tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Immunol
. 2021 Nov 24;ji2100742.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100742. Online ahead of print.
ORAI1 Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Regulating Tonic Type I IFN Signaling
Beibei Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arunachalam Ramaiah[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Gustavo Garcia Jr[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Spyridon Hasiakos[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami[SUP] 6 7 8 [/SUP], Sonal Srikanth[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
ORAI1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are the critical mediators of store-operated Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] entry by acting as the pore subunit and an endoplasmic reticulum-resident signaling molecule, respectively. In addition to Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] signaling, STIM1 is also involved in regulation of the type I IFN (IFN-I) response. To examine their potential role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we generated ORAI1 and STIM1 knockout human HEK293-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cells and checked their responses. STIM1 knockout cells showed strong resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a result of enhanced IFN-I response. On the contrary, ORAI1 deletion induced high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, ORAI1 knockout cells showed reduced homeostatic cytoplasmic Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] concentration and severe impairment in tonic IFN-I signaling. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of multiple antiviral signaling pathways in ORAI1 knockout cells, likely because of reduced expression of the Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP]-dependent transcription factors of the AP-1 family and MEF2C Accordingly, modulation of homeostatic Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] concentration by pretreatment with ORAI1 blocker or agonist could influence baseline IFNB expression and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human lung epithelial cell line. Our results identify a novel role of ORAI1-mediated Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] signaling in regulating the tonic IFN-I levels, which determine host resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
. 2021 Nov 24;ji2100742.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100742. Online ahead of print.
ORAI1 Limits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Regulating Tonic Type I IFN Signaling
Beibei Wu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Arunachalam Ramaiah[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Gustavo Garcia Jr[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Spyridon Hasiakos[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami[SUP] 6 7 8 [/SUP], Sonal Srikanth[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34819389
- DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100742
Abstract
ORAI1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) are the critical mediators of store-operated Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] entry by acting as the pore subunit and an endoplasmic reticulum-resident signaling molecule, respectively. In addition to Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] signaling, STIM1 is also involved in regulation of the type I IFN (IFN-I) response. To examine their potential role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we generated ORAI1 and STIM1 knockout human HEK293-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cells and checked their responses. STIM1 knockout cells showed strong resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection as a result of enhanced IFN-I response. On the contrary, ORAI1 deletion induced high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, ORAI1 knockout cells showed reduced homeostatic cytoplasmic Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] concentration and severe impairment in tonic IFN-I signaling. Transcriptome analysis showed downregulation of multiple antiviral signaling pathways in ORAI1 knockout cells, likely because of reduced expression of the Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP]-dependent transcription factors of the AP-1 family and MEF2C Accordingly, modulation of homeostatic Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] concentration by pretreatment with ORAI1 blocker or agonist could influence baseline IFNB expression and resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection in a human lung epithelial cell line. Our results identify a novel role of ORAI1-mediated Ca[SUP]2+[/SUP] signaling in regulating the tonic IFN-I levels, which determine host resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection.