tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Ann Neurosci
. 2021 Jul;28(3-4):201-218.
doi: 10.1177/09727531211023755. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Spike Glycoprotein Is Central to Coronavirus Pathogenesis-Parallel Between m-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Fareeha Saadi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Debnath Pal[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jayasri Das Sarma[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, polyadenylated, enveloped RNA of positive polarity with a unique potential to alter host tropism. This has been exceptionally demonstrated by the emergence of deadly virus outbreaks of the past: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012.
Summary: The 2019 outbreak by the new cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has put the world on alert. CoV infection is triggered by receptor recognition, membrane fusion, and successive viral entry mediated by the surface Spike (S) glycoprotein. S protein is one of the major antigenic determinants and the target for neutralizing antibodies. It is a valuable target in antiviral therapies because of its central role in cell-cell fusion, viral antigen spread, and host immune responses leading to immunopathogenesis. The receptor-binding domain of S protein has received greater attention as it initiates host attachment and contains major antigenic determinants. However, investigating the therapeutic potential of fusion peptide as a part of the fusion core complex assembled by the heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2) is also warranted. Along with receptor attachment and entry, fusion mechanisms should also be explored for designing inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention.
Key message: In this article, we review the S protein function and its role in mediating membrane fusion, spread, tropism, and its associated pathogenesis with notable therapeutic strategies focusing on results obtained from studies on a murine β-Coronavirus (m-CoV) and its associated disease process.
Keywords: Cell-cell fusion; Coronavirus; Fusion peptide; Murine CoV (m-CoV); Pathogenesis; SARS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein; Virus-host attachment protein.
. 2021 Jul;28(3-4):201-218.
doi: 10.1177/09727531211023755. Epub 2021 Oct 12.
Spike Glycoprotein Is Central to Coronavirus Pathogenesis-Parallel Between m-CoV and SARS-CoV-2
Fareeha Saadi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Debnath Pal[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jayasri Das Sarma[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35341224
- PMCID: PMC8948335
- DOI: 10.1177/09727531211023755
Abstract
Background: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, polyadenylated, enveloped RNA of positive polarity with a unique potential to alter host tropism. This has been exceptionally demonstrated by the emergence of deadly virus outbreaks of the past: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in 2012.
Summary: The 2019 outbreak by the new cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has put the world on alert. CoV infection is triggered by receptor recognition, membrane fusion, and successive viral entry mediated by the surface Spike (S) glycoprotein. S protein is one of the major antigenic determinants and the target for neutralizing antibodies. It is a valuable target in antiviral therapies because of its central role in cell-cell fusion, viral antigen spread, and host immune responses leading to immunopathogenesis. The receptor-binding domain of S protein has received greater attention as it initiates host attachment and contains major antigenic determinants. However, investigating the therapeutic potential of fusion peptide as a part of the fusion core complex assembled by the heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2) is also warranted. Along with receptor attachment and entry, fusion mechanisms should also be explored for designing inhibitors as a therapeutic intervention.
Key message: In this article, we review the S protein function and its role in mediating membrane fusion, spread, tropism, and its associated pathogenesis with notable therapeutic strategies focusing on results obtained from studies on a murine β-Coronavirus (m-CoV) and its associated disease process.
Keywords: Cell-cell fusion; Coronavirus; Fusion peptide; Murine CoV (m-CoV); Pathogenesis; SARS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; Spike protein; Virus-host attachment protein.