tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Science 21 November 2014:
Vol. 346 no. 6212 pp. 996-1000
DOI: 10.1126/science.1256427
Report
Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination
J. M. Fonville1,2,3,*,
S. H. Wilks1,2,*,
S. L. James1,2,
A. Fox4,
M. Ventresca1,?,
M. Aban5,
L. Xue5,
T. C. Jones1,2,
Le N. M. H.4,
Pham Q. T.6,
Tran N. D.6,
Y. Wong7,
A. Mosterin1,2,
L. C. Katzelnick1,2,
D. Labonte8,
Le T. T.6,
G. van der Net3,
E. Skepner1,2,
C. A. Russell2,9,
T. D. Kaplan10,
G. F. Rimmelzwaan3,
N. Masurel3,?,
J. C. de Jong3,
A. Palache11,
W. E. P. Beyer3,
Le Q. M.6,
Nguyen T. H.6,
H. F. L. Wertheim4,12,
A. C. Hurt5,13,
A. D. M. E. Osterhaus3,
I. G. Barr5,
R. A. M. Fouchier3,
P. W. Horby4,12,
D. J. Smith1,2,3,?
1Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
2World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
3Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, Netherlands.
4Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.
5WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
6National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
7Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.
8Insect Biomechanics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
9Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
10bobblewire.com, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA.
11Abbott Laboratories, Weesp 1380 DA, Netherlands.
12Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
13Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
↵?Corresponding author. E-mail: dsmith{at}zoo.cam.ac.uk
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
↵? Present address: School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
↵? Deceased.
Abstract
We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.
Hills and valleys of influenza infection
Each one of us may encounter several different strains of the ever-changing influenza virus during a lifetime. Scientists can now summarize such histories of infection over a lifetime of exposure. Fonville et al. visualize the interplay between protective responses and the evasive influenza virus by a technique called antibody landscape modeling (see the Perspective by Lessler). Landscapes reveal how exposure to new strains of the virus boost immune responses and indicate possibilities for optimizing future vaccination programs.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6212/996
Vol. 346 no. 6212 pp. 996-1000
DOI: 10.1126/science.1256427
Report
Antibody landscapes after influenza virus infection or vaccination
J. M. Fonville1,2,3,*,
S. H. Wilks1,2,*,
S. L. James1,2,
A. Fox4,
M. Ventresca1,?,
M. Aban5,
L. Xue5,
T. C. Jones1,2,
Le N. M. H.4,
Pham Q. T.6,
Tran N. D.6,
Y. Wong7,
A. Mosterin1,2,
L. C. Katzelnick1,2,
D. Labonte8,
Le T. T.6,
G. van der Net3,
E. Skepner1,2,
C. A. Russell2,9,
T. D. Kaplan10,
G. F. Rimmelzwaan3,
N. Masurel3,?,
J. C. de Jong3,
A. Palache11,
W. E. P. Beyer3,
Le Q. M.6,
Nguyen T. H.6,
H. F. L. Wertheim4,12,
A. C. Hurt5,13,
A. D. M. E. Osterhaus3,
I. G. Barr5,
R. A. M. Fouchier3,
P. W. Horby4,12,
D. J. Smith1,2,3,?
1Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
2World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Modeling, Evolution, and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
3Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CE, Netherlands.
4Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam.
5WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia.
6National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
7Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK.
8Insect Biomechanics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
9Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
10bobblewire.com, Saint Louis, MO 63112, USA.
11Abbott Laboratories, Weesp 1380 DA, Netherlands.
12Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
13Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia.
↵?Corresponding author. E-mail: dsmith{at}zoo.cam.ac.uk
↵* These authors contributed equally to this work.
↵? Present address: School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
↵? Deceased.
Abstract
We introduce the antibody landscape, a method for the quantitative analysis of antibody-mediated immunity to antigenically variable pathogens, achieved by accounting for antigenic variation among pathogen strains. We generated antibody landscapes to study immune profiles covering 43 years of influenza A/H3N2 virus evolution for 69 individuals monitored for infection over 6 years and for 225 individuals pre- and postvaccination. Upon infection and vaccination, titers increased broadly, including previously encountered viruses far beyond the extent of cross-reactivity observed after a primary infection. We explored implications for vaccination and found that the use of an antigenically advanced virus had the dual benefit of inducing antibodies against both advanced and previous antigenic clusters. These results indicate that preemptive vaccine updates may improve influenza vaccine efficacy in previously exposed individuals.
Hills and valleys of influenza infection
Each one of us may encounter several different strains of the ever-changing influenza virus during a lifetime. Scientists can now summarize such histories of infection over a lifetime of exposure. Fonville et al. visualize the interplay between protective responses and the evasive influenza virus by a technique called antibody landscape modeling (see the Perspective by Lessler). Landscapes reveal how exposure to new strains of the virus boost immune responses and indicate possibilities for optimizing future vaccination programs.
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6212/996