tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Nat Immunol
. 2025 Dec 12.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02353-x. Online ahead of print. Long COVID involves activation of proinflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways
Malika Aid[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Valentin Boero-Teyssier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katherine McMahan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rammy Dong[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Michael Doyle[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nazim Belabbaci[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Erica Borducchi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ai-Ris Y Collier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Janet Mullington[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dan H Barouch[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Long COVID (LC) involves a spectrum of chronic symptoms after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Current hypotheses for the pathogenesis of LC include persistent virus, tissue damage, autoimmunity, endocrine insufficiency, immune dysfunction and complement activation. We performed immunological, virological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses from a cohort of 142 individuals between 2020 and 2021, including uninfected controls (n = 35), acutely infected individuals (n = 54), convalescent controls (n = 24) and patients with LC (n = 28). The LC group was characterized by persistent immune activation and proinflammatory responses for more than 180 days after initial infection compared with convalescent controls, including upregulation of JAK-STAT, interleukin-6, complement, metabolism and T cell exhaustion pathways. Similar findings were observed in a second cohort enrolled between 2023 and 2024, including convalescent controls (n = 20) and patients with LC (n = 18). These data suggest that LC is characterized by persistent activation of chronic inflammatory pathways, suggesting new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers of disease.
. 2025 Dec 12.
doi: 10.1038/s41590-025-02353-x. Online ahead of print. Long COVID involves activation of proinflammatory and immune exhaustion pathways
Malika Aid[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Valentin Boero-Teyssier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Katherine McMahan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rammy Dong[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Michael Doyle[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nazim Belabbaci[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Erica Borducchi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ai-Ris Y Collier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Janet Mullington[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Dan H Barouch[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41388153
- DOI: 10.1038/s41590-025-02353-x
Long COVID (LC) involves a spectrum of chronic symptoms after acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Current hypotheses for the pathogenesis of LC include persistent virus, tissue damage, autoimmunity, endocrine insufficiency, immune dysfunction and complement activation. We performed immunological, virological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses from a cohort of 142 individuals between 2020 and 2021, including uninfected controls (n = 35), acutely infected individuals (n = 54), convalescent controls (n = 24) and patients with LC (n = 28). The LC group was characterized by persistent immune activation and proinflammatory responses for more than 180 days after initial infection compared with convalescent controls, including upregulation of JAK-STAT, interleukin-6, complement, metabolism and T cell exhaustion pathways. Similar findings were observed in a second cohort enrolled between 2023 and 2024, including convalescent controls (n = 20) and patients with LC (n = 18). These data suggest that LC is characterized by persistent activation of chronic inflammatory pathways, suggesting new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers of disease.