tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Pathogens
. 2022 Oct 29;11(11):1256.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111256.
Neuro-Immune Interactions in Severe COVID-19 Infection
Elena Rossi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luciano Mutti[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Andrea Morrione[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Antonio Giordano[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has affected the world since 2019. Interstitial pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation, but additional symptoms have been reported, including neurological manifestations. Severe forms of infection, especially in elderly patients, present as an excessive inflammatory response called "cytokine storm", which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and clinical outcomes or the characteristics of virus-host interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight possible links between neurological involvement and respiratory damage mediated by pathological inflammatory pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will focus on neuro-immune interactions and age-related immunity decline and discuss some pathological mechanisms that contribute to negative outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we will describe available therapeutic strategies and their effects on COVID-19 neurological symptoms.
Keywords: aging; inflammatory responses; lymphopenia; neurologic symptoms; neuro–immune interactions; renin-angiotensin system; severe COVID-19.
. 2022 Oct 29;11(11):1256.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens11111256.
Neuro-Immune Interactions in Severe COVID-19 Infection
Elena Rossi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Luciano Mutti[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Andrea Morrione[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Antonio Giordano[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 36365007
- DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111256
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has affected the world since 2019. Interstitial pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation, but additional symptoms have been reported, including neurological manifestations. Severe forms of infection, especially in elderly patients, present as an excessive inflammatory response called "cytokine storm", which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and clinical outcomes or the characteristics of virus-host interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight possible links between neurological involvement and respiratory damage mediated by pathological inflammatory pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will focus on neuro-immune interactions and age-related immunity decline and discuss some pathological mechanisms that contribute to negative outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we will describe available therapeutic strategies and their effects on COVID-19 neurological symptoms.
Keywords: aging; inflammatory responses; lymphopenia; neurologic symptoms; neuro–immune interactions; renin-angiotensin system; severe COVID-19.