tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2025 Jan 6:15:1432989.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1432989. eCollection 2024. A gram-positive enhancer matrix particles vaccine displaying swine influenza virus hemagglutinin protects mice against lethal H1N1 viral challenge
Yufei Zhang[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Pei Zhang[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Xiaoyue Du[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Xiaona Shi[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Jinling Wang[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Shuying Liu[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Introduction: Animal influenza viruses pose a danger to the general public. Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) viruses have recently infected humans in several different countries and are often found in pigs in China, indicating that they have the potential to cause a pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a potent vaccine against EA H1N1.
Methods: In this study, we report the effective intramuscular (i.m.) and/or intranasal (i.n.) vaccination of mice with a subunit influenza vaccine utilizing safe adjuvant gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles derived from the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. The hemagglutinin (HA)-protein anchor (PA) subunit vaccine can be simply mixed with GEM particles to produce vaccines.
Results: After two booster injections, the i.m.+i.n. administered GEM subunit vaccine achieved hemagglutination inhibition titers in the serum that were equivalent to those observed using the conventional i.m. method. The mucosal and Th1-biased immune responses generated by the i.m. administered subunit vaccine alone were inferior to those induced by the i.n. and i.m.+i.n. administered subunit vaccines. Vaccinated mice were challenged with live viruses (G4 EA H1N1 and A/PR/8/34) to determine whether the adjuvant combination protected against the virus after vaccination with the influenza subunit vaccine. Compared to mice inoculated with HA alone, mice immunized with i.m.+i.n. or i.n. HA-PA-GEM displayed undetectable viral titers in the lungs, at 5 d after challenge.
Discussion: Overall, this study not only offers other potential platforms for the generation of swine influenza vaccines, but also a theoretical foundation for vaccine vector platforms that can be utilized for future research on other infections.
Keywords: gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles; influenza; intranasal vaccine; swine influenza; vaccine.
. 2025 Jan 6:15:1432989.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1432989. eCollection 2024. A gram-positive enhancer matrix particles vaccine displaying swine influenza virus hemagglutinin protects mice against lethal H1N1 viral challenge
Yufei Zhang[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Pei Zhang[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Xiaoyue Du[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Xiaona Shi[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Jinling Wang[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Shuying Liu[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39835123
- PMCID: PMC11743504
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1432989
Introduction: Animal influenza viruses pose a danger to the general public. Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1) viruses have recently infected humans in several different countries and are often found in pigs in China, indicating that they have the potential to cause a pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a potent vaccine against EA H1N1.
Methods: In this study, we report the effective intramuscular (i.m.) and/or intranasal (i.n.) vaccination of mice with a subunit influenza vaccine utilizing safe adjuvant gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles derived from the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis. The hemagglutinin (HA)-protein anchor (PA) subunit vaccine can be simply mixed with GEM particles to produce vaccines.
Results: After two booster injections, the i.m.+i.n. administered GEM subunit vaccine achieved hemagglutination inhibition titers in the serum that were equivalent to those observed using the conventional i.m. method. The mucosal and Th1-biased immune responses generated by the i.m. administered subunit vaccine alone were inferior to those induced by the i.n. and i.m.+i.n. administered subunit vaccines. Vaccinated mice were challenged with live viruses (G4 EA H1N1 and A/PR/8/34) to determine whether the adjuvant combination protected against the virus after vaccination with the influenza subunit vaccine. Compared to mice inoculated with HA alone, mice immunized with i.m.+i.n. or i.n. HA-PA-GEM displayed undetectable viral titers in the lungs, at 5 d after challenge.
Discussion: Overall, this study not only offers other potential platforms for the generation of swine influenza vaccines, but also a theoretical foundation for vaccine vector platforms that can be utilized for future research on other infections.
Keywords: gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles; influenza; intranasal vaccine; swine influenza; vaccine.