tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
World J Gastroenterol
. 2021 Aug 14;27(30):5047-5059.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.5047.
Gastrointestinal mucosal immunity and COVID-19
Tsvetelina Velikova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Violeta Snegarova[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alexander Kukov[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hristiana Batselova[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Antoaneta Mihova[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Radislav Nakov[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
As the gastrointestinal tract may also be a crucial entry or interaction site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the role of the gut mucosal immune system as a first-line physical and immunological defense is critical. Furthermore, gastrointestinal involvement and symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been linked to worse clinical outcomes. This review discusses recent data on the interactions between the virus and the immune cells and molecules in the mucosa during the infection. By carrying out appropriate investigations, the mucosal immune system role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in therapy and prevention can be established. In line with this, COVID-19 vaccines that stimulate mucosal immunity against the virus may have more advantages than the others.
Keywords: COVID-19; Gut microbiota; Gut mucosa; Mucosa; Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; SARS-CoV-2; Secretory immunoglobulin A.
. 2021 Aug 14;27(30):5047-5059.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.5047.
Gastrointestinal mucosal immunity and COVID-19
Tsvetelina Velikova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Violeta Snegarova[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alexander Kukov[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Hristiana Batselova[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Antoaneta Mihova[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Radislav Nakov[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34497434
- PMCID: PMC8384742
- DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i30.5047
Abstract
As the gastrointestinal tract may also be a crucial entry or interaction site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the role of the gut mucosal immune system as a first-line physical and immunological defense is critical. Furthermore, gastrointestinal involvement and symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been linked to worse clinical outcomes. This review discusses recent data on the interactions between the virus and the immune cells and molecules in the mucosa during the infection. By carrying out appropriate investigations, the mucosal immune system role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in therapy and prevention can be established. In line with this, COVID-19 vaccines that stimulate mucosal immunity against the virus may have more advantages than the others.
Keywords: COVID-19; Gut microbiota; Gut mucosa; Mucosa; Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; SARS-CoV-2; Secretory immunoglobulin A.