tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Commun
. 2024 Jun 13;15(1):5025.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49117-z. Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses
Valerie Le Sage[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Nicole C Rockey[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Andrea J French[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ryan McBride[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kevin R McCarthy[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lora H Rigatti[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Meredith J Shephard[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jennifer E Jones[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sydney G Walter[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joshua D Doyle[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Lingqing Xu[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Dominique J Barbeau[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Shengyang Wang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sheila A Frizzell[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Michael M Myerburg[SUP] 8 [/SUP], James C Paulson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Anita K McElroy[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Tavis K Anderson[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Amy L Vincent Baker[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Seema S Lakdawala[SUP] 10 11 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Influenza A viruses in swine have considerable genetic diversity and continue to pose a pandemic threat to humans due to a potential lack of population level immunity. Here we describe a pipeline to characterize and triage influenza viruses for their pandemic risk and examine the pandemic potential of two widespread swine origin viruses. Our analysis reveals that a panel of human sera collected from healthy adults in 2020 has no cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against a α-H1 clade strain (α-swH1N2) but do against a γ-H1 clade strain. The α-swH1N2 virus replicates efficiently in human airway cultures and exhibits phenotypic signatures similar to the human H1N1 pandemic strain from 2009 (H1N1pdm09). Furthermore, α-swH1N2 is capable of efficient airborne transmission to both naïve ferrets and ferrets with prior seasonal influenza immunity. Ferrets with H1N1pdm09 pre-existing immunity show reduced α-swH1N2 viral shedding and less severe disease signs. Despite this, H1N1pdm09-immune ferrets that became infected via the air can still onward transmit α-swH1N2 with an efficiency of 50%. These results indicate that this α-swH1N2 strain has a higher pandemic potential, but a moderate level of impact since there is reduced replication fitness and pathology in animals with prior immunity.
. 2024 Jun 13;15(1):5025.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49117-z. Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses
Valerie Le Sage[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Nicole C Rockey[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Andrea J French[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ryan McBride[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kevin R McCarthy[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lora H Rigatti[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Meredith J Shephard[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Jennifer E Jones[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sydney G Walter[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Joshua D Doyle[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Lingqing Xu[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Dominique J Barbeau[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Shengyang Wang[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Sheila A Frizzell[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Michael M Myerburg[SUP] 8 [/SUP], James C Paulson[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Anita K McElroy[SUP] 2 7 [/SUP], Tavis K Anderson[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Amy L Vincent Baker[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Seema S Lakdawala[SUP] 10 11 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38871701
- DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49117-z
Influenza A viruses in swine have considerable genetic diversity and continue to pose a pandemic threat to humans due to a potential lack of population level immunity. Here we describe a pipeline to characterize and triage influenza viruses for their pandemic risk and examine the pandemic potential of two widespread swine origin viruses. Our analysis reveals that a panel of human sera collected from healthy adults in 2020 has no cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies against a α-H1 clade strain (α-swH1N2) but do against a γ-H1 clade strain. The α-swH1N2 virus replicates efficiently in human airway cultures and exhibits phenotypic signatures similar to the human H1N1 pandemic strain from 2009 (H1N1pdm09). Furthermore, α-swH1N2 is capable of efficient airborne transmission to both naïve ferrets and ferrets with prior seasonal influenza immunity. Ferrets with H1N1pdm09 pre-existing immunity show reduced α-swH1N2 viral shedding and less severe disease signs. Despite this, H1N1pdm09-immune ferrets that became infected via the air can still onward transmit α-swH1N2 with an efficiency of 50%. These results indicate that this α-swH1N2 strain has a higher pandemic potential, but a moderate level of impact since there is reduced replication fitness and pathology in animals with prior immunity.