tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2023 May 29;14:1158905.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158905. eCollection 2023. Machine learning analysis of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults
Ricards Marcinkevics[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pamuditha N Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Anna-Katharina Hankele[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Charlyn Dörnte[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sarah Kadelka[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Katharina Csik[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Svenja Godbersen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Algera Goga[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lynn Hasenöhrl[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Pascale Hirschi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hasan Kabakci[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mary P LaPierre[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Johanna Mayrhofer[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alexandra C Title[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Xuan Shu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nouell Baiioud[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sandra Bernal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Laura Dassisti[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mara D Saenz-de-Juano[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meret Schmidhauser[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Giulia Silvestrelli[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Simon Z Ulbrich[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Thea J Ulbrich[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tamara Wyss[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Daniel J Stekhoven[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Faisal S Al-Quaddoomi[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Shuqing Yu[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mascha Binder[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Christoph Schultheiβ[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Claudia Zindel[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Christoph Kolling[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Jörg Goldhahn[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Bahram Kasmapour Seighalani[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Polina Zjablovskaja[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Frank Hardung[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marc Schuster[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Anne Richter[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yi-Ju Huang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Gereon Lauer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Herrad Baurmann[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jun Siong Low[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Daniela Vaqueirinho[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Sandra Jovic[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Luca Piccoli[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Sandra Ciesek[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Julia E Vogt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Federica Sallusto[SUP] 9 12 [/SUP], Markus Stoffel[SUP] 2 13 [/SUP], Susanne E Ulbrich[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces B and T cell responses, contributing to virus neutralization. In a cohort of 2,911 young adults, we identified 65 individuals who had an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized their humoral and T cell responses to the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N) and Membrane (M) proteins. We found that previous infection induced CD4 T cells that vigorously responded to pools of peptides derived from the S and N proteins. By using statistical and machine learning models, we observed that the T cell response highly correlated with a compound titer of antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), S and N. However, while serum antibodies decayed over time, the cellular phenotype of these individuals remained stable over four months. Our computational analysis demonstrates that in young adults, asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections can induce robust and long-lasting CD4 T cell responses that exhibit slower decays than antibody titers. These observations imply that next-generation COVID-19 vaccines should be designed to induce stronger cellular responses to sustain the generation of potent neutralizing antibodies.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; T cell response; antibody titers; machine learning; neutralizing antibodies.
. 2023 May 29;14:1158905.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158905. eCollection 2023. Machine learning analysis of humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults
Ricards Marcinkevics[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pamuditha N Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Anna-Katharina Hankele[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Charlyn Dörnte[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sarah Kadelka[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Katharina Csik[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Svenja Godbersen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Algera Goga[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Lynn Hasenöhrl[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Pascale Hirschi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hasan Kabakci[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mary P LaPierre[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Johanna Mayrhofer[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alexandra C Title[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Xuan Shu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nouell Baiioud[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sandra Bernal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Laura Dassisti[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mara D Saenz-de-Juano[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Meret Schmidhauser[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Giulia Silvestrelli[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Simon Z Ulbrich[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Thea J Ulbrich[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tamara Wyss[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Daniel J Stekhoven[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Faisal S Al-Quaddoomi[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Shuqing Yu[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Mascha Binder[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Christoph Schultheiβ[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Claudia Zindel[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Christoph Kolling[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Jörg Goldhahn[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Bahram Kasmapour Seighalani[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Polina Zjablovskaja[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Frank Hardung[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marc Schuster[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Anne Richter[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yi-Ju Huang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Gereon Lauer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Herrad Baurmann[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Jun Siong Low[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Daniela Vaqueirinho[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Sandra Jovic[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Luca Piccoli[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Sandra Ciesek[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Julia E Vogt[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Federica Sallusto[SUP] 9 12 [/SUP], Markus Stoffel[SUP] 2 13 [/SUP], Susanne E Ulbrich[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37313411
- PMCID: PMC10258347
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158905
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces B and T cell responses, contributing to virus neutralization. In a cohort of 2,911 young adults, we identified 65 individuals who had an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized their humoral and T cell responses to the Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N) and Membrane (M) proteins. We found that previous infection induced CD4 T cells that vigorously responded to pools of peptides derived from the S and N proteins. By using statistical and machine learning models, we observed that the T cell response highly correlated with a compound titer of antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), S and N. However, while serum antibodies decayed over time, the cellular phenotype of these individuals remained stable over four months. Our computational analysis demonstrates that in young adults, asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections can induce robust and long-lasting CD4 T cell responses that exhibit slower decays than antibody titers. These observations imply that next-generation COVID-19 vaccines should be designed to induce stronger cellular responses to sustain the generation of potent neutralizing antibodies.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; T cell response; antibody titers; machine learning; neutralizing antibodies.