Pneumonia - Nicaragua, Honduras:rfi

Treyfish · #1 August 17th, 2008, 05:05 PM

Archive Number	20080817.2550
Published Date	17-AUG-2008
Subject	PRO/EDR> Pneumonia - Nicaragua, Honduras: alert RFI

PNEUMONIA - NICARAGUA, HONDURAS: ALERT, REQUEST FOR INFORMATIONA ProMED-mail post<http://www.promedmail.org>ProMED-mail is a program of theInternational Society for Infectious Diseases<http://www.isid.org>Date:16 Aug 2008Source: Radio America [in Spanish, trans. & summ. Mod.JW, edited]<http://www.radioamerica.hn/sitio.cfm?pag=leenoticias&t=Nacionales&id=4602>Health Authorities in Honduras declare an alert for an outbreak of pneumoniaHealth authorities in Honduras have been placed on alert, because in recent days Nicaragua has suffered an outbreak of pneumonia, and it is possible that in the coming hours it will invade Honduras. There have already been some cases of pneumonia in the Honduran capital [Tegucigalpa].The head of the Metropolitan Region of Health, Dr. Ramon Arita, said "We have learned from various sources that the situation in Nicaragua is difficult, and we want to take preventive measures in Honduras."In recent weeks, the increase has been substantial, with 302 reported cases of pneumonia in the country [in Honduras in the last week?] and a total of 4 825 so far this year [2008], Arita said.--Communicated by:ProMED-mail<promed@promedmail.org>[If any reader has relevant information about the causative agent, whether bacterial or viral (bacterial is treatable with antibiotics), or the situation in Nicaragua, ProMED would be happy to receive it. E-mail to <promed@promedmail.org>.Map showing Central America with the long common Honduras/Nicaragua border:<http://dl.ncbuy.com/imp/maps/ho-map.jpg>

http://tinyurl.com/5rt4xl

Helblindi · #2 August 17th, 2008, 08:02 PM

Epidemic of influenza kills 80 people in Nicaragua
07/08/2008

The sanitary authorities informed this Thursday that at least 70 children and 10 adults have died as a result of an epidemic of influenza that has infected to 12,000 people in the Nicaraguan capital. The director of the Local System of Integral Attention in Health (Silais), Julio Boiler said that the disease appears every year in the country, but this time surpasses in 5.000 cases the happened ones to the date in 2007 in Managua. Throughout the 2007 died 41 children by respiratory complications, indicated. But influenza type A most aggressive until is now registered in the country. A negligence can take to the tomb to people of those ages (young or greater of 60 years). The disease degenerates in bronchitis, faringitis, influenza, asthma or neumonía, affirmed Boiler. Boiler did not have statistics on the affectation of the epidemic in the rest of the country. Another one of our fears is that the cases of dengue go off hemorrágico which would be fatal. Happyly we have managed them to contain, expressed the doctor.

Universo

Helblindi · #3 August 17th, 2008, 08:27 PM

Neumonía causes 260 deaths and alerts to authorities in Nicaragua
14/08/08

"All the centers of medical attention are receiving a great amount of patients and the demand is much greater", indicated as well to Julio Boiler, head of the system of public health of the Minsa in the capital.

To the minus 260 people died in Nicaragua during the present year because of an epidemic of neumonía that maintains in alert to the authorities, according to reports of the Ministry of Health (Minsa) disclosed today. Edmundo Sanchez, chief of a main directorate of Monitoring of the Health of the Minsa, said that although the acute respiratory diseases propagate annually in the rainy season, this year has registered a worrisome increase of cases in relation to 2007. "We are combat ready epidemiologist by the danger of neumonía", affirmed. According to registries of the Minsa, the acute respiratory diseases have affected to a million people in all the country, and of them to only 12,000 in Managua, although it is afraid that the number is greater because many patients do not go to welfare centers public. With respect to neumonía, Sanchez needed that 260 people died in which goes of the year, among them 127 smaller children of five years and 96 greater adults of 50, the most vulnerable groups to the respiratory affections. Between the diseases that have begun to appear in the last months it appears influenza type AH1 N1, that causes high fevers, cough, muscular pains and in some cases diarrea pictures, it explained. The emergency has forced the personnel of the units of public health to reorganize the work turns to be able to give supply in the attention to the population. The Minsa also supplied with more medicines and 240 apparatuses from nebulización both to infantile hospitals of Managua, whose rooms are stuffed of ill children. "All the centers of medical attention are receiving a great amount of patients and the demand is much greater", indicated as well to Julio Boiler, head of the system of public health of the Minsa in the capital. "The most common cases are bronchitis, faringitis, influenza, asthma and neumonía, that is affecting to the minors of a year and the greater ones of 60 years", added.

Milenio

HenryN · #4 August 18th, 2008, 04:29 PM

PNEUMONIA - NICARAGUA, HONDURAS (02): INFLUENZA AND RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS
************************************************** *************************
A ProMED-mail post
<http://www.promedmail.org>
ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases
<http://www.isid.org>

Date: Sun 17 Aug 2008
From: Maria Compte <mecompte@verizon.net>

Nicaragua declares epidemiologic alert following 260 pneumonia deaths
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Below is a link to a relevant article in the online edition of the
Ecuadorian daily "El Comercio" concerning the pneumonia outbreak
alert in Nicaragua
(<http://www.elcomercio.com/solo_texto_search.asp?id_noticia=137850&anio=2008&mes=8&dia=14>

The article (in Spanish) states that, as per the Director of
Epidemiological Surveillance of MINSA (as the Nicaraguan Ministry of
Health is known), Edmundo Sanchez, there have been over 7000 cases of
pneumonia (as diagnosed in health facilities) in the country
(Nicaragua) during 2008, with 260 deaths, of which 127 occurred in
children younger than 5 years of age. Most of the cases are said to
be due to influenza A H1 virus or respiratory syncytial virus. MINSA
has declared an epidemiologic alert due to the number of cases, which
represents an increase of 10 percent of acute respiratory infections
over last year [2007].

--
Maria E Compte, MD, MPH & TM
Assistant Professor & Preclinical Coordinator
Long Island University School of Health Professions
Vice President for Programs
Intermed International
New York City
USA
<mecompte@verizon.net>

[ProMED-mail thanks Professor Compte for abstracting and translating
from Spanish this Agence France-Presse (AFP) News Agency report. This
report underlines the fact that outbreaks of seasonal influenza virus
and respiratory syncytial virus infections can be accompanied by
appreciable mortality (in this case 260/7000 = 3.7 percent).

Outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus in particular are an annual
occurrence worldwide affecting infants and young children
predominately, but not exclusively. Influenza A virus infection is
more sporadic in occurrence but would be expected to have a greater
effect on overall mortality.

A map of Central America showing the location of Nicaragua can be accessed at
<http://dl.ncbuy.com/imp/maps/ho-map.jpg>. - Mod.CP]

[see also:
Pneumonia - Nicaragua, Honduras: alert RFI 20080817.2550]
...................................jw/cp/mj/dk

KBD · #5 August 18th, 2008, 08:49 PM

The WHO table showing rates of Tamiflu resistant (A) H1 flu viruses globally hasn't been updated since mid July here: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influ...te18072008.pdf
It would be interesting to know whether Nicaragua's dominant flu strain has the H274Y mutation that would render Tamiflu useless in treating patients with severe disease.

HenryN · #6 August 18th, 2008, 09:33 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by KBD

The WHO table showing rates of Tamiflu resistant (A) H1 flu viruses globally hasn't been updated since mid July here: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/influ...te18072008.pdf
It would be interesting to know whether Nicaragua's dominant flu strain has the H274Y mutation that would render Tamiflu useless in treating patients with severe disease.

It would be even more intersting to know if the H1N1 had the additional changes seen in South Africa, where 100% of H1N1 tested is Tamiflu resistant.

sharon sanders · #7 August 18th, 2008, 09:55 PM

Video of the news conference by Edmundo Sanchez:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29xFF...cionales/24029

KBD · #8 August 19th, 2008, 04:42 AM

I wish I spoke Spanish!

sharon sanders · #9 August 19th, 2008, 05:59 AM

This is a recap of what Dr. Sanchez is saying. I am not fluent in Spanish but I believe he does not mention the use of Tamiflu.

There is epidemiological alert
260 dead from pneumonia in 2008
See details in video and elnuevodiario.com.ni CHANNEL 11
Rafael Lara
END - 10:40 - 14/08/2008

The attentions of Acute Respiratory Infections by 2008, IRA, reached 10 per cent more than last year at this same date, so far counted 260 deaths from pneumonia at the national level, according to data from the Ministry of Health.

Data were provided by Dr. Edmundo Sanchez, Director General of Health Surveillance, who indicated that the increase has been observed with the coming of winter period, starting in the second half of May.

The danger of pneumonia
"While this is considered normal behaviour in the season, we are on alert for the epidemiological risk of pneumonia.

The specialist said that the 260 deaths recorded by pneumonia, most victims are vulnerable people, specifically 127 deaths occurred in children under 5 years and 96 cases in people older than 49 years.

The table of the IRA is shortness of breath, dry cough, muscle pain, sometimes intense runny nose and temperature, conditions that can develop into pneumonia if not serving time.

"Therefore, the primary units are in the provision of caring at all times. In hospitals have been reorganized to provide services, mainly in daycare centres as "Velez Paiz" and "pet" of supplying fogging machines to the emergency units. In the case of Managua were added to 240 existing ones. In addition, it was stocked medical supplies for specific attention to the cases of IRA. All this medicine was purchased with the budget of Minsa. "

At least tápense mouth!
To avoid infections, Dr. Sanchez recommended that people sneeze is to cover their mouths with a handkerchief or at least with his hand, to avoid contagion. Strive to wash their hands then filled the airways, as the shake hands in greeting also transmitting the disease to another person.

In addition, he indicated that the sick person should take plenty of fluids, eat lots of fruits and vegetables, not exposed to sudden changes in temperature, and especially children should avoid getting wet unnecessarily.

"If it is the first signs of fever and breathing difficulty are not left at home. Go to the nearest health units, where you prescribe medications or give specific recommendations so as not to aggravate their situation. "

At this time attacking the influenza virus AH1 N1 and the respiratory virus "syncytial", which cause tables flu and colds strong and intense.

According to the doctor, vaccinated against influenza H3 N2. This year we have vaccinated 70 thousand people, among them, 25 thousand health workers. In addition, pediatric doses have applied to 20 children.

------------------------

Hay alerta epidemiológica 260 muertos por neumonía en 2008

Vea detalles en Video de CANAL 11 y elnuevodiario.com.ni

Rafael Lara END - 10:40 - 14/08/2008

Las atenciones de 2008 por Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas, IRA, alcanzaron un 10 por ciento más que el año pasado en esta misma fecha, contabilizándose hasta el momento 260 defunciones por neumonía a nivel nacional, según los datos del Ministerio de Salud.

Los datos fueron proporcionados por el doctor Edmundo Sánchez, Director General de Vigilancia de la Salud, quien indicó que el incremento se viene observando con la entrada del período invernal, a partir de la segunda quincena de mayo.

El peligro de la neumonía
“Si bien esto es considerado un comportamiento normal en la temporada, estamos en alerta epidemiológica por el peligro de la neumonía.

El especialista comentó que de las 260 muertes registradas por la neumonía, la mayoría de las víctimas son personas vulnerables, específicamente 127 muertes ocurrieron en menores de 5 años y 96 casos en mayores de 49 años.

El cuadro de las IRA es dificultad respiratoria, tos seca, dolor muscular, a veces secreción nasal intensa y temperatura, afecciones que se pueden desarrollar en neumonía, si no se atienden a tiempo.

“Por eso, las unidades primarias están en la disposición de atender en todos los horarios. En los hospitales se han reorganizado para prestar los servicios, principalmente en los centros de atención infantil como el “Vélez Paiz” y “La Mascota”, abasteciendo de nebulizadores a las unidades de emergencia. En el caso de Managua se agregaron 240 a los ya existentes. Además, se abasteció de suministros médicos específicos para la atención contra los casos de IRA. Todo este medicamento fue comprado con el presupuesto del Minsa”.

¡Por lo menos tápense la boca!
Para evitar las infecciones, el doctor Sánchez recomendó que las personas al estornudar se cubran la boca con un pañuelo o por lo menos con la mano, para evitar contagios. Procurar lavarse las manos luego de cubrirse las vías respiratorias, pues al dar la mano en saludo también se transmite la enfermedad a la otra persona.

Además, indicó que la persona enferma debe tomar muchos líquidos, consumir muchas frutas y verduras, no exponerse a bruscos cambios de temperatura, y en especial los niños deben evitar mojarse innecesariamente.

“Si se tiene los primeros signos de fiebre y dificultad respiratoria no se queden en su casa. Acudan a las unidades de salud más cercanas, donde le receten medicamentos o den recomendaciones específicas para que no se agrave su situación”.

En estos momentos atacan el virus de influenza AH1 N1 y el virus respiratorio “sincicial”, los cuales provocan cuadros de gripes y de catarros fuertes e intensos.

Según el doctor, vacunarán contra la influenza H3 N2. Este año han vacunado a 70 mil personas, entre éstas, a 25 mil trabajadores de la salud. Además, han aplicado dosis pediátricas a 20 niños.

http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/nacionales/24029

HenryN · #10 August 19th, 2008, 07:43 PM

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201.	El Salvador	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
202.	El Salvador	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
203.	El Salvador	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
204.	El Salvador	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
205.	El Salvador	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
206.	El Salvador	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
207.	El Salvador	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
208.	El Salvador	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
209.	El Salvador	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
210.	El Salvador	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
211.	El Salvador	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
212.	El Salvador	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
213.	El Salvador	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
214.	Estonia	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
215.	Estonia	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
216.	Estonia	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
217.	Estonia	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
218.	Estonia	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
219.	Estonia	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
220.	Estonia	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
221.	Estonia	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
222.	Estonia	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
223.	French Guiana	A (H1)	1	2008	0	view
224.	French Guiana	A (H1)	2	2008	0	view
225.	French Guiana	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
226.	French Guiana	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
227.	French Guiana	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
228.	French Guiana	A (H1)	9	2008	0	view
229.	French Guiana	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
230.	French Guiana	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
231.	French Guiana	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
232.	French Guiana	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
233.	French Guiana	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
234.	French Guiana	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
235.	French Guiana	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
236.	French Guiana	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
237.	Germany	A (H1)	1	2008	0	view
238.	Germany	A (H1)	2	2008	0	view
239.	Germany	A (H1)	3	2008	0	view
240.	Germany	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
241.	Germany	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
242.	Germany	A (H1)	6	2008	0	view
243.	Germany	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
244.	Germany	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
245.	Germany	A (H1)	9	2008	0	view
246.	Germany	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
247.	Germany	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
248.	Germany	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
249.	Germany	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
250.	Germany	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
251.	Germany	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
252.	Germany	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
253.	Germany	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
254.	Germany	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
255.	Germany	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
256.	Germany	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
257.	Germany	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
258.	Germany	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
259.	Germany	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
260.	Germany	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
261.	Germany	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
262.	Germany	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
263.	Germany	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
264.	Germany	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
265.	Germany	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
266.	Germany	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
267.	Germany	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
268.	Germany	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
269.	Germany	A (H1)	33	2008	0	view
270.	Guadeloupe	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
271.	Guadeloupe	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
272.	Guadeloupe	A (H1)	6	2008	0	view
273.	Guadeloupe	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
274.	Honduras	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
275.	Honduras	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
276.	Honduras	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
277.	Honduras	A (H1)	17	2008	1	view
278.	Honduras	A (H1)	18	2008	1	view
279.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
280.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
281.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
282.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
283.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
284.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
285.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
286.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
287.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
288.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
289.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
290.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
291.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
292.	Iran (Islamic Republic of)	A (H1)	33	2008	0	view
293.	Japan	A (H1)	1	2008	46	view
294.	Japan	A (H1)	2	2008	269	view
295.	Japan	A (H1)	3	2008	312	view
296.	Japan	A (H1)	4	2008	431	view
297.	Japan	A (H1)	5	2008	362	view
298.	Japan	A (H1)	6	2008	271	view
299.	Japan	A (H1)	7	2008	159	view
300.	Japan	A (H1)	8	2008	212	view
301.	Japan	A (H1)	9	2008	125	view
302.	Japan	A (H1)	10	2008	76	view
303.	Japan	A (H1)	11	2008	54	view
304.	Japan	A (H1)	12	2008	47	view
305.	Japan	A (H1)	13	2008	21	view
306.	Japan	A (H1)	14	2008	5	view
307.	Japan	A (H1)	15	2008	6	view
308.	Japan	A (H1)	16	2008	2	view
309.	Japan	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
310.	Japan	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
311.	Japan	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
312.	Japan	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
313.	Japan	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
314.	Japan	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
315.	Japan	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
316.	Japan	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
317.	Japan	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
318.	Japan	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
319.	Japan	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
320.	Japan	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
321.	Japan	A (H1)	29	2008	1	view
322.	Kenya	A (H1)	2	2008	0	view
323.	Kenya	A (H1)	3	2008	0	view
324.	Kenya	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
325.	Kenya	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
326.	Kenya	A (H1)	6	2008	0	view
327.	Kenya	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
328.	Kenya	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
329.	Kenya	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
330.	Kenya	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
331.	Kenya	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
332.	Kenya	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
333.	Kenya	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
334.	Latvia	A (H1)	1	2008	9	view
335.	Latvia	A (H1)	2	2008	12	view
336.	Latvia	A (H1)	3	2008	27	view
337.	Latvia	A (H1)	4	2008	59	view
338.	Latvia	A (H1)	5	2008	58	view
339.	Latvia	A (H1)	6	2008	54	view
340.	Latvia	A (H1)	7	2008	24	view
341.	Latvia	A (H1)	8	2008	17	view
342.	Latvia	A (H1)	9	2008	10	view
343.	Latvia	A (H1)	10	2008	5	view
344.	Latvia	A (H1)	11	2008	5	view
345.	Latvia	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
346.	Latvia	A (H1)	13	2008	1	view
347.	Latvia	A (H1)	14	2008	1	view
348.	Latvia	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
349.	Latvia	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
350.	Latvia	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
351.	Latvia	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
352.	Latvia	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
353.	Latvia	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
354.	Latvia	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
355.	Latvia	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
356.	Madagascar	A (H1)	1	2008	1	view
357.	Madagascar	A (H1)	2	2008	12	view
358.	Madagascar	A (H1)	3	2008	12	view
359.	Madagascar	A (H1)	4	2008	12	view
360.	Madagascar	A (H1)	5	2008	11	view
361.	Madagascar	A (H1)	6	2008	6	view
362.	Madagascar	A (H1)	7	2008	6	view
363.	Madagascar	A (H1)	8	2008	2	view
364.	Madagascar	A (H1)	9	2008	5	view
365.	Madagascar	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
366.	Madagascar	A (H1)	11	2008	2	view
367.	Madagascar	A (H1)	12	2008	1	view
368.	Madagascar	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
369.	Madagascar	A (H1)	14	2008	1	view
370.	Madagascar	A (H1)	15	2008	3	view
371.	Madagascar	A (H1)	16	2008	1	view
372.	Madagascar	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
373.	Madagascar	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
374.	Madagascar	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
375.	Madagascar	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
376.	Madagascar	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
377.	Madagascar	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
378.	Madagascar	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
379.	Madagascar	A (H1)	24	2008	2	view
380.	Madagascar	A (H1)	25	2008	2	view
381.	Madagascar	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
382.	Madagascar	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
383.	Madagascar	A (H1)	28	2008	1	view
384.	Madagascar	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
385.	Madagascar	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
386.	Madagascar	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
387.	Martinique	A (H1)	1	2008	0	view
388.	Martinique	A (H1)	2	2008	0	view
389.	Martinique	A (H1)	3	2008	0	view
390.	Martinique	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
391.	Martinique	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
392.	Martinique	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
393.	Mexico	A (H1)	1	2008	0	view
394.	Mexico	A (H1)	2	2008	3	view
395.	Mexico	A (H1)	3	2008	3	view
396.	Mexico	A (H1)	4	2008	3	view
397.	Mexico	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
398.	Mexico	A (H1)	6	2008	1	view
399.	Mexico	A (H1)	7	2008	2	view
400.	Mexico	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
401.	Mexico	A (H1)	9	2008	0	view
402.	Mexico	A (H1)	10	2008	1	view
403.	Mexico	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
404.	Mexico	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
405.	Mexico	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
406.	Mexico	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
407.	Mexico	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
408.	Mexico	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
409.	Mexico	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
410.	Mexico	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
411.	Mexico	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
412.	Mexico	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
413.	Mexico	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
414.	Mexico	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
415.	Mexico	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
416.	Mexico	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
417.	Mexico	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
418.	Mexico	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
419.	Mexico	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
420.	Mexico	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
421.	Mongolia	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
422.	Mongolia	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
423.	Mongolia	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
424.	Mongolia	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
425.	Mongolia	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
426.	Mongolia	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
427.	Mongolia	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
428.	Mongolia	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
429.	Mongolia	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
430.	Mongolia	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
431.	Mongolia	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
432.	Mongolia	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
433.	Montserrat	A (H1)	12	2008	2	view
434.	New Zealand	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
435.	New Zealand	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
436.	New Zealand	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
437.	New Zealand	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
438.	New Zealand	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
439.	New Zealand	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
440.	New Zealand	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
441.	New Zealand	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
442.	New Zealand	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
443.	New Zealand	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
444.	New Zealand	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
445.	New Zealand	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
446.	New Zealand	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
447.	New Zealand	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
448.	Norway	A (H1)	1	2008	7	view
449.	Norway	A (H1)	2	2008	11	view
450.	Norway	A (H1)	3	2008	17	view
451.	Norway	A (H1)	4	2008	30	view
452.	Norway	A (H1)	5	2008	30	view
453.	Norway	A (H1)	6	2008	32	view
454.	Norway	A (H1)	7	2008	30	view
455.	Norway	A (H1)	8	2008	32	view
456.	Norway	A (H1)	9	2008	23	view
457.	Norway	A (H1)	10	2008	14	view
458.	Norway	A (H1)	11	2008	13	view
459.	Norway	A (H1)	12	2008	17	view
460.	Norway	A (H1)	13	2008	2	view
461.	Norway	A (H1)	14	2008	6	view
462.	Norway	A (H1)	15	2008	1	view
463.	Norway	A (H1)	16	2008	2	view
464.	Norway	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
465.	Norway	A (H1)	18	2008	2	view
466.	Norway	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
467.	Norway	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
468.	Norway	A (H1)	21	2008	1	view
469.	Norway	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
470.	Norway	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
471.	Norway	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
472.	Norway	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
473.	Norway	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
474.	Norway	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
475.	Norway	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
476.	Norway	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
477.	Norway	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
478.	Norway	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
479.	Oman	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
480.	Oman	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
481.	Oman	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
482.	Oman	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
483.	Oman	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
484.	Oman	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
485.	Oman	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
486.	Oman	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
487.	Oman	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
488.	Oman	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
489.	Oman	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
490.	Oman	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
491.	Oman	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
492.	Oman	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
493.	Oman	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
494.	Oman	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
495.	Oman	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
496.	Oman	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
497.	Oman	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
498.	Panama	A (H1)	1	2008	0	view
499.	Panama	A (H1)	2	2008	0	view
500.	Panama	A (H1)	3	2008	0	view

HenryN · #11 August 19th, 2008, 07:48 PM

501.	Panama	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
502.	Panama	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
503.	Panama	A (H1)	6	2008	0	view
504.	Panama	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
505.	Panama	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
506.	Panama	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
507.	Panama	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
508.	Panama	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
509.	Panama	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
510.	Panama	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
511.	Panama	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
512.	Panama	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
513.	Panama	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
514.	Panama	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
515.	Panama	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
516.	Panama	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
517.	Panama	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
518.	Panama	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
519.	Panama	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
520.	Panama	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
521.	Panama	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
522.	Panama	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
523.	Panama	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
524.	Panama	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
525.	Peru	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
526.	Peru	A (H1)	6	2008	0	view
527.	Peru	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
528.	Peru	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
529.	Peru	A (H1)	9	2008	0	view
530.	Peru	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
531.	Peru	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
532.	Peru	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
533.	Peru	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
534.	Philippines	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
535.	Philippines	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
536.	Philippines	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
537.	Philippines	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
538.	Philippines	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
539.	Philippines	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
540.	Philippines	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
541.	Philippines	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
542.	Philippines	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
543.	Philippines	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
544.	Philippines	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
545.	Philippines	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
546.	Philippines	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
547.	Philippines	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
548.	Philippines	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
549.	Poland	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
550.	Poland	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
551.	Poland	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
552.	Poland	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
553.	Poland	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
554.	Poland	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
555.	Poland	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
556.	Poland	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
557.	Poland	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
558.	Poland	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
559.	Poland	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
560.	Poland	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
561.	Poland	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
562.	Portugal	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
563.	Portugal	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
564.	Portugal	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
565.	Portugal	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
566.	Portugal	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
567.	Portugal	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
568.	Portugal	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
569.	Portugal	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
570.	Portugal	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
571.	Portugal	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
572.	Portugal	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
573.	Portugal	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
574.	Portugal	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
575.	Portugal	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
576.	Portugal	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
577.	Portugal	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
578.	Portugal	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
579.	Portugal	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
580.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	2	2008	112	view
581.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	3	2008	67	view
582.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	4	2008	57	view
583.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	5	2008	39	view
584.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	6	2008	10	view
585.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	7	2008	25	view
586.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	8	2008	19	view
587.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	9	2008	11	view
588.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	10	2008	8	view
589.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	11	2008	5	view
590.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	12	2008	5	view
591.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	13	2008	3	view
592.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	14	2008	2	view
593.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
594.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	16	2008	1	view
595.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	17	2008	3	view
596.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
597.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
598.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
599.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
600.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
601.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
602.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
603.	Republic of Korea	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
604.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	18	2008	10	view
605.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	19	2008	16	view
606.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	20	2008	13	view
607.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	21	2008	8	view
608.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
609.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	23	2008	3	view
610.	Russian Federation	A (H1)	24	2008	2	view
611.	Senegal	A (H1)	1	2008	0	view
612.	Senegal	A (H1)	2	2008	0	view
613.	Senegal	A (H1)	3	2008	0	view
614.	Senegal	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
615.	Senegal	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
616.	Senegal	A (H1)	6	2008	0	view
617.	Senegal	A (H1)	7	2008	0	view
618.	Senegal	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
619.	Senegal	A (H1)	9	2008	0	view
620.	Senegal	A (H1)	10	2008	0	view
621.	Senegal	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
622.	Senegal	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
623.	Senegal	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
624.	Senegal	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
625.	Senegal	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
626.	Senegal	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
627.	Senegal	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
628.	Senegal	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
629.	Senegal	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
630.	Senegal	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
631.	Singapore	A (H1)	1	2008	1	view
632.	Singapore	A (H1)	2	2008	1	view
633.	Singapore	A (H1)	3	2008	3	view
634.	Singapore	A (H1)	4	2008	0	view
635.	Singapore	A (H1)	5	2008	0	view
636.	Singapore	A (H1)	6	2008	2	view
637.	Singapore	A (H1)	7	2008	2	view
638.	Singapore	A (H1)	8	2008	0	view
639.	Singapore	A (H1)	9	2008	0	view
640.	Singapore	A (H1)	10	2008	1	view
641.	Singapore	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
642.	Singapore	A (H1)	12	2008	1	view
643.	Singapore	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
644.	Singapore	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
645.	Singapore	A (H1)	15	2008	1	view
646.	Singapore	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
647.	Singapore	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
648.	Singapore	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
649.	Singapore	A (H1)	19	2008	4	view
650.	Singapore	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
651.	Singapore	A (H1)	21	2008	4	view
652.	Singapore	A (H1)	22	2008	2	view
653.	Singapore	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
654.	Singapore	A (H1)	24	2008	1	view
655.	Singapore	A (H1)	25	2008	2	view
656.	Singapore	A (H1)	26	2008	1	view
657.	Singapore	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
658.	Slovenia	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
659.	Slovenia	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
660.	Slovenia	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
661.	Slovenia	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
662.	Slovenia	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
663.	Slovenia	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
664.	Slovenia	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
665.	Slovenia	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
666.	Slovenia	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
667.	Slovenia	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
668.	Slovenia	A (H1)	30	2008	0	view
669.	Slovenia	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
670.	Slovenia	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
671.	South Africa	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
672.	South Africa	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
673.	South Africa	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
674.	South Africa	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
675.	South Africa	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
676.	South Africa	A (H1)	20	2008	4	view
677.	South Africa	A (H1)	21	2008	1	view
678.	South Africa	A (H1)	22	2008	5	view
679.	South Africa	A (H1)	23	2008	9	view
680.	South Africa	A (H1)	24	2008	21	view
681.	South Africa	A (H1)	25	2008	26	view
682.	South Africa	A (H1)	26	2008	33	view
683.	South Africa	A (H1)	27	2008	18	view
684.	South Africa	A (H1)	28	2008	3	view
685.	Spain	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
686.	Spain	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
687.	Spain	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
688.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
689.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
690.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
691.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
692.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
693.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
694.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
695.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
696.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
697.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	27	2008	44	view
698.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	28	2008	0	view
699.	Sri Lanka	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
700.	Sweden	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
701.	Sweden	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
702.	Switzerland	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
703.	Switzerland	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
704.	Switzerland	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
705.	Switzerland	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
706.	Switzerland	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
707.	Switzerland	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
708.	Switzerland	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
709.	Switzerland	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
710.	Switzerland	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
711.	Switzerland	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
712.	Switzerland	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
713.	Thailand	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
714.	Thailand	A (H1)	19	2008	2	view
715.	Thailand	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
716.	Thailand	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
717.	Thailand	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
718.	Thailand	A (H1)	23	2008	1	view
719.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	1	2008	59	view
720.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	2	2008	95	view
721.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	3	2008	61	view
722.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	4	2008	34	view
723.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	5	2008	35	view
724.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	6	2008	30	view
725.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	7	2008	11	view
726.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	8	2008	22	view
727.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	9	2008	3	view
728.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	10	2008	18	view
729.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	11	2008	3	view
730.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	12	2008	6	view
731.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	13	2008	3	view
732.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
733.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	15	2008	6	view
734.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	16	2008	1	view
735.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	17	2008	1	view
736.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
737.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
738.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	20	2008	1	view
739.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
740.	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
741.	United States of America	A (H1)	1	2008	76	view
742.	United States of America	A (H1)	2	2008	162	view
743.	United States of America	A (H1)	3	2008	198	view
744.	United States of America	A (H1)	4	2008	202	view
745.	United States of America	A (H1)	5	2008	241	view
746.	United States of America	A (H1)	6	2008	247	view
747.	United States of America	A (H1)	7	2008	193	view
748.	United States of America	A (H1)	8	2008	171	view
749.	United States of America	A (H1)	9	2008	114	view
750.	United States of America	A (H1)	10	2008	61	view
751.	United States of America	A (H1)	11	2008	65	view
752.	United States of America	A (H1)	12	2008	45	view
753.	United States of America	A (H1)	13	2008	11	view
754.	United States of America	A (H1)	14	2008	12	view
755.	United States of America	A (H1)	15	2008	5	view
756.	United States of America	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
757.	United States of America	A (H1)	17	2008	4	view
758.	United States of America	A (H1)	18	2008	1	view
759.	United States of America	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
760.	United States of America	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
761.	United States of America	A (H1)	21	2008	1	view
762.	United States of America	A (H1)	22	2008	0	view
763.	United States of America	A (H1)	23	2008	0	view
764.	United States of America	A (H1)	24	2008	0	view
765.	United States of America	A (H1)	25	2008	0	view
766.	United States of America	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
767.	United States of America	A (H1)	27	2008	0	view
768.	United States of America	A (H1)	28	2008	1	view
769.	United States of America	A (H1)	29	2008	0	view
770.	United States of America	A (H1)	30	2008	1	view
771.	United States of America	A (H1)	31	2008	0	view
772.	United States of America	A (H1)	32	2008	0	view
773.	Uruguay	A (H1)	11	2008	0	view
774.	Uruguay	A (H1)	12	2008	0	view
775.	Uruguay	A (H1)	13	2008	0	view
776.	Uruguay	A (H1)	14	2008	0	view
777.	Uruguay	A (H1)	15	2008	0	view
778.	Uruguay	A (H1)	16	2008	0	view
779.	Uruguay	A (H1)	17	2008	0	view
780.	Uruguay	A (H1)	18	2008	0	view
781.	Uruguay	A (H1)	19	2008	0	view
782.	Uruguay	A (H1)	20	2008	0	view
783.	Uruguay	A (H1)	21	2008	0	view
784.	Uruguay	A (H1)	22	2008	2	view
785.	Uruguay	A (H1)	23	2008	3	view
786.	Uruguay	A (H1)	24	2008	3	view
787.	Uruguay	A (H1)	25	2008	1	view
788.	Uruguay	A (H1)	26	2008	0	view
789.	Uruguay	A (H1)	27	2008	2	view
790.	Uruguay	A (H1)	28	2008	2	view
791.	Uruguay	A (H1)	29	2008	3	view
792.	Uruguay	A (H1)	30	2008	1	view
793.	Uruguay	A (H1)	31	2008	1	view
794.	Viet Nam	A (H1)	1	2008	1	view

Laidback Al · #12 August 19th, 2008, 11:59 PM

PNEUMONIA - NICARAGUA, HONDURAS (03)*A ProMED-mail post<http://www.promedmail.org>

ProMED-mail is a program of theInternational Society for Infectious Diseases<http://www.isid.org>Dat: Tue 19 Aug 2008From: William S. Scott<William.S.Scott@osfhealthcare.org>

This comment is sent in response to the ProMED-mail request for relevant information on causative agents for the Nicaragua and/or Honduras outbreaks of pneumonia [see: Pneumonia - Nicaragua, Honduras: alert RFI 20080817.2550].

I recently returned from Nicaragua while on a medical mission trip (VIMM) [Volunteers in Medical Missions] from 2 to 9 Aug 2008 and our group treated and evaluated 1015 people near the Nicaraguan/Honduran boarder. We saw many children and mothers with chief complaints of URIs [upper respiratory tract infections] and viral like symptoms [febrile illness?]. We had no ability to do laboratory testing.Very few cases were empirically diagnosed with pneumonia. Only one child was taken to the hospital by our group for moderate dehydration.--William Scott, MD, MPHOSF Saint Francis Medical CenterPeoria, IL.USA

[Dr. Scott's observations are consistent with the 2nd report from Nicaragua (see below) indicating that most of the cases are thought to be due to influenza A H1 virus or respiratory syncytial virus infection. It is clear that in the original report the term 'pneumonia' is being used broadly as indicative of respiratory tract infection, rather than in its strict definition as infection of the small air sacs of the lungs (alveoli) and the tissues around them.

The HealthMap/ProMED-mail interactive map of Nicaragua, showing the border with Honduras can be accessed at<http://healthmap.org/promed?v=12.8,-85,5>. - Mod.CP][see also:Pneumonia - Nicaragua, Honduras (02): influenza & RSV 20080818.2568Pneumonia - Nicaragua, Honduras: alert RFI 20080817.2550].............................cp/ejp/dk

http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f?..._ID:1000,73615

Helblindi · #13 August 22nd, 2008, 09:08 AM

Nicaragua update - 155.000 people with H1N1-induced ARI, 298 deaths

Deaths by ARI go off to 298
21/08/2008

Acute Respiratory Infections, ARI, follow without giving truce to the Nicaraguan childhood. It is the main cause of medical consultation in the areas of Pediatría of the hospitals "La Mascota" and "Vélez Paiz". The number of deaths because of the virus of influenza was increased 298, in its majority young and people of the third age.

In both welfare centers, esteem that in the season of winter seven of each ten consultations in smaller children of five years obeys to affections by ARI, whereas in east summer type of consultations is of three of each ten.

Doctor Edmundo Sanchez, Director of Epidemiología of the Minsa, said yesterday in press conference that the number of cases in the last days has been reduced in a 3 percent, in relation to previous weeks. It is a minimum reduction, judging by the filled thing that stays the rooms of the hospitals Manuel de Jesus Rivera "La Mascota" and "Fernando Vélez Paiz".

The epidemiólogo said that the department of Managua, for being the one that has greater amount of population and by the hacinamiento in which many families live, is at the top in the total of cases, followed by Masaya, Jinotega, Chontales and Boaco.

The attentions

According to the report of the Minsa, until yesterday entered 155 thousand taken care of cases of neumonías in the units of public health of the country.

Sanchez said that in the country the threat of the virus of influenza H1N1 persists, that has remained in the country by several years.

Doctor Gerald Mejía, Director of the "La Mascota", said that the total of attentions in the hospital follows the same tendency that in previous weeks.

"We are almost just as the last week, we are with about 90 cases in the hospital, we had the tip but great that was 120", Mejía expressed.

That is neumonía?

It expressed that due to the increase of cases they maintain the room of attention of specialties to take care of the cases of neumonía. "The medicine supplying to take care of the ARI is excellent", asserted galen.

It is an infection in the inferior respiratory routes (lungs). It is caused by different microbes. It could take place, in addition, by an influenza nontreated in time. The most common symptoms are fever, fatigue, pain in the flank straight mainly, dry cough and secretions.

Galen recommended the family parents who not automediquen to children, that ingests much liquid, which they frequently make washing of hands, that take shelter and use handkerchiefs at the time of sneezing, and requested that to the smaller symptom of the disease in the children --cough, fever, difficulty to breathe, fatigue, decay and loss of the appetite-- go to the unit of nearer Health.

El Nuevo Diario[b]

HenryN · #14 August 31st, 2008, 02:42 PM

gb|CY034621.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guatemala/AF1995/2008(H1N... 30.2 0.16
gb|CY034620.1| Influenza A virus (A/Honduras/AF1994/2008(H1N1... 30.2 0.16
gb|CY034619.1| Influenza A virus (A/Honduras/AF1993/2008(H1N1... 30.2 0.16
gb|CY034596.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guatemala/AF1969/2008(H1N... 30.2 0.16
gb|CY034595.1| Influenza A virus (A/Honduras/AF1968/2008(H1N1... 30.2 0.16
gb|EF599719.1| Influenza A virus (A/lake ice/Lake Park/Siberi... 30.2 0.16

HenryN · #15 August 31st, 2008, 02:44 PM

gb|CY034621.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guatemala/AF1995/2008(H1N... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY034620.1| Influenza A virus (A/Honduras/AF1994/2008(H1N1... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY034619.1| Influenza A virus (A/Honduras/AF1993/2008(H1N1... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY034596.1| Influenza A virus (A/Guatemala/AF1969/2008(H1N... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY034595.1| Influenza A virus (A/Honduras/AF1968/2008(H1N1... 34.2 0.016
gb|EU551846.1| Influenza A virus (A/Paris/1208/2008(H1N1)) he... 34.2 0.016
gb|EU791297.1| Influenza A virus (A/Ulaanbaatar/1094/2007(H1)... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY013279.1| Influenza A virus (A/New York/643/1995(H1N1)) ... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY010532.1| Influenza A virus (A/New York/621/1995(H1N1)) ... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY010508.1| Influenza A virus (A/New York/615/1995(H1N1)) ... 34.2 0.016
gb|CY010492.1| Influenza A virus (A/New York/605/1995(H1N1)) ... 34.2 0.016

HenryN · #16 August 31st, 2008, 02:49 PM

A/Guatemala/AF1969/2008 01-Jun-2008
A/Guatemala/AF1995/2008 08-Jun-2008
A/Honduras/AF1968/2008 07-Jul-2008
A/Honduras/AF1994/2008 21-Jul-2008
A/Honduras/AF1993/2008 22-Jul-2008

HenryN · #17 August 31st, 2008, 03:23 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by KBD

I wish I spoke Spanish!

It looks like the H1N1 cases have H274Y and are in both Honduras and Nicaragua and may be at 100%.

HenryN · #18 August 31st, 2008, 04:16 PM

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/08...Guatemala.html

HenryN · #19 September 2nd, 2008, 11:59 AM

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/09...Evolution.html

HenryN · #20 September 3rd, 2008, 01:54 PM

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/09...4Y_Spread.html

AlaskaDenise · #21 September 4th, 2008, 04:52 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by niman

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/08...Guatemala.html

Commentary

H1N1 Tamiflu Resistance At 100% in Honduras and Guatemala?
Recombinomics Commentary 20:47
August 31, 2008

With respect to neumonía, Sanchez needed that 260 people died in which goes of the year, among them 127 smaller children of five years and 96 greater adults of 50, the most vulnerable groups to the respiratory affections. Between the diseases that have begun to appear in the last months it appears influenza type AH1 N1, that causes high fevers, cough, muscular pains and in some cases diarrea pictures, it explained.

The above translation describes recent deaths Nicaragua, that were linked to H1N1 infections. The comments expressed concerns that influenza from Honduras was spreading into Nicaragua.

HA sequences from H1N1 isolates from Honduras and Guatamala were recently released at GenBank as part of a US military (Air Force) surveillance program. These sequences were in addition to a large series released a few months. The H1N1 sequences were collected in 2007/2008 season, and the five recent isolates from Honduras and Guatemala listed below are Brisbane/59 and closely related to each other.

Phylogenetic analysis places these isolates on a branch with H1N1 isolates that have H274Y. Recently sequences from South Africa were released, where the frequency of H274Y in H1N1 cases were at 100%, suggesting the sequences provided a selection advantage. The HA sequences from South Africa fell into two major groups. One had a cluster on newly acquired polymorphisms onto a genetic background that was common among H274Y isolates in the United States. The second group was related bur fell onto a branch with H274Y isolates from France.

The isolates from Honduras and Nicaragua form a new branch from the second branch described above. This new branch also has an isolate from France, which has H274Y, strongly suggesting that there recent isolates from Guatemala (collected in early June) and Honduras (collected in early and late July) also have H274Y, raising concern that the frequency of H274Y in recent isolates in Guatemala and Honduras are also near 100% Tamiflu resistant, which may now also be true for Nicaragua.

The NA sequence from these patients as well as additional isolates would be useful. All recent isolates also have K99N, which was also present in sequences from a Siberian Lake, which were closely related to human H1N1 from the 1930’s.

These data raise concerns that high frequencies of Tamiflu resistance have also come to North America. In South Africa, the first 107 H1N1 sequences this season had H274Y, as did the first 10 sequences from Australia.

A/Guatemala/AF1969/2008 01-Jun-2008
A/Guatemala/AF1995/2008 08-Jun-2008
A/Honduras/AF1968/2008 07-Jul-2008
A/Honduras/AF1994/2008 21-Jul-2008
A/Honduras/AF1993/2008 22-Jul-2008

.

AlaskaDenise · #22 September 4th, 2008, 04:53 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by niman

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/09...Evolution.html

Commentary

H1N1 Tamiflu Resistance Emergence and Evolution
Recombinomics Commentary 16:41
September 2, 2008

The recent reports from South Africa and Australia have increased concerns that H1N1 oseltamivir resistance (H274Y) is becoming widespread during the current flu season in the southern hemisphere. Similarly, the recent HA sequences released by the US Air Force surveillance program has raised concerns that H274Y is also becoming dominant in the Americas.

Tamiflu resistance can be assessed indirectly through phyogenetic analysis of HA sequences which include sequences from isolates known to contain H274Y. In the United States, there is a dominant HA sequence associated with H274Y on NA. The 2008 sequences from the Air Force, A/New JerseyAF1291/2008 and A/Texas/AF1960/2008 both map to this branch, indicating the isolates are likely to contain H274Y. Similarly, another branch has H274Y positive isolates from Wyoming and Arizona, indicating the co-mapping sequence from A/Oklahoma/AF1901/2008, is also from an isolate positive for H274Y. Another branch has H274Y positive sequences from Illinois, Indiana, and Minnesota, indicating A/Alabama/AF1952/2008 is also H274Y positive. Yet another branch, which has A/Paris/1208/2008, also has the five recent isolates from Guatemala and Honduras, raising concerns that H274Y is present at high frequencies in H1N1 isolates in North America.

These isolates from Honduras and Guatemala are closely related to each other ands the French isolate, and were collected in June and July, raising concerns that this sub-clade is gaining dominance. Moreover, the other isolates above demonstrate how the established sub-clades continue to increase in number and increasing geographic reach. This was also seen in the sequences from South Africa, as well as phylogenetic analysis of isolates from Japan.

These new branches with H274Y isolates support new acquisitions of H274Y onto various genetic backgrounds, raising concerns that the dramatic increase of H274Y levels in H1N1 seasonal flu, which may be linked to the vaccine mismatch, will lead to transfer of H274Y onto new backgrounds via recombination, in addition to backgrounds that evolve from existing sequences.

The genetic background jumping was seen in prior seasons. H274Y was first reported on a Hong Kong (clade 2C) background in China in the 2005/2006 season, which was followed by New Caledonia (clade 1 in 2006/2007). The first reported cases on the Brisbane (clade 2B) background were in 2007 in Hawaii, which was followed by acquisition by the dominant B sub-clade in the United States and northern Europe.

The above expansion was in patients who were not taking Tamiflu, raising concerns that the fixing of H274Y in H1N1 will continue to increase, as seen in recent isolates from South Africa and Australia, as well as likely acquisitions in the Americas.

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AlaskaDenise · #23 September 4th, 2008, 04:54 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by niman

Commentary

http://www.recombinomics.com/News/09...4Y_Spread.html

Commentary

Spread of H1N1 Tamiflu Resistance
Recombinomics Commentary 18:41
September 3, 2008

The recently released HA sequences from Guatemala and Honduras have raised concerns that like South Africa and Australia, the level of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance in H1N1 in circulation this summer is 100%. This increase to 100% has been rapid, raising questions about the mechanism underlying the increase as well as the stability of the change in future H1N1 isolates, as well as related H5N1 isolates.

Although oseltamivir was approved in 1999, the spread of resistance in patients who are not receiving oseltamivir has only been reported recently. The highest usage is in Japan, and there have been prior outbreaks of resistance in children receiving sub-optimal doses. However, these cases were being actively treated with oseltamivir and the resistance appeared in H1N1 and H3N2 and involved multiple polymorphisms. In contrast the recent cases have only involved H1N1 and have all be H274Y, encoded by the same single nucleotide polymorphism. This change matches the change linked to resistance in H5N1, which was reported initially in oseltamivir treated patients in Vietnam in 2005.

A matching sequences downstream from H274Y has been reported for H1N1 in the United States this year, A/Indiana/01/2008 (clade 2B), but the first reported human cases were in patients in China in the 2005/2006. These patients were not receiving oseltamivir, and the H1N1 was the Hong Kong strain (clade 2C). In the following season, H274Y was reported in the New Caledonia strain (clade 1). By the end of 2007, H274Y was reported in the Brisbane strain (clade 2B) in Hawaii. The downstream sequence of clade 1, 2B, and 2C match facilitating transfer of H274Y from one genetic background to another.

However, the transfer of H274Y sequence with an altered downstream region put H274Y on a subclade that was becoming dominant in the United States and Europe allowing H274Y spread to increase markedly. However, in addition to this common sub-clade, H274Y continued to be appended onto multiple clade 2B sub-clades.

Thus, there were two mechanisms of H274Y. One involved independent introductions only new clade 2B backgrounds, while a second mechanism involved spread and evolution of a common clade 2B background. These backgrounds include isolates from France, which were precursors for a subset of the resistance in South Africa, as well as the recent sequences from Guatemala and Honduras. The other sub-set in South Africa links back to the isolates in the United States, but this sub-set in South Africa has acquired a cluster of changes in HA, These changes are in the dominate H1N1 sub-clade in South Africa, raising concerns of additional resistance to the new H1N1 vaccine, which targets clade 2b (Brisbane/59).

The ability of H274Y to jump from clade to clade, as well as multiple sub-clades in 2B, as well as the rapid evolution of the 2B sub-clades, raises concerns of another vaccine mismatch, as well as the associated increase in H274Y in the H1N1 gene pool. Moreover, the match between H5N1 and the recent H1N1 isolate from Indiana raises concerns that oseltamivir resistance would develop quickly after H5N1 transmission efficiencies in humans increase, regardless of oseltamivir usage.

The rapid spread of H274Y in seasonal flu and the recent reports of increases to 100% continue to be cause for concern in seasonal and pandemic flu evolution and spread.

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