tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2025 Feb 17:16:1530736.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1530736. eCollection 2025. Intradermal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 RBD3-Fc mRNA vaccines via a needle-free injection system induces robust immune responses in rats
Cenrong Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xin Tang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chenghan Jiang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yu Zhang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Bo Han[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yi Sun[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jianfeng Guo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Hanyu Peng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zihan Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yipeng Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jialu Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yong Zhang[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Chunlai Jiang[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Introduction: Needle-free injection system (NFIS) is easy to operate and can decrease needle phobia. Besides, NFIS can increase the interaction of antigens in a more dispersed manner with immune cell at local injection site, which may improve the immune responses of mRNA vaccines. Although SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have great success, universal vaccines are urgently needed. Delivering universal mRNA vaccines by NFIS is preferred to combat COVID-19.
Methods: RBD3-Fc mRNA expressing BA.4, Delta, and prototype RBD, and human IgG Fc with YTE mutation was designed and synthesized. The safety and immune responses of universal RBD3-Fc naked mRNA and mRNA-LNP vaccines delivered intradermally using NFIS (named GV-01) and intramuscularly via needles were evaluated and compared in rats.
Results: The prime-boost regimen administered by two routes resulted in potent immune responses and intradermal delivery displays comparable or better performance in terms of binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Naked mRNA vaccines were functional, but less effective than mRNA-LNP vaccines.
Discussion: The above results suggest that RBD3-Fc vaccines are safe and immunogenic and NFIS can be used as an alternative to needles/syringes for the inoculation of mRNA-LNP vaccines to elicit robust systematic immune responses.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; inoculation routes; intradermal injection; mRNA vaccines; needle-free injection system.
. 2025 Feb 17:16:1530736.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1530736. eCollection 2025. Intradermal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 RBD3-Fc mRNA vaccines via a needle-free injection system induces robust immune responses in rats
Cenrong Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Xin Tang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chenghan Jiang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yu Zhang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Bo Han[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yi Sun[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jianfeng Guo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Hanyu Peng[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Zihan Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yipeng Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jialu Zhang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yong Zhang[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Chunlai Jiang[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40034698
- PMCID: PMC11872709
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1530736
Introduction: Needle-free injection system (NFIS) is easy to operate and can decrease needle phobia. Besides, NFIS can increase the interaction of antigens in a more dispersed manner with immune cell at local injection site, which may improve the immune responses of mRNA vaccines. Although SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have great success, universal vaccines are urgently needed. Delivering universal mRNA vaccines by NFIS is preferred to combat COVID-19.
Methods: RBD3-Fc mRNA expressing BA.4, Delta, and prototype RBD, and human IgG Fc with YTE mutation was designed and synthesized. The safety and immune responses of universal RBD3-Fc naked mRNA and mRNA-LNP vaccines delivered intradermally using NFIS (named GV-01) and intramuscularly via needles were evaluated and compared in rats.
Results: The prime-boost regimen administered by two routes resulted in potent immune responses and intradermal delivery displays comparable or better performance in terms of binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses. Naked mRNA vaccines were functional, but less effective than mRNA-LNP vaccines.
Discussion: The above results suggest that RBD3-Fc vaccines are safe and immunogenic and NFIS can be used as an alternative to needles/syringes for the inoculation of mRNA-LNP vaccines to elicit robust systematic immune responses.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; inoculation routes; intradermal injection; mRNA vaccines; needle-free injection system.