tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 4. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix869. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]2015-2016 Vaccine Effectiveness of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children in the United States.[/h] Poehling KA[SUP]1[/SUP], Caspard H[SUP]2[/SUP], Peters TR[SUP]1[/SUP], Belongia EA[SUP]3[/SUP], Congeni B[SUP]4[/SUP], Gaglani M[SUP]5[/SUP], Griffin MR[SUP]6[/SUP], Irving SA[SUP]7[/SUP], Kavathekar PK[SUP]8[/SUP], McLean HQ[SUP]3[/SUP], Naleway AL[SUP]7[/SUP], Ryan K[SUP]9[/SUP], Talbot HK[SUP]6[/SUP], Ambrose CS[SUP]2[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]Background:[/h] In the 2015-2016 season, quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and both trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) were available in the United States.
[h=4]Methods:[/h] This study, conducted according to a test-negative case-control design, enrolled children aged 2-17 years presenting to outpatient settings with fever and respiratory symptoms for <5 days at 8 sites across the United States between November 30, 2015 and April 15, 2016. A nasal swab was obtained for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for influenza, and influenza vaccination was verified in the medical record or vaccine registry. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using a logistic regression model.
[h=4]Results:[/h] Of 1012 children retained for analysis, most children (59%) were unvaccinated, 10% received LAIV, and 31% received IIV. Influenza A (predominantly antigenically similar to the A/California/7/2009 strain) was detected in 14% and influenza B (predominantly a B/Victoria lineage) in 10%. For all influenza, VE was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-69%) for LAIV and 65% (95% CI, 48-76%) for IIV. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 50% (95% CI, -2% to 75%) for LAIV and 71% (95% CI, 51-82%) for IIV. The odds ratio for vaccine failure with RT-PCR-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 was 1.71 (95% CI, 0.78-3.73) in LAIV versus IIV recipients.
[h=4]Conclusions:[/h] LAIV and IIV demonstrated effectiveness against any influenza among children aged 2-17 years in 2015-2016. When compared to all unvaccinated children, VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was significant for IIV but not LAIV.
[h=4]ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:[/h] NCT01997450.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] children; influenza; influenza vaccine; vaccine effectiveness
PMID: 29029064 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix869
[h=1]2015-2016 Vaccine Effectiveness of Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Children in the United States.[/h] Poehling KA[SUP]1[/SUP], Caspard H[SUP]2[/SUP], Peters TR[SUP]1[/SUP], Belongia EA[SUP]3[/SUP], Congeni B[SUP]4[/SUP], Gaglani M[SUP]5[/SUP], Griffin MR[SUP]6[/SUP], Irving SA[SUP]7[/SUP], Kavathekar PK[SUP]8[/SUP], McLean HQ[SUP]3[/SUP], Naleway AL[SUP]7[/SUP], Ryan K[SUP]9[/SUP], Talbot HK[SUP]6[/SUP], Ambrose CS[SUP]2[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]Background:[/h] In the 2015-2016 season, quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and both trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) were available in the United States.
[h=4]Methods:[/h] This study, conducted according to a test-negative case-control design, enrolled children aged 2-17 years presenting to outpatient settings with fever and respiratory symptoms for <5 days at 8 sites across the United States between November 30, 2015 and April 15, 2016. A nasal swab was obtained for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for influenza, and influenza vaccination was verified in the medical record or vaccine registry. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using a logistic regression model.
[h=4]Results:[/h] Of 1012 children retained for analysis, most children (59%) were unvaccinated, 10% received LAIV, and 31% received IIV. Influenza A (predominantly antigenically similar to the A/California/7/2009 strain) was detected in 14% and influenza B (predominantly a B/Victoria lineage) in 10%. For all influenza, VE was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-69%) for LAIV and 65% (95% CI, 48-76%) for IIV. VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 50% (95% CI, -2% to 75%) for LAIV and 71% (95% CI, 51-82%) for IIV. The odds ratio for vaccine failure with RT-PCR-confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 was 1.71 (95% CI, 0.78-3.73) in LAIV versus IIV recipients.
[h=4]Conclusions:[/h] LAIV and IIV demonstrated effectiveness against any influenza among children aged 2-17 years in 2015-2016. When compared to all unvaccinated children, VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was significant for IIV but not LAIV.
[h=4]ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:[/h] NCT01997450.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] children; influenza; influenza vaccine; vaccine effectiveness
PMID: 29029064 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix869