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Old May 20th, 2008, 12:57 AM
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Default La physiologie du virus du sras se dévoile


Un cible thérapeutique identifiée


La physiologie du virus du sras se dévoile

UNE ÉQUIPE de chercheurs japonaise a découvert un mécanisme cellulaire qui jouerait un rôle important dans la virulence du coronavirus responsable du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère (sras). Leurs travaux révèlent en effet que l'interaction de la protéine « spike » du virus avec son récepteur cellulaire, l'enzyme de conversion de l'angiotensine 2 (ACE2), active une voie de signalisation cellulaire qui conduit à la production de TNF-alpha.

Cette interaction et la cascade de réactions subséquentes sont non seulement nécessaires à l'entrée du coronavirus dans les cellules humaines, mais elles sont aussi à l'origine des dommages tissulaires sévères causés par le virus, par l'intermédiaire du TNF-alpha.

Yukihito et coll. ont en outre montré que le déclenchement de ces événements délétères pour l'hôte dépendent de la portion cytoplasmique de l'ACE2 et de l'activité d'une enzyme impliquée dans la synthèse du TNF-alpha, la TACE (pour TNF-Alpha Converting Enzyme). Les données préliminaires obtenues par l'équipe japonaise suggèrent que ces deux entités moléculaires pourraient constituer de bonnes cibles pour la mise au point d'un traitement anti-sras spécifique.
> E. B.

Haga S et coll. Proc Natl Acad Sci, Etats-Unis, édition en ligne avancée.

Le Quotidien du Médecin du : 20/05/2008
http://www.quotimed.com/journal/inde...DartIdx=410993


L'article de PNAS


Published online on May 19, 2008
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0711241105


MEDICAL SCIENCES
Modulation of TNF--converting enzyme by the spike protein of SARS-CoV and ACE2 induces TNF- production and facilitates viral entry

Shiori Haga*,, Norio Yamamoto, Chikako Nakai-Murakami*, Yoshiaki Osawa*,, Kenzo Tokunaga, Tetsutaro Sato, Naoki Yamamoto||, Takehiko Sasazuki, and Yukihito Ishizaka*,

*Department of Intractable Diseases, International Medical Center of Japan, 162-8655 Tokyo, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 101-0062 Tokyo, Japan; and ¶Department of Pathology and ||AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan

Edited by Diane E. Griffin, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, and approved March 6, 2008 (received for review November 28, 2007)

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a high-risk infectious pathogen. In the proposed model of respiratory failure, SARS-CoV down-regulates its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but the mechanism involved is unknown. We found that the spike protein of SARS-CoV (SARS-S) induced TNF-{alpha}-converting enzyme (TACE)-dependent shedding of the ACE2 ectodomain. The modulation of TACE activity by SARS-S depended on the cytoplasmic domain of ACE2, because deletion mutants of ACE2 lacking the carboxyl-terminal region did not induce ACE2 shedding or TNF-{alpha} production. In contrast, the spike protein of HNL63-CoV (NL63-S), a CoV that uses ACE2 as a receptor and mainly induces the common cold, caused neither of these cellular responses. Intriguingly, viral infection, judged by real-time RT-PCR analysis of SARS-CoV mRNA expression, was significantly attenuated by deletion of the cytoplasmic tail of ACE2 or knock-down of TACE expression by siRNA. These data suggest that cellular signals triggered by the interaction of SARS-CoV with ACE2 are positively involved in viral entry but lead to tissue damage. These findings may lead to the development of anti-SARS-CoV agents.


http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abst...urcetype=HWCIT

Traduction machine du résumé


Le syndrome respiratoire aigu grave respiratoire aigu grave de syndrome (SARS-cov) est un microbe pathogène infectieux à haut risque. Dans le modèle proposé de l'échec respiratoire, SARS-cov vers le bas-règle son récepteur, angiotensine-convertissant l'enzyme 2 (ACE2), mais le mécanisme impliqué est inconnu. Nous avons constaté que la protéine de transitoire de SARS-cov (SARS-s) induit l'enzyme TNF-{alpha}-convertissante (perte de TACE)-dependent de l'ectodomain ACE2. La modulation de l'activité de TACE par SARS-s a dépendu du domaine cytoplasmique d'ACE2, parce que les mutants de suppression d'ACE2 manquant de la région de carboxylique-borne n'ont pas induit la perte ACE2 ou la production de TNF-{alpha}. En revanche, la protéine de transitoire de HNL63-CoV (NL63-S), un CoV qui emploie ACE2 comme un récepteur et induit principalement le froid commun, non causé ni l'un ni l'autre de ces réponses cellulaires. Intrigant, l'infection virale, jugée par analyse en temps réel de RT-PCR d'expression de mRNA de SARS-cov, a été sensiblement atténuée par la suppression de la queue cytoplasmique d'ACE2 ou de la précipitation de l'expression de TACE par siRNA. Ces données suggèrent que des signaux cellulaires déclenchés par l'interaction de SARS-cov avec ACE2 soient franchement impliqués dans l'entrée virale mais mènent aux dommages de tissu. Ces résultats peuvent mener au développement des agents d'anti-SARS-CoV.
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