tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Emerg Infect Dis
. 2024 Mar 13;30(4).
doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Online ahead of print.
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Bailey Arruda, Amy L Vincent Baker, Alexandra Buckley, Tavis K Anderson, Mia Torchetti, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Mary Lea Killian, Kristina Lantz
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility of swine to avian and mammalian HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains using a pathogenesis and transmission model. All strains replicated in the lung of pigs and caused lesions consistent with influenza A infection. However, viral replication in the nasal cavity and transmission was only observed with mammalian isolates. Mammalian adaptation and reassortment may increase the risk for incursion and transmission of HPAI viruses in feral, backyard, or commercial swine.
Keywords: H5N1 subtype; United States; avian influenza; influenza; influenza A virus; mammals; porcine; poultry; respiratory infections; swine; viruses; zoonoses.
. 2024 Mar 13;30(4).
doi: 10.3201/eid3004.231141. Online ahead of print.
Divergent Pathogenesis and Transmission of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in Swine
Bailey Arruda, Amy L Vincent Baker, Alexandra Buckley, Tavis K Anderson, Mia Torchetti, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Mary Lea Killian, Kristina Lantz
- PMID: 38478379
- DOI: 10.3201/eid3004.231141
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility of swine to avian and mammalian HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b strains using a pathogenesis and transmission model. All strains replicated in the lung of pigs and caused lesions consistent with influenza A infection. However, viral replication in the nasal cavity and transmission was only observed with mammalian isolates. Mammalian adaptation and reassortment may increase the risk for incursion and transmission of HPAI viruses in feral, backyard, or commercial swine.
Keywords: H5N1 subtype; United States; avian influenza; influenza; influenza A virus; mammals; porcine; poultry; respiratory infections; swine; viruses; zoonoses.