Tweet
Full text at link. 
Comprehensive history of the evolution of the virus and details of its characteristics. (It's very persistent in the environment and difficult to kill.)
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j...45175338,d.cGE
Emerging Infectious Diseases: using PCV2 as a model of disease transmission dynamics at the livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda
Linnea Jonsson
Handledare: Anne-Lie Blomstr?m, Institutionen f?r Biomedicin och veterin?r folkh?lsovetenskap
Bitr?dande handledare: Karl St?hl, Statens veterin?rmedicinska anstalt
Examinator: Mikael Berg, Institutionen f?r Biomedicin och veterin?r folkh?lsovetenskap
Examensarbete inom veterin?rprogrammet, Uppsala 2013
Fakulteten f?r veterin?rmedicin och husdjursvetenskap
Institutionen f?r Biomedicin och veterin?r folkh?lsovetenskap
Kurskod: EX0751, Niv? A2E, 30hp
Key words: PCV2, disease transmission, livestock-wildlife, emerging infectious diseases (EID)
Nyckelord: PCV2, sjukdomstranmission, vilda djur ? tamdjur, EID
Online publication of this work: http://epsilon.slu.se
ISSN 1652-8697
Examensarbete 2013:28
SAMMANFATTNING
Uganda anses vara ett h?griskland f?r utveckling av nya pl?tsligt uppdykande sjukdomar (emerging infectious diseases, EID). Grisproduktionen i Uganda har ?kat drastiskt de senaste ?ren och en stor del av Ugandas grisar ?r frig?ende. De kan d?rf?r l?tt komma i kontakt med vilda djur i deras n?romr?de. Porcint circovirus 2 (PCV2) ?r ett ubikvit?rt virus och etiologiskt agens f?r bland annat porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). F?rutom att infektera tamgrisar ?ver hela v?rlden s? har PCV2 ocks? visats kunna infektera vildsvin. PCV2 anv?nds i den h?r studien som ett modellvirus f?r transmissionsdynamik mellan vilda och tama djur d? det ?r spritt bland grisar ?ver hela v?rlden, har viss genetisk variation och har hittats p? b?de tama och vilda grisar.
M?len f?r den h?r studien var att unders?ka sjukdomstranmissionsdynamiken mellan vilda och tama djur i Uganda med PCV2 som modell, som ett led i EID-?vervakningen, samt att uppskatta prevalensen av PCV2 bland domesticerade grisar i Uganda.
Nittioen tamgrisar runt Murchison Falls nationalpark provtogs och analyserades med SybrGreen RT-PCR med avseende p? tre olika PCV2 genogrupper, SG1, SG2 och SG3. F?rs?k att f?nga v?rtsvin gjordes men tyv?rr utan framg?ng. D?rf?r kunde inte heller n?gra slutsatser ang?ende sjukdomstransmission mellan vilda och tama grisar dras. Alla tamgrisprover var negativa p? PCR f?r SG1 och SG2 men f?r SG3 fanns en punktprevalens p? 77%. SG3 ?r ?ven k?nd som PCV2b och ?r den vanligaste genotypen av PCV2 i de flesta andra l?nder. PCV2b ?r ?ven den genogrupp som mest associerats med PMWS.
F?r framtida studier kan b?de Uganda och tama och vilda grisar vara viktiga omr?den att studera. Dels f?r att ?ka f?rst?elsen f?r sjukdomstranmissionsdynamiken mellan tama och vilda djur och dels f?r EID-?vervakning.
ABSTRACT
Uganda is considered a ?hotspot? for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), meaning that it is a high-risk country for new infectious diseases to originate. The pig production is increasing drastically in Uganda and many of the pigs are free ranging and can come in contact with wildlife. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a ubiquitous virus and causal agent of porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Not only is PCV2 found in domestic pigs all around the world but it has also been shown to infect wild boar. PCV2 is, in this study, used as a model for disease transmission dynamics because it is spread among pigs throughout the world, has some genetic variation and has been found in both domestic and wild pigs.
The aims of this study were to investigate the disease transmission dynamics in the livestock- wildlife interface in Uganda with PCV2 as a model, as a part of the EID surveillance, and to estimate the prevalence of PCV2 in domestic pigs in Uganda.
Ninety-one domestic pigs around Murchison Falls national park were sampled and analyzed with SybrGreen RT-PCR for three different PCV2 genogroups, SG1, SG2 and SG3. Attempts to catch warthogs were made but unfortunately without success. Consequently no conclusions regarding disease transmission between wild and domestic pigs could be made. The domestic pig samples were all negative for SG1 and SG2 but for SG3 a point prevalence of 77% was found. SG3 is also known as PCV2b and is the most common PCV2 type in most other countries as well. PCV2b is also the genogroup most associated with PMWS.
For future projects both Uganda and suids could be important areas of study both for increasing the understanding of disease transmission dynamics in the livestock-wildlife interface and also for EID surveillance.
Comprehensive history of the evolution of the virus and details of its characteristics. (It's very persistent in the environment and difficult to kill.)http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j...45175338,d.cGE
Emerging Infectious Diseases: using PCV2 as a model of disease transmission dynamics at the livestock-wildlife interface in Uganda
Linnea Jonsson
Handledare: Anne-Lie Blomstr?m, Institutionen f?r Biomedicin och veterin?r folkh?lsovetenskap
Bitr?dande handledare: Karl St?hl, Statens veterin?rmedicinska anstalt
Examinator: Mikael Berg, Institutionen f?r Biomedicin och veterin?r folkh?lsovetenskap
Examensarbete inom veterin?rprogrammet, Uppsala 2013
Fakulteten f?r veterin?rmedicin och husdjursvetenskap
Institutionen f?r Biomedicin och veterin?r folkh?lsovetenskap
Kurskod: EX0751, Niv? A2E, 30hp
Key words: PCV2, disease transmission, livestock-wildlife, emerging infectious diseases (EID)
Nyckelord: PCV2, sjukdomstranmission, vilda djur ? tamdjur, EID
Online publication of this work: http://epsilon.slu.se
ISSN 1652-8697
Examensarbete 2013:28
SAMMANFATTNING
Uganda anses vara ett h?griskland f?r utveckling av nya pl?tsligt uppdykande sjukdomar (emerging infectious diseases, EID). Grisproduktionen i Uganda har ?kat drastiskt de senaste ?ren och en stor del av Ugandas grisar ?r frig?ende. De kan d?rf?r l?tt komma i kontakt med vilda djur i deras n?romr?de. Porcint circovirus 2 (PCV2) ?r ett ubikvit?rt virus och etiologiskt agens f?r bland annat porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). F?rutom att infektera tamgrisar ?ver hela v?rlden s? har PCV2 ocks? visats kunna infektera vildsvin. PCV2 anv?nds i den h?r studien som ett modellvirus f?r transmissionsdynamik mellan vilda och tama djur d? det ?r spritt bland grisar ?ver hela v?rlden, har viss genetisk variation och har hittats p? b?de tama och vilda grisar.
M?len f?r den h?r studien var att unders?ka sjukdomstranmissionsdynamiken mellan vilda och tama djur i Uganda med PCV2 som modell, som ett led i EID-?vervakningen, samt att uppskatta prevalensen av PCV2 bland domesticerade grisar i Uganda.
Nittioen tamgrisar runt Murchison Falls nationalpark provtogs och analyserades med SybrGreen RT-PCR med avseende p? tre olika PCV2 genogrupper, SG1, SG2 och SG3. F?rs?k att f?nga v?rtsvin gjordes men tyv?rr utan framg?ng. D?rf?r kunde inte heller n?gra slutsatser ang?ende sjukdomstransmission mellan vilda och tama grisar dras. Alla tamgrisprover var negativa p? PCR f?r SG1 och SG2 men f?r SG3 fanns en punktprevalens p? 77%. SG3 ?r ?ven k?nd som PCV2b och ?r den vanligaste genotypen av PCV2 i de flesta andra l?nder. PCV2b ?r ?ven den genogrupp som mest associerats med PMWS.
F?r framtida studier kan b?de Uganda och tama och vilda grisar vara viktiga omr?den att studera. Dels f?r att ?ka f?rst?elsen f?r sjukdomstranmissionsdynamiken mellan tama och vilda djur och dels f?r EID-?vervakning.
ABSTRACT
Uganda is considered a ?hotspot? for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), meaning that it is a high-risk country for new infectious diseases to originate. The pig production is increasing drastically in Uganda and many of the pigs are free ranging and can come in contact with wildlife. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a ubiquitous virus and causal agent of porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Not only is PCV2 found in domestic pigs all around the world but it has also been shown to infect wild boar. PCV2 is, in this study, used as a model for disease transmission dynamics because it is spread among pigs throughout the world, has some genetic variation and has been found in both domestic and wild pigs.
The aims of this study were to investigate the disease transmission dynamics in the livestock- wildlife interface in Uganda with PCV2 as a model, as a part of the EID surveillance, and to estimate the prevalence of PCV2 in domestic pigs in Uganda.
Ninety-one domestic pigs around Murchison Falls national park were sampled and analyzed with SybrGreen RT-PCR for three different PCV2 genogroups, SG1, SG2 and SG3. Attempts to catch warthogs were made but unfortunately without success. Consequently no conclusions regarding disease transmission between wild and domestic pigs could be made. The domestic pig samples were all negative for SG1 and SG2 but for SG3 a point prevalence of 77% was found. SG3 is also known as PCV2b and is the most common PCV2 type in most other countries as well. PCV2b is also the genogroup most associated with PMWS.
For future projects both Uganda and suids could be important areas of study both for increasing the understanding of disease transmission dynamics in the livestock-wildlife interface and also for EID surveillance.