tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Inflamm Res
. 2021 Nov 24;14:6191-6221.
doi: 10.2147/JIR.S332705. eCollection 2021.
SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases
Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ali S Alzahrani[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is asymptomatic in most cases, but it is impartible and fatal in fragile and elderly people. Heretofore, more than four million people succumbed to COVID-19, while it spreads to every part of the globe. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces various dysfunctions in many vital organs including the thyroid by utilizing ACE2 as a receptor for cellular entry. Emerging reports clearly show the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in diverse thyroid disorders. Thus, this review article aims to review comprehensively all the recent developments in SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis of thyroid diseases. The review briefly summarizes the recent key findings on the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the role of ACE2 receptor in viral entry, SARS-CoV-2-activated molecular signaling in host cells, ACE2 expression in the thyroid, cytokine storm, and its vital role in thyroid dysfunction and long-COVID in relation to thyroid and autoimmunity. Further, it extensively discusses rapidly evolving knowledge on the potential part of SARS-CoV-2 in emerging various thyroid dysfunctions during and post-COVID-19 conditions which include subacute thyroiditis, Graves' diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and other recent advances in further discerning the implications of this virus within thyroid dysfunction. Unraveling the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2-triggered thyroid dysfunctions may aid pertinent therapeutic options and management of these patients in both during and post-COVID-19 scenarios.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; Graves’ disease; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis; IL6; SARS-CoV-2; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; inflammation; p38/MAPK; subacute thyroiditis; thyroid; thyroid cancer; thyrotoxicosis.
. 2021 Nov 24;14:6191-6221.
doi: 10.2147/JIR.S332705. eCollection 2021.
SARS-CoV-2: Emerging Role in the Pathogenesis of Various Thyroid Diseases
Avaniyapuram Kannan Murugan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ali S Alzahrani[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34853527
- PMCID: PMC8628126
- DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S332705
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is asymptomatic in most cases, but it is impartible and fatal in fragile and elderly people. Heretofore, more than four million people succumbed to COVID-19, while it spreads to every part of the globe. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces various dysfunctions in many vital organs including the thyroid by utilizing ACE2 as a receptor for cellular entry. Emerging reports clearly show the involvement of SARS-CoV-2 in diverse thyroid disorders. Thus, this review article aims to review comprehensively all the recent developments in SARS-CoV-2-induced pathogenesis of thyroid diseases. The review briefly summarizes the recent key findings on the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the role of ACE2 receptor in viral entry, SARS-CoV-2-activated molecular signaling in host cells, ACE2 expression in the thyroid, cytokine storm, and its vital role in thyroid dysfunction and long-COVID in relation to thyroid and autoimmunity. Further, it extensively discusses rapidly evolving knowledge on the potential part of SARS-CoV-2 in emerging various thyroid dysfunctions during and post-COVID-19 conditions which include subacute thyroiditis, Graves' diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and other recent advances in further discerning the implications of this virus within thyroid dysfunction. Unraveling the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2-triggered thyroid dysfunctions may aid pertinent therapeutic options and management of these patients in both during and post-COVID-19 scenarios.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; Graves’ disease; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis; IL6; SARS-CoV-2; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; inflammation; p38/MAPK; subacute thyroiditis; thyroid; thyroid cancer; thyrotoxicosis.