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  • Tanzania - 2 suspected ebola cases - both negative

    Ebola patient allegedly diagnosed in Kagera
    BY EMMANUEL ONYANGO
    4th August 2012

    As the government tries to take measures to prevent the deadly disease of Ebola from spreading into the country, one patient has been discovered to have been infected with the viruses at Nyakage hospital in Karagwe district, Kagera region.

    According to one doctor from the hospital who declined to be named because he is not the authorised spokesperson, doctors at the hospital discovered a patient whose name was not immediately established with all signs of the disease when he went there for treatment on Friday.

    The doctor further noted that the patient had travelled from Uganda and had entered into the country via Mulongo border in the western part of Kagera region.

    Efforts to contact the Minister for Health and Social Welfare, Dr. Hussein Mwinyi for more clarification about the matter yesterday bore no fruit as he was not ready to speak about the issue, asking the reporter to call him later.

    However, when efforts were made to reach him about an hour later his phone was switched off.

    However, speaking in Parliament on Wednesday, Dr Mwinyi said the government had sent medical experts to the Tanzanian border with Uganda in a quest to contain its spread into the country. The disease is known to have killed 14 victims.

    Dr Mwinyi told visibly alarmed legislators that the medical experts who have been dispatched to the border were fully equipped with protective gear, medical supplies and other requisite equipment.

    They are also able to identify Ebola virus carriers. The minister advised the public, especially those living in the northern regions of Kagera, Mara, Mwanza and Kigoma, some of which share border crossings with Uganda.

    The World Health Organisation (WHO) has already alerted Tanzania on the Ebola threat. The ministry issued a statement to the press elaborating that Ebola was a highly contagious disease brought on by the Ebola virus.

    As an outbreak of ebola progresses, bodily fluids from diarrhea, vomiting, and bleeding represent a hazard. Due to lack of proper equipment and hygienic practices, large-scale epidemics occur mostly in poor, isolated areas without modern hospitals or well-educated medical staff.

    The Ebola virus was first associated with an outbreak of 318 cases of a hemorrhagic disease in Zaire. Of the 318 cases, 280 of them died?and died quickly. That same year, 1976, 284 people in Sudan also became infected with the virus and 156 died.

    The viruses that cause Ebola and Marburg are similar, infecting both monkeys and people. The outbreaks of these diseases are often self-contained, however, because they kill their hosts so quickly that they rapidly run out of people to infect.

    In Kampala, Uganda the residents have been urged to avoid contact after the deadly Ebola virus hit the city.
    Kampala residents have been urged to avoid contact after the deadly Ebola virus hit the city but security guard Joseph Karuba's job is to frisk people and he doesn't have gloves.

    "The thing has come back -- it came first time and we beat it, then it came again and we beat it and now it is back," he said, waiting for shoppers outside one of the teeming capital's malls.

    President Yoweri Museveni on Monday confirmed that Ebola, one of the world's most virulent diseases, had reached Kampala for the first time following an outbreak in the west of the country.

    "We shall request gloves, but for now it is a very big problem because we are exposed," Karuba said.

    Officials were searching for anyone who might have come into contact with the virus, amid public warnings for people to take precautions and avoid physical contact..

    SOURCE: THE GUARDIAN


  • #2
    Re: Uganda: Ebola Sudan identified in 16-25? deaths, 253+ contacts being monitored

    <img src="http://african.lss.wisc.edu/utamaduni/images/kageraregion.jpg">


    Health facilities in Kayanga

    Nyakahanga Hospital: Near Omurushaka town, 8 km South of Kayanga;
    Malaria testing place: In Kayanga, near where new petrol station. Dispensary: ACCORD offices.

    Karagwe district is one of the five rural districts in Kagera Region. The district borders Uganda in the north and Rwanda in the west. The Kagera River runs through the district. Kayanga town (about 107 km from Bukoba) is the main administrative town while Omurushaka (8 km south from Kayanga) is the trading centre. Kayanga town is located on top of a ridge so there are spectacular views from the town. The valley is swampy wet lands.

    Comment


    • #3
      Re: Uganda: Ebola Sudan identified in 16-25? deaths, 253+ contacts being monitored

      That is allegedly one SUSPECT case in Tanzania. Test results are still pending, and there are a lot of things other than Ebola that look like Ebola. Kagera in Tanzania is actually closer to the outbreak in Ntungamo (which may have come back negative for Ebola, as the WHO report says all other districts' suspect cases have been negative) than it is to Kibaale. If the Ntungamo outbreak was due to something else, such as yellow fever or typhoid, that diagnosis should also be investigated in the Tanzanian case.

      Kenya has already discarded three suspect cases.

      Comment


      • #4
        Re: Tanzania - 1 suspected ebola case - tests pending

        It’s red alert over possible Ebola case
        Sunday, 05 August 2012 02:42

        By Joas Kaijage, The Citizen Correspondent

        Bukoba. A state of alert has been imposed along the Tanzania border with Uganda following fears over a suspected outbreak of Ebola in Kagera Region.

        However, medical personnel said the case was yet to be confirmed until samples from a six-year-old boy admitted to Nyakahanga hospital in Karagwe will be sent for further laboratory tests in Uganda.

        In an exclusive interview with The Citizen on Sunday, the Karagwe District medical officer, Dr Elias Mayala, said the patient from Nyakatuntu Village has been under quarantine in an isolated room at Nyakahanga hospital awaiting confirmation of the tests.

        In the interim, Dr Mayala said, district authorities had mounted a strict surveillance of the Mutukula and Murongo border posts. This includes deployment of medical personnel to stop the disease from spreading to Tanzania.

        He said among other routines, the medical personnel at the border posts were responsible for holding awareness raising meetings on the deadly disease. They were also ensuring that they detect early enough possible cases among visitors crossing to the other side.

        He said along with the efforts, local FM radio stations in the area have been engaged in disseminating messages on prevention. They are especially used to create awareness of its symptoms and how it spreads among border communities.

        “In fact, it is not correct to say there is an outbreak of Ebola following this particular suspicion, but strict measures are inevitable to stop the disease from spreading to our side,” said Dr Mayala. Since the reported incident, authorities in Karagwe have also been carrying out investigations to uncover more information. They wish to know whether there is any other related cases near the village in Kieran District where the victim allegedly comes from.

        An employee at the Nyakahanga hospital, who declined to be named because he was not the spokesperson, said the admitted Ebola- suspected child was placed under quarantine along with his mother. The employee said the child had clear signs of Ebola, including bleeding profusely through his ears and nose when relatives brought him to the Karagwe District Designated Hospital.

        However, Kagera Regional Commissioner Fabian Massawe told The Citizen on Sunday in a telephone interview that reports of a possible outbreak of the life threatening disease in the region were shocking. He said Karagwe District was among the most vulnerable districts in the region following its closeness to Mbarara District in Uganda where the deadly disease has allegedly wreaked havoc in the recent past.

        Last month, an outbreak of Ebola killed at least 14 people in mid-western Uganda. A team of health experts from the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organisation and Uganda was immediately deployed to the area to begin emergency response measures, according to a statement released by the Uganda government.

        The total number of people suspected to have caught the virus was 20. A clinical officer who treated the first case fell ill and died soon afterwards. Her four-month old baby who was admitted for treatment also died four days later. The virus which manifests itself as a hemorrhagic fever has in recent years killed at a rate of above 70 per cent of those infected and has been identified as Ebola Sudan. In 2000 it killed 224 people in Uganda after an outbreak.

        Ebola was first reported in 1976 in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo and is named after the river where it was recognised, according to the CDC. Of the first 318 cases, 280 died soon after its outbreak. In that year, a total of 284 people in Sudan were also infected with the virus and 156 died.

        According to clinical officers, the virus spreads through the blood, multiplying in many organs. It causes severe damage to the liver, lymphatic system, kidneys, ovaries and testes. Internal bleeding results in shock and acute respiratory distress, leading to death.

        Once a patient is infected with Ebola, the incubation period is four to 16 days. The onset of the disease is sudden, with fever, chills, headache, anorexia and muscle pain.
        Bleeding occurs from multiple sites, including the digestive tract, lungs as well as gums and death occurs within seven to 16 days.

        There is neither cure nor vaccine for the virus. The most effective way to reduce or prevent transmission in an outbreak is through the proper use of barrier protection for doctors and nurses. The reason is that people do not carry the virus for once sick their infected blood and bodily fluids infect others

        Comment


        • #5
          Re: Tanzania - 1 suspected ebola case - tests pending

          Originally posted by James S View Post
          a six-year-old boy . . . from Nyakatuntu Village has been under quarantine in an isolated room at Nyakahanga hospital awaiting confirmation of the tests.
          http://thecitizen.co.tz/sunday-citiz...bola-case.html
          We will have to wait and see what the test results show. It is difficult to understand how a young boy in Tazania could developed Ebola without direct contact from any cases in Uganda. As shown on the map below Nyakatuntu Village, Tanzania, is 125+ miles from Kagadi in Kibaale District (Uganda) where all of the current cases and suspected cases are being treated or are in isolation.

          Click image for larger version

Name:	Tanzania Suspected Ebola 20120804.jpg
Views:	1
Size:	145.6 KB
ID:	659790

          Comment


          • #6
            Re: Tanzania - 1 suspected ebola case - tests pending

            Ebola fear hits Kagera
            BY EMMANUEL ONYANGO
            5th August 2012


            A team of medical experts from Dar es Salaam was yesterday dispatched to Kagera region to further examine the two patients believed to be suffering from the Ebola hemorrhagic fever.

            But as the team of medical experts was sent to Kagera region, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare subsequently confirmed the outbreak of the deadly fever in the western part of the country. Confirming the reports, the Deputy Minister for Health and Social Welfare, Dr Seif Seleman Rashid, also said that a team of medical experts was still diagnosing a patient in efforts to establish the symptoms.

            In the meantime, reports from Nyakahanga designated hospital in Karagwe district, Kagera region indicate that there were two patients including a child, suspected to be suffering from the deadly fever that has rocked neighbouring Uganda.

            According to one of the doctors who diagnosed the patient at Karagwe’s Nyakahanga hospital, preliminary findings show that the victim might have contacted the Ebola virus.

            However, the doctor who requested anonymity told the Guardian on Sunday that ‘further medical examination’ would be conducted to gather more evidence about the possible outbreak of Ebola, adding that the patient had since been quarantined pending final results.

            According to the doctor, the ‘Ebola patient’ was brought to the hospital on Friday morning and, upon diagnosis, it was established that the patient had suffered from Ebola. The patient who is a six-year-old child was brought to the Mulongo hospital by his mother from a village close to the Uganda-Tanzania boarder after the child developed severe symptoms.

            “We are doing further medical examination on a patient … we will tell the general public once it is confirmed that we are dealing with Ebola virus infections,” the doctor said, adding that currently the patient alleged to have been infected was admitted in a separate room and now lives in isolation from other patients at the hospital.

            He said preliminary check-ups found out that the diagnosis had all signs showed clear symptoms of Ebola – after which he ordered the patient to be admitted for closer monitoring locally, and further medical examination by medical experts from the ministry headquarters.
            He added that the patient had since been placed in a special intensive care room which is out of bounds for all other people -- apart from his mother who is taking care of the patient. However, he said, this was a medical rule aimed at avoiding quick spread of the deadly disease

            Another patient also believed to have crossed the boarder from Uganda was admitted at the hospital as well, but medical investigations of his deteriorating health conditions were still not completed by Saturday evening.

            As a precaution, the doctor said his hospital team and the district health workers had since started warning people in surrounding villages to take immediate measures whenever they come across such patients. He has also warned the people living closer to the border with Uganda to be careful not to come into contact with any person whom they see vomiting or bleeding – clear signs of someone suffering from Ebola.

            On Wednesday this week, Dr. Mwinyi told visibly alarmed legislators in Dodoma that a team of medical experts had been dispatched to the border with Uganda, fully equipped with protective gear and medical supplies.

            The minister advised the general public especially those living in the northern regions of Kagera, Mara, Mwanza and Kigoma -- some of which share the border crossings with Uganda -- to take precautions because the disease was highly contagious.

            more...

            Last edited by sharon sanders; August 5, 2012, 10:36 AM. Reason: added bolding & link, shortened

            Comment


            • #7
              Re: Tanzania - 2 suspected ebola cases - tests pending

              A rapid recovery also argues against Ebola as a diagnosis:



              Suspected Ebola samples sent to Chief Chemist Send to a friend
              Monday, 06 August 2012 09:22

              By Lilian Lugakingira, The Citizen Correspondent
              Bukoba. Samples from a patient believed to have contracted Ebola, have been sent to Dar es Salaam for study.

              At the same time, the government through the ministry of Health and Social Welfare has urged Tanzanians to stay calm as it works to verify the samples in order to establish if the said patient has contracted the disease, which of late has been ravaging neighbouring Uganda.

              The six-year old patient has been admitted to Nyakahanga District Hospital in Karagwe, after showing symptoms which resemble those of Ebola.

              The Karagwe District medical officer, Dr Andrew Cesari, said yesterday that the samples were dispatched to Dar es Salaam yesterday. He said the samples were taken by experts from the ministry who arrived in Karagwe yesterday to make a follow up.

              ?We received five experts from the ministry of Health... we have already conducted preliminary analysis of the sample which have been forwarded to Dar es Salaam for detailed analysis to establish what has affected that particular patient,? he said.

              Dr Cesari added that although the samples have been forwarded to Dar es Salaam, experts from the ministry are still on the ground and they will visit various areas to check over the possibility of ebola eruption.

              On the condition of the patient, he said she was doing fine and all symptoms such as fever, vomiting, diarrhoea as well as body bleeding have been controlled.

              ?But she is still under close supervision from medical experts,? he said, noting that there was no cause for alarm as the situation has been put under control.

              [snip]

              Comment


              • #8
                Re: Tanzania - 2 suspected ebola cases - tests pending



                Published Date: 2012-08-05 16:07:17
                Subject: PRO/EAFR> Ebola hemorrhagic fever -Tanzania: (Kagera) susp.
                Archive Number: 20120805.267054

                EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER - TANZANIA: (KAGERA) SUSPECTED
                ************************************************** *****

                A ProMED-mail post
                ProMED: Your 24/7 early warning system for emerging infectious diseases worldwide. Subscribe now to search alerts.

                ProMED-mail is a program of the
                International Society for Infectious Diseases
                The International Society for Infectious Diseases advances research, education, and global outbreak response worldwide.


                Date: Sun 5 Aug 2012Source: IPPMedia, source The Guardian on Sunday [edited]http://www.ippmedia.com/frontend/index.php?l=44422


                Ebola fear hits Kagera
                ----------------------
                A team of medical experts from Dar es Salaam was yesterday dispatched
                to the Kagera region [Tanzania] to further examine 2 patients believed
                to be suffering from Ebola hemorrhagic fever. But as the team of
                medical experts was sent to Kagera region, the Ministry of Health and
                Social Welfare [of Tanzania] subsequently confirmed the outbreak of
                the deadly fever in the western part of the country. Confirming the
                reports, the Deputy Minister for Health and Social Welfare, Dr Seif
                Seleman Rashid, also said that a team of medical experts was still
                diagnosing a patient in efforts to establish the symptoms.

                In the meantime, reports from Nyakahanga designated hospital in
                Karagwe district, Kagera region indicate that there were 2 patients
                including a child, suspected to be suffering from the deadly fever
                that has rocked neighbouring Uganda. According to one of the doctors
                who diagnosed the patient at Karagwe's Nyakahanga hospital,
                preliminary findings show that the victim might have contacted the
                Ebola virus. However, the doctor, who requested anonymity, told the
                Guardian on Sunday that 'further medical examination' would be
                conducted to gather more evidence about the possible outbreak of
                Ebola, adding that the patient had since been quarantined pending
                final results.

                According to the doctor, the 'Ebola patient' was brought to the
                hospital on Friday morning [3 Aug 2012] and, upon diagnosis, it was
                established that the patient had suffered from Ebola [virus
                infection]. The patient, who is a 6-year-old child, was brought to the
                Mulongo hospital by his mother from a village close to the
                Uganda-Tanzania boarder after the child developed severe symptoms.

                "We are doing further medical examination on a patient ... we will
                tell the general public once it is confirmed that we are dealing with
                Ebola virus infections," the doctor said, adding that currently the
                patient alleged to have been infected was admitted in a separate room
                and now lives in isolation from other patients at the hospital. He
                said preliminary check-ups found out that the diagnosis had all signs
                showed clear symptoms of Ebola -- after which he ordered the patient
                to be admitted for closer monitoring locally, and further medical
                examination by medical experts from the ministry headquarters.

                He added that the patient had since been placed in a special intensive
                care room which is out of bounds for all other people -- apart from
                his mother who is taking care of the patient. However, he said, this
                was a medical rule aimed at avoiding quick spread of the deadly
                disease

                Another patient also believed to have crossed the border from Uganda
                was admitted at the hospital as well, but medical investigations of
                his deteriorating health conditions were still not completed by
                Saturday evening [4 Aug 2012]. As a precaution, the doctor said his
                hospital team and the district health workers had since started
                warning people in surrounding villages to take immediate measures
                whenever they come across such patients. He has also warned the people
                living closer to the border with Uganda to be careful not to come into
                contact with any person whom they see vomiting or bleeding -- clear
                signs of someone suffering from Ebola.

                On Wednesday this week, Dr. Mwinyi told visibly alarmed legislators in
                Dodoma that a team of medical experts had been dispatched to the
                border with Uganda, fully equipped with protective gear and medical
                supplies. The minister advised the general public especially those
                living in the northern regions of Kagera, Mara, Mwanza and Kigoma --
                some of which share border crossings with Uganda -- to take
                precautions because the disease was highly contagious.

                Earlier, the World Health Organization (WHO) had alerted Tanzania on
                the Ebola threat, prompting the ministry to issue a press statement
                elaborating that Ebola (Ebola HF) was a severe, often-fatal disease in
                humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees) that
                has appeared sporadically since its initial recognition in 1976. The
                disease is caused by infection with Ebola virus, named after a river
                in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), where it was
                first recognised. The virus is one of two members of a family of RNA
                viruses called the Filoviridae; there are five identified subtypes of
                the Ebola virus -- four of which have been known to cause disease in
                humans: Ebola-Zaire, Ebola-Sudan, Ebola-Ivory Coast and
                Ebola-Bundibugyo. The fifth, Ebola-Reston, has caused disease in
                nonhuman primates, but not in humans.

                (By Emmanuel Onyango)

                --
                Communicated by:ProMED-EAFR

                [Given the little that is known about the [ebola] virus, fears
                coming from neighboring countries may be unfounded as there is
                no evidence that the disease has spread beyond Kibaale district
                ,
                Uganda, where all the confirmed cases have been reported.
                Confirmation of the diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by
                laboratory testing will be significant and is therefore anxiously awaited.- Mod BE.

                Kagera Region is located in the northwestern corner of Tanzania,
                previously known as West Lake Region before June 1979. Bukoba, Kagera
                Region's capital, is a fast growing town situated on the shore of Lake
                Victoria. The region neighbours Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi and lies
                across the lake from Kenya.

                The interactive HealthMap of the Kagera Region of Tanzania can be
                accessed at:http://healthmap.org/r/2*Ka. - Mod.CP]

                Comment


                • #9
                  Re: Tanzania - 2 suspected ebola cases - tests pending

                  I can't get it to copy, but this indicates the first case had a bacterial urinary tract infection, causing him to urinate blood, and tested negative for Ebola:

                  It remains unclear whether the mother is the second case (and is she symptomatic?) or whether there is a second unrelated suspect.



                  ------

                  According to http://gantdaily.com/2012/08/06/susp...nzania-probed/ , the mother is indeed the second suspect.

                  Comment


                  • #10
                    Re: Tanzania - 2 suspected ebola cases - first case tests negative

                    The Ministry of health and social welfare has cleared the air on fears that the deadly disease--ebola has erupted in the country, saying a team of experts dispatched to the Tanzanian border with Uganda has yet to disclose its presence in the country.


                    Tanzania: State Still Ebola Free - Deputy Minister
                    Tagged: East Africa, Governance, Health, Tanzania, Uganda
                    By Mariam Said, 7 August 2012

                    Dodoma ? The Ministry of health and social welfare has cleared the air on fears that the deadly disease--ebola has erupted in the country, saying a team of experts dispatched to the Tanzanian border with Uganda has yet to disclose its presence in the country.

                    The Deputy Minister Dr Seif Suleiman Rashid told the Parliament that the disease was only reported in Uganda and residents in Kagera were only alerted to the possibility of the disease's presence in the country.

                    Dr Rashid said that although a case of a woman and a child showing symptoms of the diseases was reported, preliminary medical examination showed that the woman and the child were Ebola-free.

                    The Deputy Minister was responding to Ms Cathrine Magige (special seats-CCM) who sought to know the contingency measure the government had taken to deal with ebola threat, considering that rumours were widespread that the disease was already in the country.

                    Comment

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