tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
. 2023 Dec;17(12):e13234.
doi: 10.1111/irv.13234. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population of Nepal during the first and second generalized waves of the COVID-19 pandemic-2020-2021
Krishna Prasad Paudel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Reuben Samuel[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Runa Jha[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Basu Dev Pandey[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Chathura Edirisuriya[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nebin Lal Shrestha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Pradip Gyawali[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Amrit Pokhrel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lilee Shrestha[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ram Kumar Mahato[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaikh Shah Hossain[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Govindakarnavar Arunkumar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Anindya Sekhar Bose[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Meghnath Dhimal[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Dipendra Gautam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Subash Neupane[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nishant Thakur[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Saugat Shrestha[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nirajan Bhusal[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Priya Jha[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Binod Prasad Gupta[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rajan Bikram Rayamajhi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Koshal Chandra Subedi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shashi Kandel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mukesh Poudel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lila Bikram Thapa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guna Nidhi Sharma[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Allison Eugenio Gocotano[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Avinash K Sunny[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rabin Gautam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Deepak Raj Bhatta[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Bal Krishna Awale[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Bhola Roka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hemant Chandra Ojha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Phanindra Baral[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mahendra Dhose Adhikari[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guna Raj Lohani[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Mahendra Shrestha[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Dipendra Raman Singh[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Laxman Aryal[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Rajesh Sambhajirao Pandav[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Roshan Pokhrel[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Few seroprevalence studies have been conducted on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Nepal. Here, we aimed to estimate seroprevalence and assess risk factors for infection in the general population of Nepal by conducting two rounds of sampling. The first round was in October 2020, at the peak of the first generalized wave of COVID-19, and the second round in July-August 2021, following the peak of the wave caused by the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. We used cross-sectional probability-to-size (PPS)-based multistage cluster sampling to estimate the seroprevalence in the general population of Nepal at the national and provincial levels. We tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody using the WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. In Round 1, the overall national seroprevalence was 14.4%, with provincial estimates ranging from 5.3% in Sudurpaschim to 27.3% in Madhesh Province. In Round 2, the estimated national seroprevalence was 70.7%, with the highest in the Madhesh Province (84.8%) and the lowest in the Gandaki Province (62.9%). Seroprevalence was comparable between males and females (Round 1, 15.8% vs. 12.2% and Round 2, 72.3% vs. 68.7%). The seroprevalence in the ecozones-Terai, hills, and mountains-was 76.3%, 65.3%, and 60.5% in Round 2 and 17.7%, 11.7%, and 4.6% in Round 1, respectively. In Nepal, COVID-19 vaccination was introduced in January 2021. At the peak of the first generalized wave of COVID-19, most of the population of Nepal remained unexposed to SARS-CoV-2. Towards the end of the second generalized wave in April 2021, two thirds of the population was exposed.
Keywords: COVID-19; Nepal; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; seroprevalence.
. 2023 Dec;17(12):e13234.
doi: 10.1111/irv.13234. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population of Nepal during the first and second generalized waves of the COVID-19 pandemic-2020-2021
Krishna Prasad Paudel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Reuben Samuel[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Runa Jha[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Basu Dev Pandey[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Chathura Edirisuriya[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nebin Lal Shrestha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Pradip Gyawali[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Amrit Pokhrel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lilee Shrestha[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ram Kumar Mahato[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaikh Shah Hossain[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Govindakarnavar Arunkumar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Anindya Sekhar Bose[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Meghnath Dhimal[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Dipendra Gautam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Subash Neupane[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nishant Thakur[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Saugat Shrestha[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nirajan Bhusal[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Priya Jha[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Binod Prasad Gupta[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rajan Bikram Rayamajhi[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Koshal Chandra Subedi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shashi Kandel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mukesh Poudel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lila Bikram Thapa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guna Nidhi Sharma[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Allison Eugenio Gocotano[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Avinash K Sunny[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rabin Gautam[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Deepak Raj Bhatta[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Bal Krishna Awale[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Bhola Roka[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hemant Chandra Ojha[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Phanindra Baral[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mahendra Dhose Adhikari[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Guna Raj Lohani[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Mahendra Shrestha[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Dipendra Raman Singh[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Laxman Aryal[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Rajesh Sambhajirao Pandav[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Roshan Pokhrel[SUP] 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38149926
- DOI: 10.1111/irv.13234
Few seroprevalence studies have been conducted on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Nepal. Here, we aimed to estimate seroprevalence and assess risk factors for infection in the general population of Nepal by conducting two rounds of sampling. The first round was in October 2020, at the peak of the first generalized wave of COVID-19, and the second round in July-August 2021, following the peak of the wave caused by the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. We used cross-sectional probability-to-size (PPS)-based multistage cluster sampling to estimate the seroprevalence in the general population of Nepal at the national and provincial levels. We tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 total antibody using the WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. In Round 1, the overall national seroprevalence was 14.4%, with provincial estimates ranging from 5.3% in Sudurpaschim to 27.3% in Madhesh Province. In Round 2, the estimated national seroprevalence was 70.7%, with the highest in the Madhesh Province (84.8%) and the lowest in the Gandaki Province (62.9%). Seroprevalence was comparable between males and females (Round 1, 15.8% vs. 12.2% and Round 2, 72.3% vs. 68.7%). The seroprevalence in the ecozones-Terai, hills, and mountains-was 76.3%, 65.3%, and 60.5% in Round 2 and 17.7%, 11.7%, and 4.6% in Round 1, respectively. In Nepal, COVID-19 vaccination was introduced in January 2021. At the peak of the first generalized wave of COVID-19, most of the population of Nepal remained unexposed to SARS-CoV-2. Towards the end of the second generalized wave in April 2021, two thirds of the population was exposed.
Keywords: COVID-19; Nepal; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; seroprevalence.