tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Med Virol
. 2023 Aug;95(8):e28998.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.28998. Inactivated vaccine fueled adaptive immune responses to Omicron in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents
Maoshun Liu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jie Zhang[SUP] 3 4 5 [/SUP], Lei Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jinmin Tian[SUP] 2 6 [/SUP], Mengjie Yang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bingli Shang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xin Wang[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Min Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hongmei Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Can Yue[SUP] 2 8 [/SUP], Sijia Yao[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ying Lin[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Yuanyuan Guo[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Kexin Zong[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Danni Zhang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yingze Zhao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Kun Cai[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shaobo Dong[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Shengping Xu[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Jianbo Zhan[SUP] 9 [/SUP], George F Gao[SUP] 1 2 6 8 11 12 [/SUP], William J Liu[SUP] 1 2 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Over 3 years, humans have experienced multiple rounds of global transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. In addition, the widely used vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 involve multiple strategies of development and inoculation. Thus, the acquired immunity established among humans is complicated, and there is a lack of understanding within a panoramic vision. Here, we provided the special characteristics of the cellular and humoral responses in 2-year convalescents after inactivated vaccines, in parallel to vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons and unvaccinated controls. The decreasing trends of the IgG, IgA, and NAb, but not IgM of the convalescents were reversed by the vaccination. Both cellular and humoral immunity in convalescents after vaccination were higher than the vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons. Notably, inoculation with inactivated vaccine fueled the NAb to BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in 2-year convalescents, much higher than the NAb during 6 months and 1 year after symptoms onset. And no obvious T cell escaping to the S protein was observed in 2-year convalescents after inoculation. The study provides insight into the complicated features of human acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and variants in the real world, indicating that promoting vaccine inoculation is essential for achieving herd immunity against emerging variants, especially in convalescents.
Keywords: Omicron; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; antibody; convalescents; inactivated vaccine.
. 2023 Aug;95(8):e28998.
doi: 10.1002/jmv.28998. Inactivated vaccine fueled adaptive immune responses to Omicron in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents
Maoshun Liu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jie Zhang[SUP] 3 4 5 [/SUP], Lei Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jinmin Tian[SUP] 2 6 [/SUP], Mengjie Yang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bingli Shang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Xin Wang[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Min Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hongmei Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Can Yue[SUP] 2 8 [/SUP], Sijia Yao[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ying Lin[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Yuanyuan Guo[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Kexin Zong[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Danni Zhang[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Yingze Zhao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Kun Cai[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Shaobo Dong[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Shengping Xu[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Jianbo Zhan[SUP] 9 [/SUP], George F Gao[SUP] 1 2 6 8 11 12 [/SUP], William J Liu[SUP] 1 2 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37548149
- DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28998
Over 3 years, humans have experienced multiple rounds of global transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. In addition, the widely used vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 involve multiple strategies of development and inoculation. Thus, the acquired immunity established among humans is complicated, and there is a lack of understanding within a panoramic vision. Here, we provided the special characteristics of the cellular and humoral responses in 2-year convalescents after inactivated vaccines, in parallel to vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons and unvaccinated controls. The decreasing trends of the IgG, IgA, and NAb, but not IgM of the convalescents were reversed by the vaccination. Both cellular and humoral immunity in convalescents after vaccination were higher than the vaccinated COVID-19 naïve persons. Notably, inoculation with inactivated vaccine fueled the NAb to BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 in 2-year convalescents, much higher than the NAb during 6 months and 1 year after symptoms onset. And no obvious T cell escaping to the S protein was observed in 2-year convalescents after inoculation. The study provides insight into the complicated features of human acquired immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and variants in the real world, indicating that promoting vaccine inoculation is essential for achieving herd immunity against emerging variants, especially in convalescents.
Keywords: Omicron; SARS-CoV-2; T cell; antibody; convalescents; inactivated vaccine.