tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol
. 2025 Mar 27:e0220924.
doi: 10.1128/jvi.02209-24. Online ahead of print. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook
Florian Krammer[SUP] 1 2 3 4 [/SUP], Enikö Hermann[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Angela L Rasmussen[SUP] 5 6 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.
Keywords: H5N1; avian viruses; evolution; influenza vaccines; influenza virus; pandemic risk; reassortment; viral pathogenesis; virus-host interactions; zoonotic infections.
. 2025 Mar 27:e0220924.
doi: 10.1128/jvi.02209-24. Online ahead of print. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook
Florian Krammer[SUP] 1 2 3 4 [/SUP], Enikö Hermann[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Angela L Rasmussen[SUP] 5 6 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 40145745
- DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02209-24
The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.
Keywords: H5N1; avian viruses; evolution; influenza vaccines; influenza virus; pandemic risk; reassortment; viral pathogenesis; virus-host interactions; zoonotic infections.