tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 May 15:15:1372193.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372193. eCollection 2024. Immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough cases in vaccinated children and adolescents
Daniela Rivera-Pérez[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Constanza Méndez[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Benjamín Diethelm-Varela[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Felipe Melo-González[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Yaneisi Vázquez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xing Meng[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Qianqian Xin[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rodrigo A Fasce[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jorge Fernández[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Judith Mora[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Eugenio Ramirez[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Mónica L Acevedo[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Fernando Valiente-Echeverría[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Ricardo Soto-Rifo[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Alba Grifoni[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Daniela Weiskopf[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Alessandro Sette[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Patricio Astudillo[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Nicole Le Corre[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Katia Abarca[SUP] 1 9 [/SUP], Cecilia Perret[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Pablo A González[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jorge A Soto[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Susan M Bueno[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alexis M Kalergis[SUP] 1 2 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been somewhat limited due to the widespread dissemination of the Omicron variant, its subvariants, and the immune response dynamics of the naturally infected with the virus.
Methods: Twelve subjects between 3-17 years old (yo), vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac[SUP]®[/SUP], were followed and diagnosed as breakthrough cases starting 14 days after receiving the second dose. Total IgGs against different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the neutralizing capacity of these antibodies after infection were measured in plasma. The activation of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with peptides derived from the proteins from the wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron subvariants by flow cytometry, as well as different cytokines secretion by a Multiplex assay.
Results: 2 to 8 weeks post-infection, compared to 4 weeks after 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] dose of vaccine, there was a 146.5-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron and a 38.7-fold increase against WT SARS-CoV-2. Subjects showed an increase in total IgG levels against the S1, N, M, and NSP8 proteins of the WT virus. Activated CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells showed a significant increase in response to the BA.2 subvariant (p<0.001). Finally, the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokines showed a discreet decrease trend after infection in some subjects.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population vaccinated with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced an increase in neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and increased specific IgG antibodies for different SARS-CoV-2 proteins. CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell activation was also increased, suggesting a conserved cellular response against the Omicron subvariants, whereas Th1-type cytokine secretion tended to decrease.
Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04992260.
Keywords: CoronaVac®; SARS-CoV-2; breakthrough cases; inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; omicron variant; pediatric; phase 3 clinical trial.
. 2024 May 15:15:1372193.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372193. eCollection 2024. Immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough cases in vaccinated children and adolescents
Daniela Rivera-Pérez[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Constanza Méndez[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Benjamín Diethelm-Varela[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Felipe Melo-González[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Yaneisi Vázquez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xing Meng[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Qianqian Xin[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Rodrigo A Fasce[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Jorge Fernández[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Judith Mora[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Eugenio Ramirez[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Mónica L Acevedo[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Fernando Valiente-Echeverría[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Ricardo Soto-Rifo[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Alba Grifoni[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Daniela Weiskopf[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Alessandro Sette[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Patricio Astudillo[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Nicole Le Corre[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Katia Abarca[SUP] 1 9 [/SUP], Cecilia Perret[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Pablo A González[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jorge A Soto[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Susan M Bueno[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Alexis M Kalergis[SUP] 1 2 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38812507
- PMCID: PMC11133585
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372193
Background: Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been somewhat limited due to the widespread dissemination of the Omicron variant, its subvariants, and the immune response dynamics of the naturally infected with the virus.
Methods: Twelve subjects between 3-17 years old (yo), vaccinated with two doses of CoronaVac[SUP]®[/SUP], were followed and diagnosed as breakthrough cases starting 14 days after receiving the second dose. Total IgGs against different SARS-CoV-2 proteins and the neutralizing capacity of these antibodies after infection were measured in plasma. The activation of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with peptides derived from the proteins from the wild-type (WT) virus and Omicron subvariants by flow cytometry, as well as different cytokines secretion by a Multiplex assay.
Results: 2 to 8 weeks post-infection, compared to 4 weeks after 2[SUP]nd[/SUP] dose of vaccine, there was a 146.5-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers against Omicron and a 38.7-fold increase against WT SARS-CoV-2. Subjects showed an increase in total IgG levels against the S1, N, M, and NSP8 proteins of the WT virus. Activated CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells showed a significant increase in response to the BA.2 subvariant (p<0.001). Finally, the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ cytokines showed a discreet decrease trend after infection in some subjects.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population vaccinated with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine produced an increase in neutralizing antibodies against Omicron and increased specific IgG antibodies for different SARS-CoV-2 proteins. CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell activation was also increased, suggesting a conserved cellular response against the Omicron subvariants, whereas Th1-type cytokine secretion tended to decrease.
Clinical trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04992260.
Keywords: CoronaVac®; SARS-CoV-2; breakthrough cases; inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; omicron variant; pediatric; phase 3 clinical trial.