tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Infect Dis
. 2025 Jul 2:jiaf297.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf297. Online ahead of print. Influenza-Specific T-Cell Responses to Vaccination Are Independent of Underlying Hematological Malignancy: Analysis of a Randomized Influenza Vaccination Trial
Victoria G Hall[SUP] 1 2 3 4 [/SUP], Thi H O Nguyen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Olivia C Smibert[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP], Lilith F Allen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sheena G Sullivan[SUP] 6 7 8 [/SUP], Annette Fox[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Louise Carolan[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Adam K Wheatley[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stephen J Kent[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Brad Gilbertson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chhay Lim[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ian G Barr[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Heidi Peck[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Paula Fuge-Larsen[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Emily Klimevski[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Surekha Tennakoon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Natalie R Saunders[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Trish Joyce[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Ashley Whitechurch[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Amit Khot[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Mary Ann Anderson[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Jason A Trubiano[SUP] 5 7 [/SUP], Leon J Worth[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Michelle K Yong[SUP] 1 2 10 [/SUP], Monica A Slavin[SUP] 1 2 10 [/SUP], Katherine Kedzierska[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Benjamin W Teh[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: There are few in-depth immunogenicity analyses of novel influenza vaccination strategies in high-risk patients with hematological malignancy (HM).
Methods: Participants receiving treatment for active HM (multiple myeloma [MM], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], or non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]) in a randomized controlled trial of 2 doses of adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) versus 2 doses of standard-dose QIV during 2022 were included. Hemagglutination (HA) inhibition assay and HA probe-specific B-cells were compared at baseline and 1, 2, and 6 months after the first vaccine dose (visits 1-4). A subset underwent ex vivo live virus infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at visits 1 and 3 with A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 to assess interferon (IFN) γ-producing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, CD161+TRAV1-2+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT)-like T cells and γδ T cells.
Results: In total, 62 patients with HM were analyzed (32 in the adjuvanted-dose and 30 in the standard-dose group), 13 (21.0%) with CLL, 24 (38.7%) MM, and 25 (40.3%) with NHL. Participants with MM had higher geometric mean antibody titers (P < .001) and influenza-specific B-cell responses for H1, H3, and B/Victoria at visits 2 and 3 than those with CLL or NHL (P < .05). The total CD19+ B-cell and HA probe-specific B-cell counts were found to significantly predict seroconversion at visits 2 and 3. Overall, with vaccination, there was an increase in the percentage frequency of B/Victoria influenza-specific B-cells (P = .01), IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells (P = .01) for A/H1N1 and IFN-γ-producing MAIT-like cells (P = .003) for A/H3N2.
Conclusions: Influenza strain-specific cellular responses were detectable following vaccination despite expected B-cell depletion in patients receiving active treatment for HM.
Clinical trials registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000454774.
Keywords: adaptive immunity; immunocompromise; influenza virus; innate immunity; vaccination.
. 2025 Jul 2:jiaf297.
doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf297. Online ahead of print. Influenza-Specific T-Cell Responses to Vaccination Are Independent of Underlying Hematological Malignancy: Analysis of a Randomized Influenza Vaccination Trial
Victoria G Hall[SUP] 1 2 3 4 [/SUP], Thi H O Nguyen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Olivia C Smibert[SUP] 1 2 5 [/SUP], Lilith F Allen[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sheena G Sullivan[SUP] 6 7 8 [/SUP], Annette Fox[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Louise Carolan[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Adam K Wheatley[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stephen J Kent[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Brad Gilbertson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chhay Lim[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ian G Barr[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Heidi Peck[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Paula Fuge-Larsen[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Emily Klimevski[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Surekha Tennakoon[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Natalie R Saunders[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Trish Joyce[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Ashley Whitechurch[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Amit Khot[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Mary Ann Anderson[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Jason A Trubiano[SUP] 5 7 [/SUP], Leon J Worth[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Michelle K Yong[SUP] 1 2 10 [/SUP], Monica A Slavin[SUP] 1 2 10 [/SUP], Katherine Kedzierska[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Benjamin W Teh[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40600710
- DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaf297
Background: There are few in-depth immunogenicity analyses of novel influenza vaccination strategies in high-risk patients with hematological malignancy (HM).
Methods: Participants receiving treatment for active HM (multiple myeloma [MM], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], or non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]) in a randomized controlled trial of 2 doses of adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) versus 2 doses of standard-dose QIV during 2022 were included. Hemagglutination (HA) inhibition assay and HA probe-specific B-cells were compared at baseline and 1, 2, and 6 months after the first vaccine dose (visits 1-4). A subset underwent ex vivo live virus infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at visits 1 and 3 with A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 to assess interferon (IFN) γ-producing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, CD161+TRAV1-2+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT)-like T cells and γδ T cells.
Results: In total, 62 patients with HM were analyzed (32 in the adjuvanted-dose and 30 in the standard-dose group), 13 (21.0%) with CLL, 24 (38.7%) MM, and 25 (40.3%) with NHL. Participants with MM had higher geometric mean antibody titers (P < .001) and influenza-specific B-cell responses for H1, H3, and B/Victoria at visits 2 and 3 than those with CLL or NHL (P < .05). The total CD19+ B-cell and HA probe-specific B-cell counts were found to significantly predict seroconversion at visits 2 and 3. Overall, with vaccination, there was an increase in the percentage frequency of B/Victoria influenza-specific B-cells (P = .01), IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells (P = .01) for A/H1N1 and IFN-γ-producing MAIT-like cells (P = .003) for A/H3N2.
Conclusions: Influenza strain-specific cellular responses were detectable following vaccination despite expected B-cell depletion in patients receiving active treatment for HM.
Clinical trials registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000454774.
Keywords: adaptive immunity; immunocompromise; influenza virus; innate immunity; vaccination.