tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Citation: Gonz?lez-Candelas F, Astray J, Alonso J, Castro A, Cant?n R, et al. (2012) Sociodemographic Factors and Clinical Conditions Associated to Hospitalization in Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infected Patients in Spain, 2009?2010. PLoS ONE 7(3): e33139. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033139
Fernando Gonz?lez-Candelas1,2*, Jenaro Astray3, Jordi Alonso2,4,5, Ady Castro6, Rafael Cant?n2,7, Juan Carlos Gal?n2,7, Olatz Garin5,2, Marc S?ez2,8, Nuria Soldevila2, Maretva Baricot2, Jes?s Castilla2,9, Pere Godoy2,10, Miguel Delgado-Rodr?guez2,11, Vicente Mart?n2,12, Jos? Mar?a Mayoral13, Tom?s Pumarola14, Jos? Mar?a Quintana2,15, Sonia Tamames16, Angela Dom?nguez2,17, and the CIBERESP Cases and Controls in Pandemic Influenza Working Group?
1 Unidad Mixta Gen?mica y Salud CSISP-Universitat de Val?ncia, Valencia, Spain, 2 CIBER Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica, Madrid, Spain, 3 Subdirecci?n de Vigilancia, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 4 Departament de Ci?ncies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, 5 Unitat de Recerca en Serveis Sanitaris, Institut Municipal d'Investigaci? M?dica-Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, 6 CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain, 7 Servicio de Microbiolog?a, Hospital Universitario Ram?n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, 8 Departament d'Economia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain, 9 Instituto de Salud P?blica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, 10 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 11 Divisi?n de Medicina Preventiva y Salud P?blica, Universidad de Ja?n, Ja?n, Spain, 12 Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de Le?n, Le?n, Spain, 13 Servicio de Vigilancia de Andaluc?a, Sevilla, Spain, 14 Red Espa?ola de Investigaci?n en Patolog?as Infecciosas (REIPI), Madrid, Spain, 15 Fundaci?n Vasca de Innovaci?n e Investigaci?n Sanitarias, Sondika, Spain, 16 Direcci?n General de Salud P?blica, Desarrollo e Innovaci?n, Junta de Castilla y Le?n, Valladolid, Spain, 17 Departament de Salut P?blica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Abstract Top
The emergence and pandemic spread of a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 resulted in a serious alarm in clinical and public health services all over the world. One distinguishing feature of this new influenza pandemic was the different profile of hospitalized patients compared to those from traditional seasonal influenza infections. Our goal was to analyze sociodemographic and clinical factors associated to hospitalization following infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus. We report the results of a Spanish nationwide study with laboratory confirmed infection by the new pandemic virus in a case-control design based on hospitalized patients. The main risk factors for hospitalization of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were determined to be obesity (BMI≥40, with an odds-ratio [OR] 14.27), hematological neoplasia (OR 10.71), chronic heart disease, COPD (OR 5.16) and neurological disease, among the clinical conditions, whereas low education level and some ethnic backgrounds (Gypsies and Amerinds) were the sociodemographic variables found associated to hospitalization. The presence of any clinical condition of moderate risk almost triples the risk of hospitalization (OR 2.88) and high risk conditions raise this value markedly (OR 6.43). The risk of hospitalization increased proportionally when for two (OR 2.08) or for three or more (OR 4.86) risk factors were simultaneously present in the same patient. These findings should be considered when a new influenza virus appears in the human population.
http://www.plosone.org/article/info...osone/PLoSONE+(PLoS+ONE+Alerts:+New+Articles)
Fernando Gonz?lez-Candelas1,2*, Jenaro Astray3, Jordi Alonso2,4,5, Ady Castro6, Rafael Cant?n2,7, Juan Carlos Gal?n2,7, Olatz Garin5,2, Marc S?ez2,8, Nuria Soldevila2, Maretva Baricot2, Jes?s Castilla2,9, Pere Godoy2,10, Miguel Delgado-Rodr?guez2,11, Vicente Mart?n2,12, Jos? Mar?a Mayoral13, Tom?s Pumarola14, Jos? Mar?a Quintana2,15, Sonia Tamames16, Angela Dom?nguez2,17, and the CIBERESP Cases and Controls in Pandemic Influenza Working Group?
1 Unidad Mixta Gen?mica y Salud CSISP-Universitat de Val?ncia, Valencia, Spain, 2 CIBER Epidemiolog?a y Salud P?blica, Madrid, Spain, 3 Subdirecci?n de Vigilancia, Comunidad de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 4 Departament de Ci?ncies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, 5 Unitat de Recerca en Serveis Sanitaris, Institut Municipal d'Investigaci? M?dica-Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, 6 CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain, 7 Servicio de Microbiolog?a, Hospital Universitario Ram?n y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, 8 Departament d'Economia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain, 9 Instituto de Salud P?blica de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, 10 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, 11 Divisi?n de Medicina Preventiva y Salud P?blica, Universidad de Ja?n, Ja?n, Spain, 12 Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad de Le?n, Le?n, Spain, 13 Servicio de Vigilancia de Andaluc?a, Sevilla, Spain, 14 Red Espa?ola de Investigaci?n en Patolog?as Infecciosas (REIPI), Madrid, Spain, 15 Fundaci?n Vasca de Innovaci?n e Investigaci?n Sanitarias, Sondika, Spain, 16 Direcci?n General de Salud P?blica, Desarrollo e Innovaci?n, Junta de Castilla y Le?n, Valladolid, Spain, 17 Departament de Salut P?blica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Abstract Top
The emergence and pandemic spread of a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 resulted in a serious alarm in clinical and public health services all over the world. One distinguishing feature of this new influenza pandemic was the different profile of hospitalized patients compared to those from traditional seasonal influenza infections. Our goal was to analyze sociodemographic and clinical factors associated to hospitalization following infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus. We report the results of a Spanish nationwide study with laboratory confirmed infection by the new pandemic virus in a case-control design based on hospitalized patients. The main risk factors for hospitalization of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were determined to be obesity (BMI≥40, with an odds-ratio [OR] 14.27), hematological neoplasia (OR 10.71), chronic heart disease, COPD (OR 5.16) and neurological disease, among the clinical conditions, whereas low education level and some ethnic backgrounds (Gypsies and Amerinds) were the sociodemographic variables found associated to hospitalization. The presence of any clinical condition of moderate risk almost triples the risk of hospitalization (OR 2.88) and high risk conditions raise this value markedly (OR 6.43). The risk of hospitalization increased proportionally when for two (OR 2.08) or for three or more (OR 4.86) risk factors were simultaneously present in the same patient. These findings should be considered when a new influenza virus appears in the human population.
http://www.plosone.org/article/info...osone/PLoSONE+(PLoS+ONE+Alerts:+New+Articles)