tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 Mar 20:15:1353353.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353353. eCollection 2024. Neutralizing antibody and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses following BA.4/5 bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination in adults with and without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2
Alexander P Underwood[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Christina Sølund[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kivin Jacobsen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alekxander Binderup[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carlota Fernandez-Antunez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lotte S Mikkelsen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Dilek Inekci[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Signe Lysemose Villadsen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jose A S Castruita[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mette Pinholt[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ulrik Fahnøe[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Santseharay Ramirez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Liselotte Brix[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Nina Weis[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 5 [/SUP], Jens Bukh[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
As severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to emerge, it is important to characterize immune responses against variants which can inform on protection efficacies following booster vaccination. In this study, neutralizing breadth and antigen-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses were analyzed in both infection-naïve and infection-experienced individuals following administration of a booster bivalent Wuhan-Hu-1+BA.4/5 Comirnaty[SUP]®[/SUP] mRNA vaccine. Significantly higher neutralizing titers were found after this vaccination compared to the pre-third booster vaccination time point. Further, neutralizing breadth to omicron variants, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1 and XBB.1, was found to be boosted following bivalent vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were identified, but with no evidence that frequencies were increased following booster vaccinations. Spike protein-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were the only responses detected after vaccination and non-spike-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were only detected after infection. Both spike-specific and non-spike-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were found at much lower frequencies than CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells specific to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and influenza (Flu). Taken together, these results show that the bivalent Wuhan-Hu-1+BA.4/5 Comirnaty[SUP]®[/SUP] mRNA vaccine boosted the breadth of neutralization to newer SARS-CoV-2 variants and that vaccination is able to induce spike protein-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses, which are maintained longitudinally.
Keywords: CD8 T cells; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; neutralization; vaccination.
. 2024 Mar 20:15:1353353.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353353. eCollection 2024. Neutralizing antibody and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses following BA.4/5 bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccination in adults with and without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2
Alexander P Underwood[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Christina Sølund[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Kivin Jacobsen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alekxander Binderup[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carlota Fernandez-Antunez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lotte S Mikkelsen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Dilek Inekci[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Signe Lysemose Villadsen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jose A S Castruita[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Mette Pinholt[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ulrik Fahnøe[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Santseharay Ramirez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Liselotte Brix[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 3 [/SUP], Nina Weis[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 5 [/SUP], Jens Bukh[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38571939
- PMCID: PMC10987722
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353353
As severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to emerge, it is important to characterize immune responses against variants which can inform on protection efficacies following booster vaccination. In this study, neutralizing breadth and antigen-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses were analyzed in both infection-naïve and infection-experienced individuals following administration of a booster bivalent Wuhan-Hu-1+BA.4/5 Comirnaty[SUP]®[/SUP] mRNA vaccine. Significantly higher neutralizing titers were found after this vaccination compared to the pre-third booster vaccination time point. Further, neutralizing breadth to omicron variants, including BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1 and XBB.1, was found to be boosted following bivalent vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were identified, but with no evidence that frequencies were increased following booster vaccinations. Spike protein-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were the only responses detected after vaccination and non-spike-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were only detected after infection. Both spike-specific and non-spike-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells were found at much lower frequencies than CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cells specific to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and influenza (Flu). Taken together, these results show that the bivalent Wuhan-Hu-1+BA.4/5 Comirnaty[SUP]®[/SUP] mRNA vaccine boosted the breadth of neutralization to newer SARS-CoV-2 variants and that vaccination is able to induce spike protein-specific CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses, which are maintained longitudinally.
Keywords: CD8 T cells; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; neutralization; vaccination.