tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Infect Dis
. 2023 Feb 7;S1201-9712(23)00044-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.042. Online ahead of print.
"Immunological evaluation of unvaccinated young patients with Turner Syndrome after COVID-19"
Mateus V de Castro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Monize V R Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Luana de M Oliveira[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sarah C Gozzi-Silva[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michel S Naslavsky[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Marilia O Scliar[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Monize L Magalhães[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Katia M da Rocha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kelly Nunes[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Erick C Castelli[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jhosiene Y Magawa[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Keity S Santos[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Edecio Cunha-Neto[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Maria N Sato[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Mayana Zatz[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Objective: The X chromosome contains the largest number of immune-related genes which play a major role in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptomatology and susceptibility. Here, we had a unique opportunity to investigate, for the first time, COVID-19 outcomes in six unvaccinated Brazilian young patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) (45, X0), including one case of critical illness in a 10-year-old child, aiming to evaluate their immune response according to their genetic profile.
Methods: Serological analysis of humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2; phenotypic characterization of antiviral responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimuli, and the production of cytotoxic cytokines of T lymphocytes and NK cells, were performed in blood samples collected from the TS patients during the convalescence period. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was also performed.
Results: Our TS volunteers showed a delayed or insufficient humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 (particularly IgG) and a decrease in IFN-γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes after stimulation with TLR7/TLR8 agonists. In contrast, we observed a higher cytotoxic activity in the TS volunteers compared to the non-TS volunteers after PMA/ionomycin stimulation, particularly granzyme B and perforin by CD8+ and NK cells. Interestingly, two TS volunteers carry rare genetic variants in genes that regulate type I and III IFN immunity.
Conclusion: Following previous reports in the literature for other conditions, our data showed that TS patients may have an impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, other medical conditions associated with TS could make them more vulnerable to COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Turner Syndrome; X chromosome.
. 2023 Feb 7;S1201-9712(23)00044-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.042. Online ahead of print.
"Immunological evaluation of unvaccinated young patients with Turner Syndrome after COVID-19"
Mateus V de Castro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Monize V R Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Luana de M Oliveira[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sarah C Gozzi-Silva[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michel S Naslavsky[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Marilia O Scliar[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Monize L Magalhães[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Katia M da Rocha[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kelly Nunes[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Erick C Castelli[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jhosiene Y Magawa[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Keity S Santos[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Edecio Cunha-Neto[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Maria N Sato[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Mayana Zatz[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36758851
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.01.042
Abstract
Objective: The X chromosome contains the largest number of immune-related genes which play a major role in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptomatology and susceptibility. Here, we had a unique opportunity to investigate, for the first time, COVID-19 outcomes in six unvaccinated Brazilian young patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) (45, X0), including one case of critical illness in a 10-year-old child, aiming to evaluate their immune response according to their genetic profile.
Methods: Serological analysis of humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2; phenotypic characterization of antiviral responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells after stimuli, and the production of cytotoxic cytokines of T lymphocytes and NK cells, were performed in blood samples collected from the TS patients during the convalescence period. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was also performed.
Results: Our TS volunteers showed a delayed or insufficient humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 (particularly IgG) and a decrease in IFN-γ production by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes after stimulation with TLR7/TLR8 agonists. In contrast, we observed a higher cytotoxic activity in the TS volunteers compared to the non-TS volunteers after PMA/ionomycin stimulation, particularly granzyme B and perforin by CD8+ and NK cells. Interestingly, two TS volunteers carry rare genetic variants in genes that regulate type I and III IFN immunity.
Conclusion: Following previous reports in the literature for other conditions, our data showed that TS patients may have an impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, other medical conditions associated with TS could make them more vulnerable to COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Turner Syndrome; X chromosome.