tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol. 2019 Mar 20. pii: JVI.00271-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00271-19. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Antarctic penguins as reservoirs of diversity for avian avulaviruses.[/h] Wille M[SUP]1[/SUP], Aban M[SUP]2[/SUP], Wang J[SUP]3[/SUP], Moore N[SUP]3[/SUP], Shan S[SUP]4[/SUP], Marshall J[SUP]5[/SUP], Acu?a DG[SUP]6[/SUP], Vijaykrishna D[SUP]7[/SUP], Butler J[SUP]4[/SUP], Wang J[SUP]4[/SUP], Hall RJ[SUP]3[/SUP], Williams DT[SUP]4[/SUP], Hurt AC[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Wild birds harbour a huge diversity of avian avulaviruses (formerly avian paramyxoviruses). Antarctic penguin species have been screened for avian avulaviruses since the 1980s, and as such are known hosts of these viruses. In this study we screened three penguin species from the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula for avian avulaviruses. We show that Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) are hosts for four different avian avulavirus species: the recently described avian avulaviruses 17-19, and avian avulavirus 10-like, never before isolated in Antarctica. A total of 24 viruses were isolated and sequenced; avian avulavirus 17 was the most common, and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated patterns of occurrence with different genetic clusters corresponding to penguin age and location. Following infection in specific pathogen free chickens, all four avian avulavirus species were shed from the oral cavity for up to seven days post-infection. There was limited shedding from the cloaca in a proportion of infected chickens, and all but one bird seroconverted by day 21. No clinical signs were observed. Taken together, we propose that penguin species, including Antarctic penguins, may be the central reservoir for a diversity of avian avulavirus species, and that these viruses have the potential to infect other avian hosts.IMPORTANCE Approximately 99% of all viruses are still to be described, and in our changing world any one of these unknown viruses could potentially expand their host range and cause epidemic disease in wildlife, agricultural animals or humans. Avian avulavirus 1 causes outbreaks in wild birds and poultry and is thus well described. However, for many avulavirus species, only a single specimen has been described, and viral ecology and epidemiology is unknown. Through the detection of avian avulaviruses in penguins from Antarctica, we have been able to expand upon our understanding of three avian avulavirus species (avian avulaviruses 17-19) and report a potentially novel avulavirus species. Importantly we show that penguins appear to play a key role in the epidemiology of avian avulaviruses and encourage additional sampling of this avian group.
Copyright ? 2019 Wille et al.
PMID: 30894472 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00271-19
Free full text
[h=1]Antarctic penguins as reservoirs of diversity for avian avulaviruses.[/h] Wille M[SUP]1[/SUP], Aban M[SUP]2[/SUP], Wang J[SUP]3[/SUP], Moore N[SUP]3[/SUP], Shan S[SUP]4[/SUP], Marshall J[SUP]5[/SUP], Acu?a DG[SUP]6[/SUP], Vijaykrishna D[SUP]7[/SUP], Butler J[SUP]4[/SUP], Wang J[SUP]4[/SUP], Hall RJ[SUP]3[/SUP], Williams DT[SUP]4[/SUP], Hurt AC[SUP]1[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] Wild birds harbour a huge diversity of avian avulaviruses (formerly avian paramyxoviruses). Antarctic penguin species have been screened for avian avulaviruses since the 1980s, and as such are known hosts of these viruses. In this study we screened three penguin species from the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula for avian avulaviruses. We show that Adelie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) are hosts for four different avian avulavirus species: the recently described avian avulaviruses 17-19, and avian avulavirus 10-like, never before isolated in Antarctica. A total of 24 viruses were isolated and sequenced; avian avulavirus 17 was the most common, and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated patterns of occurrence with different genetic clusters corresponding to penguin age and location. Following infection in specific pathogen free chickens, all four avian avulavirus species were shed from the oral cavity for up to seven days post-infection. There was limited shedding from the cloaca in a proportion of infected chickens, and all but one bird seroconverted by day 21. No clinical signs were observed. Taken together, we propose that penguin species, including Antarctic penguins, may be the central reservoir for a diversity of avian avulavirus species, and that these viruses have the potential to infect other avian hosts.IMPORTANCE Approximately 99% of all viruses are still to be described, and in our changing world any one of these unknown viruses could potentially expand their host range and cause epidemic disease in wildlife, agricultural animals or humans. Avian avulavirus 1 causes outbreaks in wild birds and poultry and is thus well described. However, for many avulavirus species, only a single specimen has been described, and viral ecology and epidemiology is unknown. Through the detection of avian avulaviruses in penguins from Antarctica, we have been able to expand upon our understanding of three avian avulavirus species (avian avulaviruses 17-19) and report a potentially novel avulavirus species. Importantly we show that penguins appear to play a key role in the epidemiology of avian avulaviruses and encourage additional sampling of this avian group.
Copyright ? 2019 Wille et al.
PMID: 30894472 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00271-19
Free full text