tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Ocul Immunol Inflamm
. 2022 Apr 8;1-7.
doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2054432. Online ahead of print.
COVID-19-related Conjunctivitis Review: Clinical Features and Management
William Binotti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Pedram Hamrah[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Purpose: The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted theworld. In this review article, we discuss the conjunctival and nasolacrimal mucosa as a potential route for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, its ocular manifestations, and management.
Methods: Literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE databases using keywords such as "coronavirus", COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "conjunctivitis", "ocular surface", "eye" and "ophthalmology".
Results: The ocular surface may serve as an entry point and reservoir for the virus. Frequency of hand-eye contact was an independent risk factor for COVID-19-related conjunctivitis. Therefore, appropriate protective eyewear or face shields are recommended, especially for health-care workers. Bilateral conjunctival sampling within 9 days of symptom onset provides a higher positive yield rate. Pooled analysis shows an incidence of 11.4% (95%CI = 6.4-17.2%) of ocular manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.
Conclusion: Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular manifestation, of which ocular redness or congestion, ocular pain, and follicular conjunctivitis were the most common presentation.COVID-19-related conjunctivitis has a self-limiting disease course, and treatment should be mainly supportive.
Keywords: COVID-19; Conjunctivitis; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; eye and ophthalmology; keratitis; ocular surface infection.
. 2022 Apr 8;1-7.
doi: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2054432. Online ahead of print.
COVID-19-related Conjunctivitis Review: Clinical Features and Management
William Binotti[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Pedram Hamrah[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35394858
- DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2054432
Abstract
Purpose: The ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly impacted theworld. In this review article, we discuss the conjunctival and nasolacrimal mucosa as a potential route for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, its ocular manifestations, and management.
Methods: Literature review was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar and EMBASE databases using keywords such as "coronavirus", COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "conjunctivitis", "ocular surface", "eye" and "ophthalmology".
Results: The ocular surface may serve as an entry point and reservoir for the virus. Frequency of hand-eye contact was an independent risk factor for COVID-19-related conjunctivitis. Therefore, appropriate protective eyewear or face shields are recommended, especially for health-care workers. Bilateral conjunctival sampling within 9 days of symptom onset provides a higher positive yield rate. Pooled analysis shows an incidence of 11.4% (95%CI = 6.4-17.2%) of ocular manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients.
Conclusion: Conjunctivitis was the most common ocular manifestation, of which ocular redness or congestion, ocular pain, and follicular conjunctivitis were the most common presentation.COVID-19-related conjunctivitis has a self-limiting disease course, and treatment should be mainly supportive.
Keywords: COVID-19; Conjunctivitis; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; eye and ophthalmology; keratitis; ocular surface infection.