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Front Immunol . Association of serum vitamin D concentration with the final course of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

tetano

Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol


. 2023 Sep 1;14:1231813.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231813. eCollection 2023. Association of serum vitamin D concentration with the final course of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

Klaudia Konikowska[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katarzyna Kiliś-Pstrusińska[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Krzysztof Kujawa[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Barbara Adamik[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Adrian Doroszko[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Krzysztof Kaliszewski[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Michał Pomorski[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Marcin Protasiewicz[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Janusz Sokołowski[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Katarzyna Madziarska[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ewa Anita Jankowska[SUP] 9 12 [/SUP]



Affiliations
Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a substantial public health problem. The present study evaluated the association between vitamin D concentration and hospitalization and mortality risk in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).
Methods: This study used the COronavirus in LOwer Silesia (COLOS) dataset collected between February 2020 and June 2021. The medical records of 474 patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and whose vitamin D concentration was measured, were analyzed.
Results: We determined a significant difference in vitamin D concentration between discharged patients and those who died during hospitalization (p = 0.0096). We also found an effect of vitamin D concentration on the risk of death in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. As vitamin D concentration increased, the odds ratio (OR) for death slightly decreased (OR = 0.978; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.540-0.669). The vitamin D concentration cutoff point was 15.40 ng/ml. In addition, patients with COVID-19 and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations < 30 ng/ml had a lower survival rate than those with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml (log-rank test p = 0.0018). Moreover, a Cox regression model showed that patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m[SUP]2[/SUP] and higher vitamin D concentrations had a 2.8% reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio HR = 0.972; CI = 0.95-0,99; p = 0.0097).
Conclusions: The results indicate an association between 25(OH)D levels in patients with COVID-19 and the final course of hospitalization and risk of death.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; mortality; public health; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency.

 
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