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  #1  
Old May 19th, 2008, 01:36 PM
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Exclamation Influenza viruses resistant to oseltamivir, news and updates
Flu bugs growing resistance to drugs, studies find
19 May 2008 17:25:49 GMT
Source: Reuters
By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Editor
WASHINGTON, May 19 (Reuters) -

Seasonal flu viruses are developing the ability to evade influenza drugs globally, but how and why this is happening is not clear, experts told a conference on Monday.

Europe is the worst-affected by strains of influenza that resist the effects of antiviral drugs, but the resistance is growing globally, they told a meeting of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

"A significant proportion of resistant viruses were observed in Europe this winter," Dr. Bruno Lina of Claude Bernard University in Lyons, France, told the meeting.

The resistance also varies by strain, with a quarter of H1N1 flu viruses resistant in Europe and about 11 percent of H1N1 in the United States, but far fewer cases of H3N2 and influenza B viruses.

Their findings show that flu viruses -- already known to mutate speedily -- may be even more unpredictable than anyone thought.

Experts fear drugs may become quickly useless to fight an unusually severe flu season or the emergence of a new strain of flu that may cause a pandemic. They have been stressing the need to develop new flu drugs and also quicker and better ways to make vaccines.

The World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been collecting samples of the annual flu viruses to check them against the four available flu drugs: amantadine and rimantadine, and the newer drugs Tamiflu and Relenza.

The viruses changed rapidly over the past 2007-2008 flu season, Lina said. "We started with something like 10 percent in Europe," Lina said. By April of this year, 25 percent of the viruses tested were resistant to Tamiflu.

SUDDEN CHANGES
U.S. flu viruses developed a sudden ability to evade the effects of the older drugs amantadine and rimantadine during the 2005-2006 flu season, said Dr. Larisa Gubareva of the CDC. In 2006 the CDC said no one should use those drugs any more.

Doctors had hopes for two newer drugs -- Roche AG's Tamiflu, known generically as oseltamivir and licensed from Gilead Sciences , and GlaxoSmithKline's Relenza, known generically as zanamivir.

But already resistance is being seen to Tamiflu, a pill that can be taken to treat symptoms and also to prevent infection.

Lina's team tested more than 2,600 samples of flu viruses from patients in Europe and found baffling patterns of this resistance that appeared to have nothing to do with actual use of Tamiflu.

For instance in France, 54 percent of those tested in Paris carried the mutation that would give resistance to Tamiflu, compared to 29 percent in southeastern France. "Which makes absolutely no sense," Lina said.
Patients showed no difference in their symptoms if they were infected with resistant virus, he noted.
"It's difficult to understand. I have no idea why these viruses emerged," he said.

And in Europe, the H1N1 viruses were the most resistant.

Gubareva said tests across the United States, Canada and Mexico showed very quick development of drug resistance among H1N1 viruses. As of May 15 resistant viruses had been detected in 18 U.S. states out of 43 where virus samples from patients were tested, she said.

In Canada, resistant virus was found in nine of 13 provinces.

But only 6 percent of H3N2 and influenza B samples tested in North America had genetic mutations giving resistance to Tamiflu, she said.

(Editing by Michael Kahn and Jackie Frank)
-
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N19462422.htm
-----
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  #2  
Old May 19th, 2008, 02:02 PM
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
no hint yet, whether this resistance appeared in 2 genetical backgrounds
(Solomon,Brisbane) , Europe seems not to distinguish these two.

6% resistance for H3N2,B is still more than expected
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  #3  
Old May 19th, 2008, 02:41 PM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
Quote:
Originally Posted by gsgs View Post
no hint yet, whether this resistance appeared in 2 genetical backgrounds
(Solomon,Brisbane) , Europe seems not to distinguish these two.

6% resistance for H3N2,B is still more than expected
There is virtually no H274Y in H3N2 or B in available sequences. I suspect a reporting error (no evidence for 6%).
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  #4  
Old May 21st, 2008, 08:19 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
Updated list of isolates with H274Y

gb|EU702755.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/17/2008(H1N1)) ... 26.3 589
gb|EU716587.1| Influenza A virus (A/Washington/01/2008(H1N1))... 26.3 589
gb|EU716580.1| Influenza A virus (A/Florida/02/2008(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU567014.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/06/2008(H1N1))... 26.3 589
gb|EU567011.1| Influenza A virus (A/Indiana/01/2008(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU567009.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/13/2007(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU567006.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/14/2007(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU566999.1| Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/01/2008(H1N1)) ... 26.3 589
gb|EU566998.1| Influenza A virus (A/Maryland/04/2007(H1N1)) s... 26.3 589
gb|EU566987.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/20/2007(H1N1))... 26.3 589
gb|EU566983.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/05/2008(H1N1))... 26.3 589
gb|EU566977.1| Influenza A virus (A/Pennsylvania/02/2008(H1N1... 26.3 589
gb|EU566968.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/15/2007(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU516201.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/16/2007(H1N1))... 26.3 589
gb|EU516200.1| Influenza A virus (A/Illinois/10/2007(H1N1)) s... 26.3 589
gb|EU516199.1| Influenza A virus (A/Georgia/20/2006(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU516198.1| Influenza A virus (A/Georgia/20/2006(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU516197.1| Influenza A virus (A/Georgia/20/2006(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU516196.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/03/2007(H1N1)) se... 26.3 589
gb|EU516148.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/15/2007(H1N1))... 26.3 589
gb|EU516141.1| Influenza A virus (A/Minnesota/23/2007(H1N1)) ... 26.3 589
gb|EU516125.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hawaii/28/2007(H1N1)) seg... 26.3 589
gb|EU516123.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hawaii/28/2007(H1N1)) seg... 26.3 589
gb|EU516112.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hawaii/21/2007(H1N1)) seg... 26.3 589
gb|EU516028.1| Influenza A virus (A/Massachusetts/05/2007(H1N... 26.3 589
gb|EU516027.1| Influenza A virus (A/Texas/31/2007(H1N1)) segm... 26.3 589
gb|CY027037.1| Influenza A virus (A/Kansas/UR06-0104/2007(H1N... 26.3 589
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  #5  
Old May 21st, 2008, 08:26 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
Hong Kong is same genetic background as North America.
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  #6  
Old May 21st, 2008, 08:33 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
gb|EU702755.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/17/2008(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU716587.1| Influenza A virus (A/Washington/01/2008(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU716554.1| Influenza A virus (A/South Dakota/06/2007(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU624316.1| Influenza A virus (A/England/557/2007(H1N1)) s... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU570808.1| Influenza A virus (A/Istanbul-TR/37/2008(H1N1)... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU570806.1| Influenza A virus (A/Bursa-TR/28/2008(H1N1)) n... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU567014.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/06/2008(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU567011.1| Influenza A virus (A/Indiana/01/2008(H1N1)) se... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU567009.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/13/2007(H1N1)) se... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU567006.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/14/2007(H1N1)) se... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU566999.1| Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/01/2008(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU566998.1| Influenza A virus (A/Maryland/04/2007(H1N1)) s... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU566987.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/20/2007(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU566983.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/05/2008(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU566977.1| Influenza A virus (A/Pennsylvania/02/2008(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU566968.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/15/2007(H1N1)) se... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY030737.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/9/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU516280.1| Influenza A virus (A/South Dakota/06/2007(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU516201.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/16/2007(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU516200.1| Influenza A virus (A/Illinois/10/2007(H1N1)) s... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU516196.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/03/2007(H1N1)) se... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU516148.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/15/2007(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU516122.1| Influenza A virus (A/South Dakota/06/2007(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028782.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/California/T9001707... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028790.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/1/1986(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028437.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/7/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028429.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/4/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028189.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/30747/197... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028181.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/3/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY028173.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/2/1987(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY027509.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/2/1985(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY027525.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/8/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY027517.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/5/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY027157.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/24297/1991(H1N... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY027309.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/2/1978(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY027301.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/118/1977(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026493.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/112/1977(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026485.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/106/1977(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026477.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/105/1977(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026469.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/100/1977(H1N1)... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026461.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/10/1976(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026453.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ontario/6/1981(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026445.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ontario/3/1981(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026437.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ontario/2/1981(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026421.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/23/1976(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026301.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/2/1966(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026293.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/1/1967(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY026141.1| Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/301/1976(H1N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU139839.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/North Carolina/3688... 46.1 0.001
gb|EU139835.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/1/1968(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY025207.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/37/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY025012.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Kansas/3024/1987(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY025059.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/48/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024927.1| Influenza A virus (A/Ohio/3559/1988(H1N1)) seg... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY025004.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Arizona/148/1977(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024996.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/663/1980(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024988.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/10/1978(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024980.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/88/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024972.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/87/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024964.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/86/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024956.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/84/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024952.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/96/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024944.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/61/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY024935.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/24/1975(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022972.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/31483/1988(H1N... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022964.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/1/1987(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022996.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/629/1980(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022980.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ontario/1/1981(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022956.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/1/1977(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022319.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/1/1985(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022327.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/3/1985(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022335.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/17672/1988(H1N... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022431.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/1915/1988... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022471.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Kansas/3228/1987(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022479.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Maryland/23239/1991... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022463.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/8/1980(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022455.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/661/1980(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022447.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/641/1980(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022423.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/11/1980(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022415.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/1/1971(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022407.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/11/1978(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022399.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/1/1975(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022391.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ontario/7/1981(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022383.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Ontario/4/1981(H1N1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022375.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Nebraska/123/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022367.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/5892-7/19... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022359.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Minnesota/27/1976(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022351.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Kentucky/1/1976(H1N... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022343.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Illinois/1/1975(H1N... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022303.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/82/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022295.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/79/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022287.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/65/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022279.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/62/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022271.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/10/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022143.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/64/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022135.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/49/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022127.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/31/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022119.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/21/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022111.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/19/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022103.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/4/1976(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
dbj|AB285953.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hanoi/191/2002(H1N1)) ge... 46.1 0.001
dbj|AB285948.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hanoi/2006/2002(H1N1)) g... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022063.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/19/1976(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022071.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Iowa/1/1976(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022055.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/17/1976(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022047.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/15/1976(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022039.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/7/1976(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY022031.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/3/1976(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY021959.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/1976(H1N1)) se... 46.1 0.001
gb|DQ150435.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/IN/PU542/04 (H3N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|DQ150427.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/MI/PU243/04 (H3N1))... 46.1 0.001
gb|DQ493026.1| Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Vietnam/352/2005(... 46.1 0.001
gb|CY009918.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Tennessee/25/1977(H... 46.1 0.001
gb|DQ447185.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Taiwan/0408/2004(H3... 46.1 0.001
gb|DQ280259.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Wisconsin/238/97(H1... 46.1 0.001
gb|AY377934.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Changhua/72-10 clon... 46.1 0.001
gb|AY377930.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Taichung/200-8/2002... 46.1 0.001
gb|AY377925.1| Influenza A virus (A/swine/Chiai/77-10/2001(H3... 46.1 0.001
gb|AF342820.1| Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/10/98 (H1N1)) n... 46.1 0.001
gb|AF250363.2|AF250363 Influenza A virus (A/NJ/11/76 (H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
gb|U86144.1|IAU86144 Influenza A virus (A/Swine/Quebec/192/81... 46.1 0.001
dbj|D31946.1|FLANANJ76 Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/8/1976... 46.1 0.001
gb|M27970.1|FLAHANENJ8 Influenza A virus (A/NJ/8/1976(H1N1)) ... 46.1 0.001
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  #7  
Old May 21st, 2008, 08:38 AM
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thanks for all the updates and hard work
Avian
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Old May 21st, 2008, 08:41 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
gb|EU702755.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hong Kong/17/2008(H1N1)) ... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716597.1| Influenza A virus (A/Idaho/02/2008(H1N1)) segm... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716588.1| Influenza A virus (A/Florida/19/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716587.1| Influenza A virus (A/Washington/01/2008(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716568.1| Influenza A virus (A/Colorado/01/2008(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716554.1| Influenza A virus (A/South Dakota/06/2007(H1N1... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716543.1| Influenza A virus (A/Alaska/03/2008(H1N1)) seg... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716539.1| Influenza A virus (A/Maryland/01/2008(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716536.1| Influenza A virus (A/Idaho/01/2008(H1N1)) segm... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU716535.1| Influenza A virus (A/Florida/19/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU624316.1| Influenza A virus (A/England/557/2007(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU570808.1| Influenza A virus (A/Istanbul-TR/37/2008(H1N1)... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU570806.1| Influenza A virus (A/Bursa-TR/28/2008(H1N1)) n... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566969.2| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/04/2008(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567017.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/02/2008(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567014.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/06/2008(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567011.1| Influenza A virus (A/Indiana/01/2008(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567009.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/13/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567006.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/14/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567002.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/03/2008(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU567001.1| Influenza A virus (A/Pennsylvania/05/2008(H1N1... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566999.1| Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/01/2008(H1N1)) ... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566998.1| Influenza A virus (A/Maryland/04/2007(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566996.1| Influenza A virus (A/Wisconsin/35/2007(H1N1)) ... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566987.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/20/2007(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566983.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/05/2008(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566980.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/04/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566977.1| Influenza A virus (A/Pennsylvania/02/2008(H1N1... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566974.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Mexico/07/2007(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU566968.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/15/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516283.1| Influenza A virus (A/Florida/12/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516280.1| Influenza A virus (A/South Dakota/06/2007(H1N1... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516277.1| Influenza A virus (A/Texas/74/2007(H1N1)) segm... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516271.1| Influenza A virus (A/Florida/10/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516267.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/07/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516260.1| Influenza A virus (A/Illinois/11/2007(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516201.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/16/2007(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516200.1| Influenza A virus (A/Illinois/10/2007(H1N1)) s... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516196.1| Influenza A virus (A/Arizona/03/2007(H1N1)) se... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516148.1| Influenza A virus (A/New Jersey/15/2007(H1N1))... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516145.1| Influenza A virus (A/Texas/70/2007(H1N1)) segm... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516122.1| Influenza A virus (A/South Dakota/06/2007(H1N1... 40.1 0.039
gb|EU516117.1| Influenza A virus (A/Texas/41/2007(H1N1)) segm... 40.1 0.039
Reply With Quote
  #9  
Old May 21st, 2008, 11:18 AM
ironorehopper's Avatar
ironorehopper ironorehopper is offline
Membro del Comitato Consultivo, Editore e Direttore del Forum Italiano di FluTrackers
  
Join Date: Dec 2007
Location: PADUA
Posts: 12,355
Opinion Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
There are different questions that need to be answered regarding the strange pattern of oseltamivir-resistant-H1N1 human influenza viruses.

1) Why do European Union experience a such large variation between incidence in countries that share borders and million of citizens?

2) Is there a bias in samples' collection and testing methods?

3) Seasonal human influenza vaccines: population coverage, type of strain selected to manufacturing process, demographic stratification of different area (ie: Paris region has more than 50% resistant isolates compared with lower rate detected in southern France).

4) Movement of the population: why do countries like Italy experience low rate of resistant isolates detection but it shares important traffic route (terrestrial - road, turnpikes, railroads; aerial; by the sea) with France and no increasing of resistantance was observed?

5) Direction of the spread of influenza epidemics: North to South, East to West or viceversa.

6) Migration patterns from Africa and Europe, Asia and Europe, Middle East to Europe.

I hope at least one of these questions could find an explanation.
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  #10  
Old May 21st, 2008, 12:30 PM
HenryN HenryN is offline
Retired
  
Join Date: Feb 2006
Posts: 20,294
Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
Quote:
Originally Posted by ironorehopper View Post
There are different questions that need to be answered regarding the strange pattern of oseltamivir-resistant-H1N1 human influenza viruses.

1) Why do European Union experience a such large variation between incidence in countries that share borders and million of citizens?

2) Is there a bias in samples' collection and testing methods?

3) Seasonal human influenza vaccines: population coverage, type of strain selected to manufacturing process, demographic stratification of different area (ie: Paris region has more than 50% resistant isolates compared with lower rate detected in southern France).

4) Movement of the population: why do countries like Italy experience low rate of resistant isolates detection but it shares important traffic route (terrestrial - road, turnpikes, railroads; aerial; by the sea) with France and no increasing of resistantance was observed?

5) Direction of the spread of influenza epidemics: North to South, East to West or viceversa.

6) Migration patterns from Africa and Europe, Asia and Europe, Middle East to Europe.

I hope at least one of these questions could find an explanation.
If Europe wants answers, they should release the sequences. The latest sequence from Florida is like other Florida sequences, but it is resistant, indicating the resistance was an independent event.
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  #11  
Old May 21st, 2008, 01:07 PM
HenryN HenryN is offline
Retired
  
Join Date: Feb 2006
Posts: 20,294
Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
Quote:
Originally Posted by niman View Post
If Europe wants answers, they should release the sequences. The latest sequence from Florida is like other Florida sequences, but it is resistant, indicating the resistance was an independent event.
Fellow Floridians


Code:
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gb|CY031629.1|  Influenza A virus (A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/NCVD...  32.2    9.5  
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gb|EU716580.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Florida/02/2008(H1N1)) se...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU716535.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Florida/19/2007(H1N1)) se...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU268221.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/16/2004(H5N1)) s...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU697218.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/228-5/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU697225.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/228-6/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU697233.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/228-10/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616844.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Thailand/CU-329/07(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616852.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Thailand/CU-330/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616860.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Thailand/CU-331/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616868.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Thailand/CU-332/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616876.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Thailand/CU-333/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616884.1|  Influenza A virus (A/watercock/Thailand/CU-334...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616836.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Thailand/CU-328/07(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616826.1|  Influenza A virus (A/moorhen/Thailand/CU-317/0...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616828.1|  Influenza A virus (A/moorhen/Thailand/CU-318/0...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616830.1|  Influenza A virus (A/watercock/Thailand/CU-319...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616832.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Thailand/CU-320/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU616834.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/CU-321/0...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU650487.1|  Influenza A virus (A/falcon/Saudi Arabia/6732-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF553332.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Anhui/T5/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF553331.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Anhui/T2/2006(H5N1)) neur...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU213068.1|  Influenza A virus (A/domestic goose/Pavlodar/1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU596411.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Saudi Arabia/6732-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU574921.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Israel/1055/2008(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU532425.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Shanghai/01/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029769.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/57/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029761.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/56/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029753.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/55/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029737.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/53/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029721.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/51/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029713.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/50/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
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gb|CY029697.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/48/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029689.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/43/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029681.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/41/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029665.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/38/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029657.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/37/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029649.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/34/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029641.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/33/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029633.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/29/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029625.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/18/2007(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029617.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/15/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029609.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/8/2007(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029601.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/7/2007(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029593.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/6/2007(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029585.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/5/2007(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029577.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/4/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029569.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/2/2007(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029561.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/1/2007(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029553.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/1771/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029545.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/1469/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029537.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Muscovy duck/Vietnam/1455...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029529.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/1233/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029521.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/1231/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029513.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/1228/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651461.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/YU22/2002(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651460.2|  Influenza A virus (A/SCk/HK/YU100/2002(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY575890.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/96.1/02 (H5N1)) neu...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AF509102.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Hong Kong/822.1/0...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AF509097.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Silky Chicken/Hong Kong/S...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443572.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443571.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443570.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443569.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Czech Republic/11...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443568.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Czech Republic/103...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443567.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443566.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Mergus albellus/Slovakia/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443565.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Peregrine falcon/Slovakia...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443564.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU445682.1|  Influenza A virus (A/houbara bustard/Saudi Ara...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029505.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/522/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029498.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/485/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029491.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/426/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029484.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/207/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029477.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/6957/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029470.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/6885/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029463.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/6797/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029456.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/6603/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029449.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/6080/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029442.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5948/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029435.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/5686/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029428.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5169/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029421.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5090/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029414.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/4645/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029407.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/4072/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029400.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/1628/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029393.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/1252/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029386.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/1251/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029379.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/1083/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029372.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/662/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029365.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/564/2003(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029358.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/215/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029351.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/119/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029344.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Yunnan/1215/2002(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029337.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/971/2002(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029330.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/862/2002(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029323.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/733/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029316.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/533/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029302.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/782/2003(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029295.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/378/2003(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029288.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/300/2003(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029281.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/1340/2002(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029274.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/795/2002(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029267.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hunan/23/2002(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029260.1|  Influenza A virus (A/silky chicken/Shantou/475...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029253.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chukar/Shantou/4690/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029246.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Shantou/3744/2003...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029225.1|  Influenza A virus (A/silky chicken/Shantou/541...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029218.1|  Influenza A virus (A/silky chicken/Shantou/540...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029211.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Shantou/133/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029204.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pheasant/Shantou/40/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029197.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pheasant/Shantou/4567/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029190.1|  Influenza A virus (A/silky chicken/Shantou/407...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029183.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Shantou/4059/2002...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029176.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Shantou/3900/2002...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029162.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Shantou/3071/2002(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029155.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Shantou/3054/2002(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029148.1|  Influenza A virus (A/partridge/Shantou/1075/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029001.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Shantou/195/2001(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU516283.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Florida/12/2007(H1N1)) se...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU516271.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Florida/10/2007(H1N1)) se...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU441936.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pigeon/Rostov-on-Don/6/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU441928.1|  Influenza A virus (A/muscovy duck/Rostov-on-Do...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU443628.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Scotland/143...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU486854.1|  Influenza A virus (A/starling/Rostov-on-Don/39...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF605599.2|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Russia_Krasnodar/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029998.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR9/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029990.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR8/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029982.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR7/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029974.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR6/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029966.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR5/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029958.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR3/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029950.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kuwait/KISR2/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429764.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/58/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429763.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/51/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429757.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/40/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429754.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/253/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429750.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/145/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429747.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/304/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429731.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/150/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429727.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/318/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU429723.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Eastern China/213/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU430497.1|  Influenza A virus (A/domestic mallard/Hunan/67...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU430510.1|  Influenza A virus (A/domestic mallard/Hunan/79...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY029939.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/15/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU401753.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Rostov-on-Don/35/...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM498624.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/France/06631a/...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM498622.1|  Influenza A virus (A/greylag goose/France/063...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM498619.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/France/06303/2...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM498618.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/France/06222-1.1/...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM498617.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common pochard/France/06...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU401799.1|  Influenza A virus (A/peacock/Mansehra-Pakistan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU401798.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Lahore-Pakistan/NAR...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU401797.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Islamabad-Pakistan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF395821.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/France/06299/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF362428.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/India/NIV33491/06...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF362420.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/India/NIV33487/06...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU402400.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Rostov/22-1/2007(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148446.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-30/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148438.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-29/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148430.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-23/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148422.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-22/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148414.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-15/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148406.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-10/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148398.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-9/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148390.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-7/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148382.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-5/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148374.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-4/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148366.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-3/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU148358.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1071-1/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY028718.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/24/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY028710.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/23/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY028702.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/10/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU294373.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/HN31242/2007(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU294372.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/HN31242/2007(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233701.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Korea/IS3/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233677.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Korea/IS/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233685.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Korea/IS2/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233693.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Korea/CA7/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233709.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Korea/Asan5/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233717.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Korea/Asan6/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233725.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Korea/KJ4/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233733.1|  Influenza A virus (A/environment/Korea/W149/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233741.1|  Influenza A virus (A/environment/Korea/W150/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM492166.2|  Influenza A virus (A/stone marten/Germany/R74...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU221248.1|  Influenza A virus (A/clouded leopard/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM749444.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/Germany/R1359/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU257632.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus cygnus/Krasnodar/3...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112344.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112343.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112342.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112341.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112340.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112339.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112338.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112337.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112336.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112335.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112334.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112333.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112332.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112331.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112330.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112329.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112328.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112327.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112326.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112325.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112324.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112323.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112321.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112320.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112319.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112318.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Bangkok...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF112317.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Bangkok...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM773725.1|  Influenza A virus (A/black-necked grebe/Germa...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM749445.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/Germany/R1349/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU277843.1|  Influenza A virus (A/guinea fowl/Burkina Faso/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU277835.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Burkina Faso/1347...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU233418.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/ICRC-V14...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU189941.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Surat/Gujrat/Indi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152226.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common pochard/Switzerlan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152225.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common pochard/Switzerlan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152224.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Switzerland/V558/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152223.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common coot/Switzerland/V...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152222.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Switzerland/V537/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152221.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common pochard/Switzerlan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152220.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tufted duck/Switzerland/V...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152219.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Switzerland/V487/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152218.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Switzerland/V426/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152217.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Switzerland/V389/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152216.1|  Influenza A virus (A/little grebe/Switzerland/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU152215.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/Switzerland/V68...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146633.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/7/2005(H5N1)) s...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146642.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/175H/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146650.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/160H/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146658.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/195H/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146666.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/239H/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146674.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/245H/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146682.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/283H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146689.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/286H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146699.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/298H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146707.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/304H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146715.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/292H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146723.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/321H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146731.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/341H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146803.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/567H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146779.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/542H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146827.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/604H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146819.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/583H/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146623.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/5/2005(H5N1)) s...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU163433.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Krasnodar/300/07(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ990005.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ989997.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ989989.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ989981.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Suphanb...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ989971.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ989963.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open-billed stork/Nakhons...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146881.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/3/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146882.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Egypt/902782/2006(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146883.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Egypt/902786/2006(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146886.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Azerbaijan/006-207/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146887.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Azerbaijan/008-208/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146888.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Azerbaijan/011-162/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146889.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Azerbaijan/001-161/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146890.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Azerbaijan/002-115/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146891.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/1/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146892.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/2/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU146921.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Nigeria/6e/07(H5N1)) segm...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU137673.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Turkey/986/2006/(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124233.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Swan/Indonesia/Magelang16...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124231.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Garut16...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124230.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Bandung...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124225.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Lampung...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124224.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Rejang ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124223.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Bangka ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124222.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Bangka ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124221.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Belitun...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124220.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Pekenba...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124219.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Pigeon/Indonesia/Rohkit16...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124218.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Agam163...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124217.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Siak163...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124216.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Padang1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124183.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Soppeng...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124133.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Indramayu/BBVW109/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124131.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Pali/BBVW/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124130.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Bandar Lampung/BP...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124129.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Way Kanan/BPPV111...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124128.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Sembawa/BPPV111/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124127.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Palembang/BPPV111...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124126.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Paulau Rampang/BP...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124125.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Padang/BPPV11/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124124.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Pakunbaru/BPPV11/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124123.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Siak/BPPV11/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124122.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Rokan Hilli/BPPV1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124120.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Murao Jambi/BPPV1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124119.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Salam/BBPV11/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124118.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Agam/BBPV1/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124117.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Medan/BBPV1-498/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124116.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Pidie/BBPV1/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124115.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Medan/BBPV1-534/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124114.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Deli Derdang/BBPV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124113.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Turkey/Langkat/BBPV1/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124112.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Medan/BBPV1-576/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124111.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Langkat/BBPV1/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124110.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Taput/BBPV1/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124109.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Karo/BBPV1/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124074.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Duck/IBufeleng/BPPV1/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124059.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Wates12...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124056.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Wates13...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU124055.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Indonesia/Wates1/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU118144.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/TY25/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU118142.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/G62/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU118141.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/G04/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU118138.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/5003/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU118127.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/TY31/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF537887.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Doualare/Cameroon/32...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ887063.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jalgaon/8824/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY024900.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pekin duck/Italy/1848/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EU021253.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/CU88/2006(H1N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523705.1|  Influenza A virus (A/great crested grebe/Denma...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523704.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Denmark/7275...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523703.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tufted duck/Denmark/6540/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523702.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Denmark/7224...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523701.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tufted duck/Denmark/6431/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523700.1|  Influenza A virus (A/peregrine/Denmark/6632/06...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523699.1|  Influenza A virus (A/peacock/Denmark/60295/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523698.1|  Influenza A virus (A/grey lag goose/Denmark/66...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF523697.1|  Influenza A virus (A/buzzard/Denmark/6370/06(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF178533.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/VSMU-23-CB...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF178530.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/VSMU-11-SP...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF178529.1|  Influenza A virus (A/brown-headed gull/Thailan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF178519.1|  Influenza A virus (A/golden pheasant/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF178507.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tree sparrow/Thailand/VSM...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ822562.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Qinghai/01/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ822561.1|  Influenza A virus (A/black-headed gull/Qinghai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ822560.1|  Influenza A virus (A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF670483.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/14/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF670480.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/15/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF624252.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ghana/3160-NAMRU3...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF624251.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ghana/3159-NAMRU3...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF624250.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ghana/3158-NAMRU3...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF587279.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Beijing/01/2003(H5N1)) se...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF620000.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Turkey/65596/2006(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF619992.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Turkey/651242/2006(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF619988.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Turkey/15/2006(H5N1)) seg...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF619981.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Turkey/12/2006(H5N1)) seg...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF619973.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503026.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/FA4/2006...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503025.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/AB14/200...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503024.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/IF10/200...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503023.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/FA6/2006...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503022.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/BA210/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503021.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/BA211/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503020.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/AB13/200...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503019.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/OD9/2006...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503018.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/FA7/2006...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503017.1|  Influenza A virus (A/hooded vulture/Burkina F...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM503016.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Burkina Faso/13....  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF593104.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/vsmu-3-B...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM262565.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/BA211/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM262564.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/BA210/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM262563.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/SO494/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM262562.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/SO493/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM262561.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/SO452/20...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM262560.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/SO300/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532643.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Gaza/760/2006(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532642.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Gaza/714/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532641.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Gaza/713/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532640.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Israel/625/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532639.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Gaza/450/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532638.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Israel/446/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532637.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Israel/397/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532636.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Israel/365/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532635.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Israel/364/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532634.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Israel/345/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF532633.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Gaza/834/2006(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF566216.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Viet Nam/367/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF566214.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Viet Nam/NCVD12/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF566213.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Viet Nam/NCVD10/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF566212.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Viet Nam/NCVD09/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ520854.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hubei/3/2005(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541395.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/5/05(H5N1)) seg...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541476.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Laos/7191/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541475.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/1/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541473.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/Chaiyaphum/622/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541472.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/SP83/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541471.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/Kan353/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541470.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/16/2004(H5N1)) s...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541467.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1203/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541466.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1194/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF541464.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Korea/es/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205174.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Tula/4/05(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205173.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Krasnodar/123/06(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205172.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Suzdalka/12/05(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205171.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Krasnoozerskoe/627/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205170.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Suzdalka/10/05(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205169.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Omsk/14/05(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF205168.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Suzdalka/06/05(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF512562.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Prachinburi/6231/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY021519.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ivory Coast/1787-...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403155.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tufted duck/Germany/R124...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403154.1|  Influenza A virus (A/stork/Germany/R1239/06(H...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403153.1|  Influenza A virus (A/great crested grebe/Germ...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403152.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Canada goose/Germany/R12...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403151.1|  Influenza A virus (A/eagle owl/Germany/R1166/...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403150.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Germany/R1077/06(...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403149.1|  Influenza A virus (A/falcon/Germany/R899/06(H...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403148.1|  Influenza A virus (A/gull/Germany/R882/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403147.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common buzzard/Germany/R...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403146.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/Germany/R854/0...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403145.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Germany/R751/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403144.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Germany/R696/06(H5...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403143.1|  Influenza A virus (A/coot/Germany/R655/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403142.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cat/Germany/R606/06(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403141.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Germany/R603/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403140.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Germany/R592/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403139.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pochard/Germany/R348/06(...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403138.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Germany/R338/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403137.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common buzzard/Germany/R...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403136.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cormorant/Germany/R292/0...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403135.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Germany/R88...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403134.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Canada goose/Germany/R71...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM403133.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/Germany/R65/06...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486249.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Egypt/1888N3-SM25/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486247.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Egypt/12380N3-CLEVB/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486245.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/1891N3-CLEV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486244.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/1890N3-HK45...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486243.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/1889N3-SM26...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486242.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/12379N3-CLE...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486241.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/12378N3-CLE...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF486240.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/1129N3-HK9/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF447431.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Russia_Moscow obl...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY021391.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sudan/2115-10/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY021375.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Afghanistan/1573-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020711.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Ivory Coast/4372-4...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020703.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Ivory Coast/4372-3...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020695.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Ivory Coast/4372-2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020679.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sudan/2115-12/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020671.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sudan/2115-9/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020663.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sudan/1784-8/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020655.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Egypt/2253-2/2006(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020647.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Egypt/2253-1/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020639.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Afghanistan/1573-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020631.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Afghanistan/1573-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020623.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Afghanistan/1573-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY020351.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cygnus olor/Italy/808/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF474448.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Moscow/2/2007(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF441270.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/England/250/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473078.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Cambodia/022LC3b/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473077.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Cambodia/022LC2b/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473076.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Cambodia/013LC1b/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473071.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Cambodia/28/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473067.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Cambodia/022b/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473083.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Indonesia/11/2003...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF473082.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF467814.1|  Influenza A virus (A/RB Pochard/Hong Kong/821/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF467811.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hong Kong/YU357/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF467801.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/2/04(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY553832.2|  Influenza A virus (A/little grebe/Thailand/Phi...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF456801.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/JP14/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF456800.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/JP4207/2005(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF456796.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/JP178/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF456793.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cambodia/JP52a/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF446781.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Hungary/3413/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF446773.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Hungary/2823/2/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF382360.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Egypt/0636-NAMRU3/2007(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019434.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1047S/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019426.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1047/2007(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019418.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1046T/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019410.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1046/2007(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019402.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1032T/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019394.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1032N/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019386.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1032/2007(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019378.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1031RE2/2007...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019370.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1031T2/2007(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019362.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1031T/2007(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY019354.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC1031/2007(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF222324.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Egypt/12374-NAMRU3/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ835315.1|  Influenza A virus (A/China/GD01/2006(H5N1)) se...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124796.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Owston's civet/Vietnam/1/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165588.1|  Influenza A virus (A/great crested grebe/Bavar...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165587.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Bavaria/21/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165586.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goosander/Bavaria/20/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165585.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goldeneye duck/Bavaria/19...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165584.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goosander/Bavaria/18/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165583.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Bavaria/17/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165582.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Bavaria/16/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165581.1|  Influenza A virus (A/falcon/Bavaria/15/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165580.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Bavaria/14/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165579.1|  Influenza A virus (A/buzzard/Bavaria/13/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165578.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mute swan/Bavaria/12/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165577.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common buzzard/Bavaria/11...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165576.1|  Influenza A virus (A/eagle owl/Bavaria/10/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165575.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tufted duck/Bavaria/9/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165574.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common pochard/Bavaria/7/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165573.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Bavaria/6/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165572.1|  Influenza A virus (A/buzzard/Bavaria/5/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF165571.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tufted duck/Bavaria/4/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY834280.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Tiger/Thailand/VSMU-1-SPB...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017727.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pintail/Ohio/25/1999(H1N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017719.1|  Influenza A virus (A/green-winged teal/Ohio/72...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017690.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC887/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014545.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC759/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014531.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC739/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017680.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC836T/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017672.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC836/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017664.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC835/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124339.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2143/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124338.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/1951/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124337.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1898/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124336.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1830/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124335.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1633/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124334.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1550/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124333.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/1458/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124332.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1436/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124331.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/1258/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124330.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/1212/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124329.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/3644/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124328.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guiyang/4180/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124326.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guiyang/237/2006(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124310.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/3315/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124309.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Guinea fowl/Shantou/1341/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124308.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guiyang/3570/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124307.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guiyang/3422/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124306.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guiyang/3242/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124305.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guiyang/3055/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124304.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guiyang/3009/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124301.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/5299/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124300.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5236/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124299.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/6332/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124298.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/6027/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124297.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5877/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124296.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/4804/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124295.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/4589/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124293.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/4400/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124292.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/4129/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124291.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/3720/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124290.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/4665/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124289.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/4196/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124288.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/4184/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124287.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/4016/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124286.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/3819/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124285.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/3791/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124284.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/3741/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124283.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/3714/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124282.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/3548/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124281.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/3364/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124280.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/3316/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124279.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/3154/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124278.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/3085/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124277.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/3017/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124276.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2926/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124275.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/2775/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124272.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/463/2006(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124235.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/744/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124232.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/392/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124231.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/288/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124230.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guangxi/224/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124218.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/5539/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124217.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5133/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124216.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/6607/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124215.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Yunnan/6368/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124214.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5820/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124213.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Yunnan/5251/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124212.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pheasant/Shantou/2239/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124211.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guiyang/2173/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124210.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guiyang/2147/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124209.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/89/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124208.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guiyang/441/2006(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124207.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Guiyang/337/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124206.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guiyang/2231/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124198.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common magpie/Hong Kong/3...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124197.1|  Influenza A virus (A/house crow/Hong Kong/2858...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124196.1|  Influenza A virus (A/house crow/Hong Kong/2648...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124195.1|  Influenza A virus (A/large-billed crow/Hong Ko...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124194.1|  Influenza A virus (A/white-backed munia/Hong K...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124193.1|  Influenza A virus (A/munia/Hong Kong/2454/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124192.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common magpie/Hong Kong/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124191.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common magpie/Hong Kong/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF124190.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Japanese white-eye/Hong K...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017656.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC940/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017648.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC938E/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017640.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC938/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
dbj|AB284326.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common goldeneye/Mongoli...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ842490.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Guangzhou/1/2006(H5N1)) n...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ535726.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/PEV16T/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF057804.1|  Synthetic construct neuraminidase (NA) gene, c...  32.2    9.5  
gb|EF057803.1|  Synthetic construct neuraminidase (NA) gene, c...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM397635.2|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Romania/2/05(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ914816.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Shanxi/2/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017181.1|  Influenza A virus (A/guinea fowl/Nigeria/957-1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ999881.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/PC-168/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ999888.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/PC-170/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997077.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swine/Anhui/cb/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997539.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/xv/2002(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997173.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hubei/wq/2003(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ885620.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/NA60/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ885617.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/RPNP/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ885615.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/RPFE/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ885613.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/NKNP/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ885611.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/NKFE/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017053.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Viet Nam/15/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017061.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/17/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017069.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Viet Nam/18/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017045.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Slovenia/760/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017037.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cygnus olor/Italy/742/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY017029.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Niger/914/2006(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016957.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Ohio/66/1999(H1N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997333.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/hl/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997254.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swine/Henan/wy/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997263.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swine/Guangxi/wz/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016869.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/10/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016837.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/2/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016845.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/6/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016853.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/8/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016861.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/9/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016885.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Viet Nam/12/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997211.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Guangxi/wt/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997277.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Jilin/hb/2003(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997532.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Shanghai/xj/2002(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997164.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hubei/wp/2003(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997284.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/hd/2002(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997271.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/ha/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997157.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wo/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016805.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Cote d'Ivoire/1787-1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016813.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Cote d'Ivoire/178...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016949.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1047-34/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016941.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1047-30/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016933.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1047-62/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016925.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1047-54/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016917.1|  Influenza A virus (A/ostrich/Nigeria/1047-25/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016909.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/1047-8/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016901.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Egypt/2253-3/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016821.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cygnus olor/Croatia/1/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016797.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Italy/835/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016789.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Afghanistan/1207/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016781.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cygnus cygnus/Iran/754/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ676836.2|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Krasnodar/01/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997300.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/hg/2002(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997292.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/he/2002(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997150.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wn/2003(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997143.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wm/1997(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997134.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wl/1997(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997125.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wk/1997(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997115.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wj/1997(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997220.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Henan/wu/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ997103.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/wh/1997(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ643984.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cat/Germany/606/2006(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ464355.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Germany/R65/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016302.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sudan/1784-10/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016294.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sudan/1784-7/2006...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016286.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/957-20/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY016278.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/641/2006(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY015478.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Ohio/249/1998(H6N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014539.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC742/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ188912.1|  Influenza A virus (A/wild duck/Shanghai/59/04(...  32.2    9.5  
dbj|AB271116.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hokkaido/55/96(H1N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014515.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC644/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014507.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC644T/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014502.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC699/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014494.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC669P/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014486.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC669/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014462.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC634T/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014454.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC634P/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014446.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC634/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014398.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC610/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014386.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC582/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014378.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC523T/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014370.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC523E/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014313.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC523/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014240.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC194P/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014239.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC326/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014238.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC287E/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014237.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC184/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014236.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC326N/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014235.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC329/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014234.1|  Influenza A virus (A/feline/Indonesia/CDC1/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014233.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC390/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014232.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC370E/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014231.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC370/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014230.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC357/2006(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014229.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC326T/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014228.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC292T/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014227.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC292N/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014194.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Indonesia/CDC24/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014187.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Indonesia/CDC25/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY014179.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Indonesia/CDC7/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ914809.1|  Influenza A virus (A/grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-1/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ861293.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Tuva/01/2006(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ863507.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-8/2006(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ864710.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Novosibirsk/02/05(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ884460.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/486A/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ659680.1|  Influenza A virus (A/common bussard/Bavaria/2/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ852601.1|  Influenza A virus (A/grebe/Tyva/Tyv06-2/06(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY012826.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Ohio/56/1999(H1N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ840523.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Tula/Russia/Oct-5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ840522.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Astrakhan/Russia/Nov...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ366340.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/13/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ366332.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangxi/12/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ836044.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Huadong/220/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
dbj|AB265202.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/2/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ650665.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Crimea/08/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ650661.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Crimea/04/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM183682.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Indonesia/R60/05...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM183681.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Indonesia/R134/0...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM183680.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/China/1204/04(H5...  32.2    9.5  
emb|AM183679.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/P22/05(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ676832.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Mahachkala/05/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ659325.1|  Influenza A virus (St Jude H5N1 influenza seed...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ659324.1|  Influenza A virus (St Jude H5N1 influenza seed...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ137874.1|  Influenza A virus (A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ530175.1|  Influenza A Virus (A/dog/Thailand-Suphanburi/K...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ534021.1|  Influenza A virus A/Cygnus olor/Czech Republic...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ529296.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nigeria/641/2006(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ533581.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Italy/742/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493078.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL2009/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493077.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL119/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493076.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL115/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493075.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL105/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493074.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL100/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493073.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL36/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493072.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL26/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493071.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL20/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493070.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL17/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493069.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL02/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493068.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL01/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493067.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/132/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493066.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/543/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493064.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Vietnam/177/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493063.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/134/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493062.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/159/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493060.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Vietnam/282/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493059.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/53/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493058.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/557/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493057.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/283/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493056.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Vietnam/264/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493055.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/260/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493054.1|  Influenza A virus (A/wild bird/Vietnam/434/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493053.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/376/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493052.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/398/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493051.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/148/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493050.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/147/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493049.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/133/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493047.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/52/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493046.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/286/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493043.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/S640/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493042.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/8/2003(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493041.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/5/2003(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493040.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/4/2003(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493039.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Vietnam/3/2003(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493036.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/32/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493035.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/N-XX/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493034.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/220/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493033.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/219/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493031.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/30/2003(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493030.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/28/2003(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493029.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Vietnam/21/2003(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493028.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/20/2003(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493023.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/272/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493022.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/40/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493021.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/17/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493019.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Vietnam/15/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493018.1|  Influenza A virus (A/turkey/Kedaton/BPPV3/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493017.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Tarutung/BPPVI/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493016.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Deli Serdang/BPPV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493015.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Dairi/BPPVI/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493014.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Tebing Tinggi/BPP...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493013.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Simalanggang/BPPV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493012.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Pangkalpinang/BPP...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493010.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kupang-3-NTT/BPPV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493009.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kupang-2-NTT/BPPV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493008.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Parepare/BBVM/2005(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493007.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Mangarai-NTT/BPPV...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493006.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jembrana/BPPV6/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493005.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Bangli Bali/BBPV6...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493004.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Bangli Bali/BPPV6...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493002.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Purwakarta/BBVet-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ493000.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Gunung Kidal/BBVW...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492999.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kulon Progo/BBVet...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492998.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Yogjakarta/BBVet-IX...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492997.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Purworejo/BBVW/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492996.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Boyolali/BPPV4/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492995.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Sragen/BPPV4/2003...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492994.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Pekalongan/BPPV4/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492993.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ngawi/BPPV4/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492992.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Magetan/BBVW/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ492991.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Malang/BBVet-IV/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ458993.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Bavaria/1/2006(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ449642.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Kurgan/08/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ449634.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kurgan/05/2005(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ440579.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ236086.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pigeon/Thailand/KU-03/04(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ236078.1|  Influenza A virus (A/cat/Thailand/KU-02/04(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ230524.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Novosibirsk/56/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ230523.1|  Influenza A virus (A/grebe/Novosibirsk/29/2005...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ182482.1|  Influenza A virus (A/crested eagle/Belgium/01/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY720948.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/DN-33/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY720946.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Viet Nam/TG-007A/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY720943.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/DT-171/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ212791.1|  Influenza A virus (A/goose/Novosibirsk/4/2005(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ023147.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/China/1/02(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ211928.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/zhoukou/2/02/(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ211927.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/zhengzhou/1/02/(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ211926.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/jiyuan/1/03/(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY770078.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Hubei/489/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY679513.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/LFPN-2004/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY653195.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Jilin/9/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY646425.1|  Influenza virus A (A/swine/Shandong/2/03(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY585418.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Zhejiang/11/2000(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY585413.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Shanghai/08/2001(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY585411.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangxi/50/2001(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY585405.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangdong/12/2000(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY585402.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Fujian/19/2000(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY575888.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/61.9/02 (H5N1)) neu...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY575886.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/HK/821/02 (H5N1)) neur...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY575891.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/409.1/02 (H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY575889.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/YU777/02 (H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY590566.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-LV/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY590564.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/CU-K1N1/...  32.2    9.5  
dbj|AB239318.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/4/...  32.2    9.5  
dbj|AB239311.1|  Influenza A virus (A/whooper swan/Mongolia/3/...  32.2    9.5  
dbj|AB212650.1|  Influenza A virus (A/blow fly/Kyoto/93/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AC151916.19|  Medicago truncatula clone mth2-57h18, complet...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ389159.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950250.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Guangxi/307/2004 (H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950249.1|  Influenza A virus (A/WildDuck/Guangdong/314/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950248.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Henan/16/2004 (H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950247.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Henan/13/2004 (H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950246.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Henan/12/2004 (H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950245.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Henan/210/2004 (H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY950244.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Henan/01/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083621.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Mynas/Ranong/Thailand/CU-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083620.1|  Influenza A virus (A/sparrow/Phang-Nga/Thailan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083619.1|  Influenza A virus (A/pigeon/Samut Prakan/Thail...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083617.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Saraburi/Thailand/CU...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083616.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Chonburi/Thailand...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083615.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Nakhon Pathom/Thaila...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083614.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ratchaburi/Thaila...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083613.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nakhon Sawan/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083612.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Lopburi/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083611.1|  Influenza A virus (A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083610.1|  Influenza A virus (A/ostrich/Samut Prakan/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083609.1|  Influenza A virus (A/white peafowl/Bangkok/Tha...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083608.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Saraburi/Thailand...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083607.1|  Influenza A virus (A/rollers/Bangkok/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083606.1|  Influenza A virus (A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083605.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ayutthaya/Thailan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083604.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Bangkok/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083603.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ostrich/Samut Prakan/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083602.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Kalji Pheasant/Bangkok/Th...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083601.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Saraburi/Thailand...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083600.1|  Influenza A virus (A/white peafowl/Bangkok/Tha...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083599.1|  Influenza A virus (A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083598.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nakhon Pathom/Tha...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083597.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nakhon Sawan/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083596.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nakhon Sawan/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083595.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Chachoengsao/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083594.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Chachoengsao/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083593.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Suphanburi/Thaila...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083592.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Prachinburi/Thail...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083591.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Chonburi/Thailand...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083590.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Bangkok/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083589.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Chonburi/Thailand/CU...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083588.1|  Influenza A virus (A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/CU-...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083587.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Bangkok/Thailand/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ083586.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Suphanburi/Thaila...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ103713.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Thailand/KU-KPS/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY728895.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/HauGiang...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY728893.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/HauGiang...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250165.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL2009/2005(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250164.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL119/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250163.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL115/2005(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250162.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL100/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250161.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL36/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250160.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL26/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ250159.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Vietnam/CL01/2004(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ363924.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ363919.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Cygnus olor/Astrakhan/Ast...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095671.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Duck/Hunan/191/05(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095670.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hunan/114/05(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095668.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Goose/Shantou/1621/05(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095667.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Quail/Shantou/911/05(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095666.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Shantou/810/05(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095665.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Yunnan/493/05(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095664.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Chicken/Yunnan/447/05(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095663.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095662.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095661.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095660.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095659.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095658.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095657.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095656.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Brown-headed Gull/Qinghai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095655.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095654.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Great Black-headed Gull/Q...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095653.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ095652.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Bar-headed Goose/Qinghai/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651484.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/YN/6445/2003(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651483.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/YN/6255/2003(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651482.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/YN/115/2004(H5N1)) neu...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651481.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/YN/374/2004(H5N1)) neu...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651480.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/ST/4231/2003(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651479.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/ST/4003/2003(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651478.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ph/ST/44/2004(H5N1)) neur...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651477.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/HN/303/2004(H5N1)) neu...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651476.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/HN/101/2004(H5N1)) neu...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651475.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/HN/5806/2003(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651474.1|  Influenza A virus (A/peregrine falcon/HK/D0028...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651472.1|  Influenza A virus (A/feral pigeon/HK/862.7/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651469.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/WF157/2003(H5N1)) n...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651468.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/SSP141/2003(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651467.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/NT93/2003(H5N1)) ne...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651466.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/2133.1/2003(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651465.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/YU324/2003(H5N1)) n...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651463.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/HK/3169.1/2002(H5N1)) ...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651456.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/Viet Nam/11/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651455.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Viet Nam/C57/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651454.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Viet Nam/39/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651453.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Viet Nam/38/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651452.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Viet Nam/37/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651451.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Viet Nam/36/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651450.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Viet Nam/35/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651449.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/33/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651448.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/3062/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651447.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1203/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651446.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/3046/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651445.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1194/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651444.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Gs/Thailand/79/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651443.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/Thailand/71.1/2004(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651442.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Qa/Thailand/57/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651441.1|  Influenza A virus (A/bird/Thailand/3.1/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651440.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Thailand/9.1/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651439.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Thailand/1/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651438.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Thailand/73/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651437.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Indonesia/4/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651436.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Indonesia/5/2004(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651435.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Indonesia/2A/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651434.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Dk/Indonesia/MS/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651433.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Indonesia/PA/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY651432.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/2003(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|CY004505.1|  Influenza A virus (A/mallard/ALB/267/1996(H1N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ100565.1|  Influenza A virus (A/great black-headed gull/Q...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ100564.1|  Influenza A virus (A/black-headed gull/Qinghai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ100563.1|  Influenza A virus (A/black-headed goose/Qingha...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ100562.1|  Influenza A virus (A/black-headed goose/Qingha...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY737308.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Guangdong/173/04(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY737299.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangdong/178/04(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY609314.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Guangdong/174/04(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ334778.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/Nontabur...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ334770.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Thailand/Nakhon Pat...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ334762.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/Kanchana...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY590567.2|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Nakorn-Patom/Thai...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY972546.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T8/04(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY972545.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T6/04(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY972544.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T5/04(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY972543.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T4/04(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY866476.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T7/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY842936.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Thailand/CU-T3/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY779051.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/CU-21/20...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY779049.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Thailand/CU-2/2004 (...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY770992.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Ayutthaya/Thailan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY660558.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Kalji pheasant/Bangkok/Th...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY660556.1|  Influenza A virus (A/open bill/Bangkok/Thailan...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY660555.1|  Influenza A virus (A/white peafowl/Bangkok/Tha...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY660554.1|  Influenza A virus (A/crow/Bangkok/Thailand/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY646176.1|  Influenza A virus (A/leopard/Suphanburi/Thaila...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY646168.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tiger/Suphanburi/Thailand...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY577316.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/4(SP-528)/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY577315.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/3(SP-83)/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY555152.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/2(SP-33)/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ320136.1|  Influenza A virus (A/swan/Astrakhan/1/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY676044.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Korea/ESD1/03(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY676043.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Korea/ES/03(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY676041.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Hong Kong/821/02(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ323673.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Kurgan/3/2005(H5N...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094292.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/HG-207/2005(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094291.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/DT-036/2005(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094290.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/BL-014/2005(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094289.1|  Influenza A virus (A/duck/Viet Nam/CM-V7/2004(...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094287.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/LD-080/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094286.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/HG-178/2004(H5N1...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094285.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/KG-076/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094284.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/DN-045/2...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ094283.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Viet Nam/HCM-022/...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY818143.1|  Influenza A virus (A/quail/Vietnam/36/04(H5N1)...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY818142.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Vietnam/C58/04(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY818141.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Viet Nam/1203/2004(H5N1))...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY649383.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Thailand/CH-2/200...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY555151.2|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004(H5...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY627886.1|  Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/5(KK-494)/2004(H...  32.2    9.5  
gb|AY741218.1|  Influenza A virus (A/tree sparrow/Henan/2/2004...  32.2    9.5  
gb|DQ279300.1|  Influenza A virus (A/chicken/Tula/10/2005(H5N1...  32.2    9.5
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  #12  
Old May 21st, 2008, 05:48 PM
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
Welcome to FluTrackers AvianPhlu
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How did Christchurch cope in the 1918 influenza Pandemic

New Zealand H1N1 news and response
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Old May 21st, 2008, 06:35 PM
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Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/05...Y_Florida.html
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  #14  
Old May 25th, 2008, 07:26 PM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by niman View Post
Commentary

Curious Tamiflu Resistance in Florida
Recombinomics Commentary 23:30
May 21, 2008

Lina's team tested more than 2,600 samples of flu viruses from patients in Europe and found baffling patterns of this resistance that appeared to have nothing to do with actual use of Tamiflu.

For instance in France, 54 percent of those tested in Paris carried the mutation that would give resistance to Tamiflu, compared to 29 percent in southeastern France. "Which makes absolutely no sense," Lina said.
Patients showed no difference in their symptoms if they were infected with resistant virus, he noted.
"It's difficult to understand. I have no idea why these viruses emerged," he said.

The above comments indicate that the influenza experts are still baffled by the sudden emergence of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance in H1N1. Although H274Y was thought to develop with an associated fitness penalty, the rapid spread of the polymorphisms clear shows that there is no fitness penalty.

Some of the sequences have been made public, including a recent partial sequence from Hong Kong. It was virtually identical to isolates from England, Turkey, and multiple locations in the US, further confirming that the H1N1 with H274Y was fit.

However, in the US the change has appeared on multiple genetic backgrounds, indicating spread was also facilitated by independent events. The change first began to appear in public sequences from the 2006/2007 season. These initial isolated were the New Caledonia strain. However, this season the incidence increased markedly and the H274Y was on a Brisbane genetic background. The movement of H274Y from one genetic background to another can be accomplished by recombination, and the timing of the initial outbreaks raise concerns that they originated in H5N1, which has the identical change and has been reported in patients as well as wild birds.

In the US, the change also appeared in isolates from Hawaii, which mapped with other isolates from Hawaii and California. The detection of H274Y in a subset of isolates on this branch indicates these patients were infected more recently.

Similarly, one of the newly released sequences from Florida, A/Florida/02/2008, also had the change, and it mapped with other isolates from Florida which did not have the change, again signaling a recent independent event. However, these Florida isolates also share a polymorphism that is almost exclusively found in N1 from H5N1 (see list here) again signaling recombination between N1 in H1N1 and N1 in H5N1.

In addition to avian polymorphisms in human isolates, there have been human polymorphisms in avian isolates, as described in the PB2 gene in H5N1 isolates in Egypt, suggesting there may be significant interactions between these viruses. Last season Egypt reported a large number of mild cases in its central and southern regions. Only one in 17 confirmed cases was fatal and most patients did not develop pneumonia. Such cases could be far greater than the number confirmed, because mild cases would frequently resolve without hospitalization or testing.

Thus, these interactions could be significant, and could explain the sudden appearance of H274Y in H1N1 following prophylactic use if oseltamivir to control H5N1.


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Old May 25th, 2008, 07:29 PM
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Originally Posted by ironorehopper View Post
There are different questions that need to be answered regarding the strange pattern of oseltamivir-resistant-H1N1 human influenza viruses............I hope at least one of these questions could find an explanation.
Is this mutation in another non-influenza, however, common disease?

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Old July 3rd, 2008, 08:15 AM
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New isolates with H274Y

gb|EU851986.1| Influenza A virus (A/Minnesota/01/2008(H1N1)) ... 32.2 9.7
gb|EU851982.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hawaii/02/2008(H1N1)) seg... 32.2 9.7
gb|EU851980.1| Influenza A virus (A/Hawaii/01/2008(H1N1)) seg... 32.2 9.7
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  #17  
Old July 4th, 2008, 04:19 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by AlaskaDenise View Post
Is this mutation in another non-influenza, however, common disease?
#14:
"... could explain the sudden appearance of H274Y in H1N1 following prophylactic use of oseltamivir to control H5N1."
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  #18  
Old July 4th, 2008, 10:50 AM
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>There are different questions that need to be answered regarding the strange pattern of oseltamivir-resistant-H1N1 human influenza viruses.

Agreed.

>1) Why do European Union experience a such large variation between incidence in countries that share borders and million of citizens?

Obviously, there are factors unrelated to Tamiflu-use that influence the distribution of resistance polymorphism acquisition in human influenza viral strains, 2007-08.

>2) Is there a bias in samples' collection and testing methods?

Not likely, no (scale of effect is too large, and one would expect errors to be significant in certain countries that have less than stellar health care infrastructure, but that is not the case from the pattern reported)

CDC graph of European Tamiflu-resistant isolates, as of June 25 '08
http://ecdc.europa.eu/Health_topics/...als_graph.html

>3) Seasonal human influenza vaccines: population coverage, type of strain selected to manufacturing process, demographic stratification of different area (ie: Paris region has more than 50% resistant isolates compared with lower rate detected in southern France).

Are you saying the vaccines used might have influenced the resultant distribution? Non. Nor have European nor US Disease Control Centers identified relevant factors that determine resistant influenza isolate distribution pattern.

>4) Movement of the population: why do countries like Italy experience low rate of resistant isolates detection but it shares important traffic route (terrestrial - road, turnpikes, railroads; aerial; by the sea) with France and no increasing of resistantance was observed?

These factors aren't relevant to the observed pattern in Europe.

>5) Direction of the spread of influenza epidemics: North to South, East to West or viceversa.

Irrelevant to the pattern detected.

>6) Migration patterns from Africa and Europe, Asia and Europe, Middle East to Europe.

Obviously relevant, but secondary to a larger set of determinants.

>I hope at least one of these questions could find an explanation.

Yes, an explanation would be useful, but first, the 'experts' must recognize that the polymorphisms in question are acquired from H5N1 from the previous years of geographic range expansion and is therefore determined by avian influenza clade expression of antiviral resistance. That acknowledgment would require the 'experts' to admit that wild bird migration is at the center of dissemination/acquisition of crucial drug resistance polymorphisms.

The 'experts' are still very uneasy with the notion that an avian influenza subtype can fluidly infect many mammal species, including humans. Influenza viruses are supposed to be species-specific, and yet, we see this as a common factor for many emerging infectious diseases of the last 50 years.

When one observes influenza infection in a species (felines, domestic and wild) that has never been reported historically and moreover appears to be transmitted within species relatively easily (in test conditions but also anecdotally reported in Indonesia by research veterinarians), it's yet another indicator of mounting risk for an influenza pandemic.
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  #19  
Old July 4th, 2008, 11:08 AM
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no indication for dependence of spreading directions on resistance
no indication for any involvement of H5N1
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Old July 4th, 2008, 11:23 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Originally Posted by gsgs View Post
no indication for dependence of spreading directions on resistance
no indication for any involvement of H5N1
H274Y
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  #21  
Old July 11th, 2008, 10:08 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Originally Posted by gsgs View Post
no indication for dependence of spreading directions on resistance
no indication for any involvement of H5N1
Latest data from Japan clearly supports independent introductions, which are most easily explained by recombination.

http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/att...0&d=1215765752
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  #22  
Old July 12th, 2008, 12:01 AM
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I was wondering if someone could confirm the following summary of the situation:

"“If those resistant strains begin to propagate, then that’s when we’re going to be in trouble, because we don’t have any antivirals active against them,” said Rommie Amaro, a postdoctoral fellow in chemistry at UC San Diego."

Source: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/113847.php

I wasn't aware that there were viable strains of H5N1, or any influenza resistant to Relenza? Isn't Relenza "active against them"?
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  #23  
Old July 12th, 2008, 12:41 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by miso View Post
I was wondering if someone could confirm the following summary of the situation:

"“If those resistant strains begin to propagate, then that’s when we’re going to be in trouble, because we don’t have any antivirals active against them,” said Rommie Amaro, a postdoctoral fellow in chemistry at UC San Diego."

Source: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/113847.php

I wasn't aware that there were viable strains of H5N1, or any influenza resistant to Relenza? Isn't Relenza "active against them"?
There are human influenza strains (in Asia, Africa, and Australia) resistant to Relenza, but H5N1 has not been reported.
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  #24  
Old July 12th, 2008, 12:44 AM
HenryN HenryN is offline
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Quote:
Originally Posted by miso View Post
I was wondering if someone could confirm the following summary of the situation:

"“If those resistant strains begin to propagate, then that’s when we’re going to be in trouble, because we don’t have any antivirals active against them,” said Rommie Amaro, a postdoctoral fellow in chemistry at UC San Diego."

Source: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/113847.php

I wasn't aware that there were viable strains of H5N1, or any influenza resistant to Relenza? Isn't Relenza "active against them"?
LOCUS CY030873 1396 bp cRNA linear VRL 17-MAR-2008
DEFINITION Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/39/2008(H1N1)) segment 6 sequence.
ACCESSION CY030873
VERSION CY030873.1 GI:170026929
KEYWORDS .
SOURCE Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/39/2008(H1N1))
ORGANISM Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/39/2008(H1N1))
Viruses; ssRNA negative-strand viruses; Orthomyxoviridae;
Influenzavirus A.
REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 1396)
AUTHORS Hurt,A.C., Kelso,A. and Barr,I.G.
TITLE Community cases of zanamivir-resistant human influenza viruses with
a novel mutation in the neuraminidase gene
JOURNAL Unpublished
REFERENCE 2 (bases 1 to 1396)
AUTHORS Hurt,A.C., Deng,Y.-M. and Komadina,N.
TITLE Direct Submission
JOURNAL Submitted (14-MAR-2008) WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and
Research on Influenza, 45 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052,
Australia
FEATURES Location/Qualifiers
source 1..1396
/organism="Influenza A virus (A/Thailand/39/2008(H1N1))"
/mol_type="viral cRNA"
/strain="A/Thailand/39/2008(H1N1)"
/serotype="H1N1"
/isolation_source="gender:M; age:23"
/specific_host="Human"
/db_xref="taxon:511421"
/segment="6"
/lab_host="MDCKX passage(s)"
/country="Thailand"
/collection_date="02-Jan-2008"
gene 1..>1396
/gene="NA"
CDS 1..>1396
/gene="NA"
/codon_start=1
/product="neuraminidase"
/protein_id="ACB05991.1"
/db_xref="GI:170026930"
/translation="MNPNQKIITIGSISIAIGIISLMLQIGNIISIWASHSIQTGSQN
NTGICNQRIITYENSTWVNHTYVNINNTNVVAGEDKTSVTLAGNSSLCSI SGWAIYTK
DNSIRIGSKGDVFVIREPFISCSHLECRTFFLTKGALLNDKHSNGTVKDR SPYRALMS
CPLGEAPSPYNSKFESVAWSASACHDGMGWLTIGISGPDNGAVAVLKYNG IITGTIKS
WKKQILRTQESECVCMNGSCFTIMTDGPSNKAASYKIFKIEKGKVTKSIE LNAPNFHY
EECSCYPDTGIVMCVCRDNWHGSNRPWVSFNQNLDYQIGYICSGVFGDNP RPEDGEGS
CNPVTVDGANGVKGFSYKYDNGVWIGRTKSNRLRKGFEMIWDPNGWTNTD SDFSVKQD
VVAITDWSGYSGSFVQHPELTGLDCIRPCFWVELVRGLPRENTTIWTSGS SISFCGVN
SDTANWSWPDGAELP"
ORIGIN
1 atgaatccaa atcaaaaaat aataaccatt ggatcaatca gtatagcaat cggaataatt
61 agtctaatgt tgcaaatagg aaatattatt tcaatatggg ctagtcactc aatccaaact
121 ggaagtcaaa acaacactgg aatatgcaac caaagaatca tcacatatga aaacagcacc
181 tgggtgaatc acacatatgt taatattaac aacactaatg ttgttgcagg agaggacaaa
241 acttcagtga cattggccgg caattcgtct ctttgttcta tcagtggatg ggctatatac
301 acaaaagaca acagcataag aattggctcc aaaggagatg tttttgtcat aagagaacct
361 ttcatatcat gttctcactt ggaatgcaga accttttttc tgaccaaagg cgctctatta
421 aatgacaaac attcaaatgg gaccgtaaag gacagaagtc cttatagggc cttaatgagc
481 tgtcctctag gtgaagctcc gtccccatac aattcaaagt tcgaatcagt tgcatggtca
541 gcaagcgcat gccatgatgg catgggctgg ttaacaatcg gaatttctgg tccagacaat
601 ggagctgtgg ctgtactaaa atacaacgga ataataactg gaaccataaa aagttggaaa
661 aagcaaatat taagaacaca agagtctgaa tgtgtctgta tgaacgggtc atgtttcacc
721 ataatgaccg atggcccgag taataaggcc gcctcgtaca aaattttcaa gatcgaaaag
781 gggaaggtta ctaaatcaat agagttgaat gcacccaatt ttcattatga ggaatgttcc
841 tgttacccag acactggcat agtgatgtgt gtatgcaggg acaactggca tggttcaaat
901 cgaccttggg tgtcttttaa tcaaaacttg gattatcaaa taggatacat ctgcagtgga
961 gtgttcggtg acaatccgcg tcccgaagat ggagagggca gctgcaatcc agtgactgtt
1021 gatggagcaa acggagtaaa agggttttca tacaaatatg ataatggtgt ttggatagga
1081 aggaccaaaa gtaacagact tagaaagggg tttgagatga tctgggatcc taatggatgg
1141 acaaataccg acagtgattt ctcagtgaaa caggatgttg tagcaataac tgattggtca
1201 gggtacagcg gaagtttcgt ccaacatcct gagttaacag gattggactg tataagacct
1261 tgcttctggg ttgagttagt cagagggctg cctagagaaa atacaacaat ttggactagt
1321 gggagcagca tttctttttg tggcgttaat agtgatactg caaactggtc ttggccagac
1381 ggtgctgagt tgccat
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  #25  
Old July 12th, 2008, 01:14 AM
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
I was only able to find reports of Relenza resistance to one influenza virus: type B, which I believe hadn't shown antiviral resistance before this year. I hadn't heard about Relenza resistance.

I've wondered if substandard dosing is the culprit behind sudden rise of geographically distinct, but not distant (as in Paris and Southern France) resistance of H1N1 to tamiflu.

(the following is purely speculative babble)...

Maybe there is something in the food or regional favorite drink that either inhibits the esterase cleavage of precursor form of Tamiflu or enhances its drug metabolism, clearing it from the system before it has a chance to work properly. Provence and Parisian/Bordeaux cuisine are quite different.

Tamiflu is, after all, derived from natural product (unlike Relenza, which is purely synthetic and I believe active in its administered form, although it has poor uptake when administered orally).

The spice it is most like is burned as incense in Japan, and consumed elsewhere in Arabic and European cooking/appertifs.
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Old July 12th, 2008, 03:26 AM
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do we have improved numbers for resistance in H3N2 and B
meanwhile ? If they are also increased we have another
pessimistic indication for its development due to drug use.
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Old July 12th, 2008, 03:55 AM
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Default Re: _|ANTIVIRALS RESISTANCE BAFFLED SCIENTISTS|_
The WHO preliminary summary accompaigning PDF demonstrate that H3N2 and B strains reimain susceptible to oseltamivir.

Further, for example, in Hong Kong isolates 16 per cent remain susceptible to adamantanes (H1N1) (for the H3N2 100% are resistant).

Cross-resistance against zanamivir isnt' demonstrated, thus H1N1 remain susceptible to this drug as stated by both ECDC/EISS and WHO.
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Old July 12th, 2008, 05:27 AM
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thanks. So the 6% above was probably an error

> But only 6 percent of H3N2 and influenza B samples tested
> in North America had genetic mutations giving resistance to Tamiflu,
> she said.
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Old July 12th, 2008, 09:32 AM
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Just to emphasize another transparency problem is that we're not getting needed info on resistant patterns. This needs both sequence analysis to look for known genetic variations and live virus to use in tests with the actual antivirals to look for other patterns of resistance

http://66.102.1.104/scholar?hl=en&lr...vities+...%22+

A Meijer (a.meijer@nivel.nl)1 2, A Lackenby3 4, A Hay3 5, M Zambon3 4
European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) Co-ordination Centre, Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek van de Gezondheidszorg (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, NIVEL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
Laboratory for Infectious Diseases and Screening, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
European Surveillance Network for Vigilance against Viral Resistance (VIRGIL)
Respiratory Virus Unit, Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, National Institute for Medical Research, London, United Kingdom


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Due to the influenza pandemic threat, many countries are stockpiling antivirals in the hope of limiting the impact of a future pandemic virus. Since resistance to antiviral drugs would probably significantly alter the effectiveness of antivirals, surveillance programmes to monitor the emergence of resistance are of considerable importance.

During the 2006/2007 influenza season, an inventory was conducted by the European Surveillance Network for Vigilance against Viral Resistance (VIRGIL) in collaboration with the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) to evaluate antiviral susceptibility testing by the National Influenza Reference Laboratories (NIRL) in relation to the national antiviral stockpile in 30 European countries that are members of EISS.

All countries except Ukraine had a stockpile of the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) oseltamivir. Additionally, four countries had a stockpile of the NAI zanamivir and three of the M2 ion channel inhibitor rimantadine. Of 29 countries with a NAI stockpile, six countries' NIRLs could determine virus susceptibility by 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and in 13 countries it could be done by sequencing. Only in one of the three countries with a rimantadine stockpile could the NIRL determine virus susceptibility, by sequencing only. However, including the 18 countries that had plans to introduce or extend antiviral susceptibility testing, the NIRLs of 21 of the 29 countries with a stockpile would be capable of susceptibility testing appropriate to the stockpiled drug by the end of the 2007/2008 influenza season.

Although most European countries in this study have stockpiles of influenza antivirals, susceptibility surveillance capability by the NIRLs appropriate to the stockpiled antivirals is limited.


Since the widespread emergence of antiviral resistance would likely have a significant impact on clinical effectiveness of antiviral therapy and prophylaxis, it is important to track resistance through regional and national surveillance programmes. In addition, it is important that these surveillance programmes are appropriate to the antivirals being stockpiled. Therefore, VIRGIL and EISS, as the European public-funded consortia working on these subjects, carried out this study in order to evaluate the actual and future antiviral susceptibility testing activities by the NIRLs in relation to the national antiviral stockpile in the 30 European countries that are members of EISS.

All European countries (except Ukraine) that participated in this study indicated that antiviral stockpiles are available. This is an encouraging observation as it relates directly to national pandemic preparedness activities. However, the number of countries in which NIRLs performed influenza antiviral susceptibility testing appropriate to the stockpiled antivirals was limited.

The creation of antiviral stockpiles involves substantial allocation of resources, and in the event of a pandemic it will be important to use such resources efficiently. Emerging information about the potential for the development of resistance against influenza antiviral drugs suggests that information about susceptibility of circulating strains should be taken into consideration for decisions on recommending drug use,

Antiviral susceptibility testing should exist to support the stockpiling of antiviral drugs, to analyse the susceptibility of viruses to the stockpiled antivirals in the early stages of a pandemic and to assess possible treatment failure.

Most NIRLs test for NAI resistance by sequencing, indicating that this type of analysis is much more widespread, compared with phenotypic susceptibility testing that is dependent on working with virus isolates. However, phenotypic NAI susceptibility analysis is still necessary to fully evaluate NAI resistance, given the uncertainty of purely genotypic methods for assessment of resistance as only a few mutations conferring NAI resistance have been described so far, and several more are likely to emerge. Therefore, we recommend that if a surveillance programme for NAIs is developed, both genotypic and phenotypic methods are used and data combined from both methods.
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Old July 12th, 2008, 05:54 PM
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Welcome Miso.
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