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Detection of hemagglutinin H5 influenza A virus sequence in municipal wastewater solids at wastewater treatment plants with increases in influenza A in spring, 2024
Posted April 29, 2024.
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Marlene K Wolfe, Dorothea Duong, Bridgette Shelden, View ORCID ProfileElana M. G. Chan, Vikram Chan-Herur, Stephen Hilton, Abigail Harvey Paulos, Alessandro Zulli, Bradley White, View ORCID ProfileAlexandria Boehm
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.26.24306409
This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
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Abstract
Prospective influenza A (IAV) RNA monitoring at 190 wastewater treatment plants across the US identified increases in IAV RNA concentrations at 59 plants in spring 2024, after the typical seasonal influenza period, coincident with the identification of highly pathogenic avian influenza (subtype H5N1) circulating in dairy cattle in the US. We developed and validated a hydrolysis-probe RT-PCR assay for quantification of the H5 hemagglutinin gene. We applied it retrospectively to samples from three plants where springtime increases were identified. The H5 marker was detected at all three plants coinciding with the increases. Plants were located in a state with confirmed outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, in dairy cattle. Concentrations of the H5 gene approached overall influenza A virus gene concentrations, suggesting a large fraction of IAV inputs were H5 subtypes. At two of the wastewater plants, industrial discharges containing animal waste, including milk byproducts, were permitted to discharge into sewers. Our findings demonstrate wastewater monitoring can detect animal-associated influenza contributions, and highlight the need to consider industrial and agricultural inputs into wastewater. This work illustrates the value of wastewater monitoring for comprehensive influenza surveillance for diseases with zoonotic potential across human and animal populations.
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https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.24306409v1
Posted April 29, 2024.
Download PDF
Marlene K Wolfe, Dorothea Duong, Bridgette Shelden, View ORCID ProfileElana M. G. Chan, Vikram Chan-Herur, Stephen Hilton, Abigail Harvey Paulos, Alessandro Zulli, Bradley White, View ORCID ProfileAlexandria Boehm
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.04.26.24306409
This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [what does this mean?]. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
000000367
Abstract
Prospective influenza A (IAV) RNA monitoring at 190 wastewater treatment plants across the US identified increases in IAV RNA concentrations at 59 plants in spring 2024, after the typical seasonal influenza period, coincident with the identification of highly pathogenic avian influenza (subtype H5N1) circulating in dairy cattle in the US. We developed and validated a hydrolysis-probe RT-PCR assay for quantification of the H5 hemagglutinin gene. We applied it retrospectively to samples from three plants where springtime increases were identified. The H5 marker was detected at all three plants coinciding with the increases. Plants were located in a state with confirmed outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza, H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, in dairy cattle. Concentrations of the H5 gene approached overall influenza A virus gene concentrations, suggesting a large fraction of IAV inputs were H5 subtypes. At two of the wastewater plants, industrial discharges containing animal waste, including milk byproducts, were permitted to discharge into sewers. Our findings demonstrate wastewater monitoring can detect animal-associated influenza contributions, and highlight the need to consider industrial and agricultural inputs into wastewater. This work illustrates the value of wastewater monitoring for comprehensive influenza surveillance for diseases with zoonotic potential across human and animal populations.
...
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.24306409v1
