلى أنه يتم التنبيه دائماً على مديريات الطب البيطرى بضرورة إبلاغ الهيئة بأى حالات إجهاض غير طبيعية بمختلف المحافظات لمتابعة الموقف، موضحاً أن نسبة النفوق فى الماعز لا تتجاوز ١%. He pointed out that it is always on the alert of Veterinary Medicine departments of the need to inform the Commission of any cases abortion is not natural in all governorates to follow up the situation, pointing out that the mortality rate in goats does not exceed 1%.

                        فى سياق متصل أكد الدكتور أحمد إمام، مدير عام الطب الوقائى فى الهيئة العامة للخدمات البيطرية، أن إجمالى قطاع تربية الماعز فى مصر يصل لأكثر من مليون و٥٠٠ ألف رأس يتركز معظمها فى محافظات البحيرة والشرقية والمنيا والفيوم وكفر الشيخ ومطروح وشمال وجنوب سيناء. In a related context, Dr. Ahmed Imam, Director General of Preventive Medicine at the General Authority for Veterinary Services, the total goat farming sector in Egypt up to more than one million and 500 thousand head, mostly concentrated in the counties of Lake, Eastern and Menya, Fayoum and Kafr El-Sheikh, Matrouh, North and South Sinai.

                        وطالب إمام المربين بضرورة مراعاة التطهير الجيد والمستمر لمزارع التربية، واتخاذ إجراءات الأمان الحيوى السليمة، مثل إقامة حوض تطهير على مدخل المزرعة ووجود أسوار حولها، وعدم اختلاط الماعز مع الحيوانات الأخرى التى يمكن تعرضها للإصابة بالمرض مثل الأبقار. Imam educators and students need to take account of good cleansing and continuous breeding farms, and to take proper bio-security measures, such as a basin at the entrance to clean up the farm and the presence of the walls around it, not mingling with goats and other animals that can be exposed to the disease, such as cows.

                        Comment


                        • #13
                          Re: Egypt, has indicated no Q-Fever in egypt ever.

                          its needs mentioned that the doctor here is the same one which created all the fuss in the camels coming from sudan last year and were suspected of fmd which was confirmed in a very few cases much later.

                          ?Agriculture? begin the process of ?finding active? to monitor avian goats .. وتحذر من إهمال التوعية بـ?فيروس الطيور? And warns of the neglect of education b ?avian?

                          كتب متولى سالم ٢/ ١/ ٢٠١٠ Metwali Salam 2 / 1 / 2010
                          بدأت أجهزة وزارة الزراعة أول عملية للتقصى النشط لمرض أنفلونزا الماعز، للتأكد من عدم وصوله إلى مصر، وذلك من خلال عمليات مسح واسعة لأسواق بيع الحيوانات، وأخذ عينات منها لضمان سلامتها من المرض، كما بدأ معهد بحوث صحة الحيوان أخذ عينات من إحدى مزارع الأغنام والماشية بمحافظة الإسماعيلية لتحليلها، وأكدت نتائج الاختبارات خلوها من المرض. Agencies began the Ministry of Agriculture to investigate the first active bird goats, to make sure that his arrival in Egypt, through surveys and extensive animal markets, the taking of samples to ensure the integrity of the disease, also started the Animal Health Research Institute to take samples from one sheep and cattle farms Ismailia Governorate for analysis, and confirmed the results of the tests are free of the disease.

                          وأكدت الدكتورة منى محرز، مدير معهد بحوث صحة الحيوان. The Dr. Mona Mehrez, Director of the Research Institute of Animal Health. رئيس المعمل المركزى للرقابة على الإنتاج الداجنى، أنه من المقرر البدء فى أخذ عينات من الحيوانات فى أسواق بيع الحيوانات للتأكد من خلوها من مرض أنفلونزا الماعز، لافتة إلى أن مصر حتى الآن خالية من الميكروب المسبب لمرض أنفلونزا الماعز. President of the Central Laboratory for the control of poultry production, is scheduled to start taking samples from animals in the animal markets to make sure they are free from avian flu, goats, pointing out that Egypt is so far free of the microbes that cause avian goats.

                          وقالت محرز - لـ?المصرى اليوم?: ?سيتم تحليل العينات التى سيتم أخذها من هذه الأسواق مجاناً?، مؤكدة أن دور معامل وزارة الزراعة هو منع انتقال الأمراض الحيوانية المشتركة إلى الإنسان كأحد الإجراءات الوقائية للحفاظ على الصحة العامة. Mehrez said - for the ?Egyptian today?: ?samples will be analyzed, which will be taken from these markets for free?, stressing that the role of the laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture is to prevent the transmission of animal diseases common to humans as a preventive action to maintain public health.

                          وأضافت: ?لدينا وحدات خاصة لتشخيص هذا المرض، ومن الضرورى تنفيذ حملة توعية شاملة لحث المواطنين من مربى الأغنام والماشية على سرعة الابلاغ عن أى حالة إجهاض تتم فى الحيوانات التى يمتلكونها?، مشيرة إلى أن ارتفاع حالات الاجهاض لدى هذه الحيوانات أحد مؤشرات الإصابة بمرض أنفلونزا الماعز. She added: ?We have special units for the diagnosis of this disease and it is necessary to implement a comprehensive awareness campaign to urge citizens of sheep and cattle ranch on the speed of reporting any abortions take place in animals that they own?, pointing out that the high incidence of abortion in these animals as an indicator of infection from bird goats.

                          وفيما يتعلق بمرض أنفلونزا الطيور أكدت خطورة إهمال التوعية اللازمة بهذا المرض، مشيرة إلى أن أنفلونزا الطيور أكثر خطورة من أنفلونزا الخنازير، وذلك لأن الأخير من الفيروسات الضعيفة ? حسب قولها - بينما يعد فيروس أنفلونزا الطيور ضمن الفيروسات الأكثر ضراوة. With regard to bird flu confirmed the seriousness of the neglect of the necessary awareness of the disease, pointing out that bird flu is more dangerous than swine flu, because the latter virus vulnerable - she said - As bird flu virus among the most aggressive.

                          وطالبت مديرة معهد بحوث صحة الحيوان بضرورة أن يكون الطبيب البيطرى بكل وحدة بيطرية بمختلف المحافظات مسؤولا عن عدد من مزارع الدواجن مسؤولية كاملة لمتابعة هذه المزارع سواء من نواحى تطبيق قواعد الأمان الحيوى أو من خلال متابعة تطبيق نظم التربية الصحية والفحص الدورى للدواجن بكل مزراعة وأخذ عينات منتظمة من طيور المزارع للتأكد من خلوها من مرض أنفلونزا الطيور. And demanded that the Director of Animal Health Research Institute need to be a veterinarian all veterinary units in different governorates responsible for a number of poultry farms full responsibility to follow up on these farms, both aspects of the implementation of bio-safety rules or follow the application of the health education and periodic inspection of all poultry Mzraap regular sampling of farm birds to make sure they are free from bird flu.

                          وأشارت إلى أن رقابة ?المنبع? فى مزارع الدواجن تضمن التداول السليم والصحى للطيور من خلال منظومة مجازر دواجن تطبق قواعد الرقابة الصحية والبيطرية أو تداول لحوم الدواجن فى أماكن البيع بمحال بيع الطيور المذبوحة سواء المبردة أو المجمدة. She noted that the control of ?upstream? in poultry farms to ensure proper circulation and healthy for the birds through the system of poultry slaughter rules apply sanitary and veterinary control or handling of poultry meat in the Where to Buy legalize sale of birds slaughtered, either chilled or frozen.

                          وشددت على أن خطورة مرض أنفلونزا الطيور تكمن أيضا فى أنه متوطن، مما يتطلب المزيد من الإجراءات اللازمة للسيطرة على المرض، خاصة أنه ينتقل من الطيور إلى الإنسان، مشيرة إلى ضرورة وضع خطط قومية لمكافحة الأمراض الوبائية والسيطرة عليها والوقاية منها على أن تكون هذه الخطط تنفيذية، ومتكاملة تساهم فى احتواء المشكلة وليست خططاً ?ورقية? لا تقدم ولا تؤخر ?حسب قولها?. She stressed that the danger of bird flu is that he is endemic, which require further actions required to control the disease, especially as it spread from birds to humans, pointing to the need to develop national plans to combat epidemic diseases control and prevention of these plans to be operational , and integrated help in containing the problem, not plans ?paper? do not advance or delay ?she said?.

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