tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Microbiol Immunol Infect
. 2021 May 12;S1684-1182(21)00096-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.04.006. Online ahead of print.
Immunological map in COVID-19
Chung-Hsiang Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ming-Hong Lin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chang-Hung Kuo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yu-Chih Lin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Yi-Ching Lin[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Chih-Hsing Hung[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Chao-Hung Kuo[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus that exhibits many similarities with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively). The definite pathogenesis and immunological influences of SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we constructed a brief summary comparison of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections regarding their immunological changes. In addition, we further investigated the immunological differences between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 cases, and we searched for possible immunological predictors of the patient outcome by reviewing case series studies to date. Possible immunological predictors of a poor outcome are leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia (both CD4 and CD8 T cells), an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), regulatory T cell cytokines (IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17). A more precise immunological map needs to be established, which may assist in diagnosing this disease and facilitate immunological precision medicine treatment.
Keywords: COVID-19; Immune; Pandemic; Pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2021 May 12;S1684-1182(21)00096-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.04.006. Online ahead of print.
Immunological map in COVID-19
Chung-Hsiang Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hsin-Ying Clair Chiou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ming-Hong Lin[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Chang-Hung Kuo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Yu-Chih Lin[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Yi-Ching Lin[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Chih-Hsing Hung[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Chao-Hung Kuo[SUP] 8 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34023234
- DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.04.006
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a newly discovered coronavirus that exhibits many similarities with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively). The definite pathogenesis and immunological influences of SARS-CoV-2 have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we constructed a brief summary comparison of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections regarding their immunological changes. In addition, we further investigated the immunological differences between severe and nonsevere COVID-19 cases, and we searched for possible immunological predictors of the patient outcome by reviewing case series studies to date. Possible immunological predictors of a poor outcome are leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia (both CD4 and CD8 T cells), an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), regulatory T cell cytokines (IL-10) and Th17 cytokines (IL-17). A more precise immunological map needs to be established, which may assist in diagnosing this disease and facilitate immunological precision medicine treatment.
Keywords: COVID-19; Immune; Pandemic; Pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2.