tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Arthritis Rheumatol
. 2021 Jul 1.
doi: 10.1002/art.41914. Online ahead of print.
Brief Report: Humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in B cell depleted autoimmune patients
David Simon[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Koray Tascilar[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Katja Schmidt[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bernhard Manger[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Leonie Weckwerth[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maria Sokolova[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Laura Bucci[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Filippo Fagni[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Karin Manger[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Florian Schuch[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Monika Ronneberger[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Axel Hueber[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ulrike Steffen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Dirk Mielenz[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Martin Herrmann[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Thomas Harrer[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Arnd Kleyer[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Gerhard Krönke[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Georg Schett[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Objective: B cell depletion is an established therapeutic principle in a wide range of autoimmune disease. However, B cells are also critical for inducing protective immunity after infection and vaccination. We therefore assessed humoral and cellular immune responses after infection with or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) in B cell depleted patients and B cell competent healthy controls.
Methods: Antibody (ELISA) and T cell (IFNγ ELISPOT) responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid proteins were assessed in a limited number of infected (N=6) and vaccinated (N=8) B cell depleted autoimmune patients as well as infected (N=30) and vaccinated (N=30) healthy controls.
Results: As expected, B and T cell responses to the nucleocapsid were observed only after infection, while respective responses to spike S1 were found both after infection and vaccination. A SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was observed in all vaccinated controls (30/30, 100%) but in none (0/8) of the vaccinated B-cell-depleted patients. In contrast, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, both B-cell-depleted patients (spike S: 5/6, 83%; nucleocapsid 3/6, 50%) and healthy controls (spike S: 28/30, 94%; nucleocapsid 28/30, 93%) developed antibodies. T cell responses against the spike S1 and nucleocapsid proteins were found in both infected and vaccinated B cell depleted subjects and in the controls.
Conclusion: These data show that B cell depletion completely blocks humoral but not T cell SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response. Furthermore, limited humoral immune responses are found in B cell depleted patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
. 2021 Jul 1.
doi: 10.1002/art.41914. Online ahead of print.
Brief Report: Humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in B cell depleted autoimmune patients
David Simon[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Koray Tascilar[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Katja Schmidt[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bernhard Manger[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Leonie Weckwerth[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maria Sokolova[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Laura Bucci[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Filippo Fagni[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Karin Manger[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Florian Schuch[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Monika Ronneberger[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Axel Hueber[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ulrike Steffen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Dirk Mielenz[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Martin Herrmann[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Thomas Harrer[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Arnd Kleyer[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Gerhard Krönke[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Georg Schett[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34196506
- DOI: 10.1002/art.41914
Abstract
Objective: B cell depletion is an established therapeutic principle in a wide range of autoimmune disease. However, B cells are also critical for inducing protective immunity after infection and vaccination. We therefore assessed humoral and cellular immune responses after infection with or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) in B cell depleted patients and B cell competent healthy controls.
Methods: Antibody (ELISA) and T cell (IFNγ ELISPOT) responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid proteins were assessed in a limited number of infected (N=6) and vaccinated (N=8) B cell depleted autoimmune patients as well as infected (N=30) and vaccinated (N=30) healthy controls.
Results: As expected, B and T cell responses to the nucleocapsid were observed only after infection, while respective responses to spike S1 were found both after infection and vaccination. A SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was observed in all vaccinated controls (30/30, 100%) but in none (0/8) of the vaccinated B-cell-depleted patients. In contrast, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, both B-cell-depleted patients (spike S: 5/6, 83%; nucleocapsid 3/6, 50%) and healthy controls (spike S: 28/30, 94%; nucleocapsid 28/30, 93%) developed antibodies. T cell responses against the spike S1 and nucleocapsid proteins were found in both infected and vaccinated B cell depleted subjects and in the controls.
Conclusion: These data show that B cell depletion completely blocks humoral but not T cell SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response. Furthermore, limited humoral immune responses are found in B cell depleted patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection.