tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
2d Mater
. 2022 Jul;9(3):035016.
doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/ac7339. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
Cícero C Pola[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sonal V Rangnekar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Robert Sheets[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Beata M Szydlowska[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Julia R Downing[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Kshama W Parate[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shay G Wallace[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Daphne Tsai[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mark C Hersam[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Carmen L Gomes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jonathan C Claussen[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home tests are key tools in addition to vaccines in the world-wide fight to eliminate national and local shutdowns. However, currently available tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are too expensive, painful, and irritating, or not sufficiently sensitive for routine, accurate home testing. Herein, we employ custom-formulated graphene inks and aerosol jet printing (AJP) to create a rapid electrochemical immunosensor for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in saliva samples acquired non-invasively. This sensor demonstrated limits of detection that are considerably lower than most commercial SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests (22.91 ± 4.72 pg/mL for Spike RBD and 110.38 ± 9.00 pg/mL for Spike S1) as well as fast response time (~30 mins), which was facilitated by the functionalization of printed graphene electrodes in a single-step with SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibody through the carbodiimide reaction without the need for nanoparticle functionalization or secondary antibody or metallic nanoparticle labels. This immunosensor presents a wide linear sensing range from 1 to 1000 ng/mL and does not react with other coexisting influenza viruses such as H1N1 hemagglutinin. By combining high-yield graphene ink synthesis, automated printing, high antigen selectivity, and rapid testing capability, this work offers a promising alternative to current SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests.
Keywords: COVID-19; aerosol jet printing; biosensor; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; graphene.
. 2022 Jul;9(3):035016.
doi: 10.1088/2053-1583/ac7339. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
Cícero C Pola[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sonal V Rangnekar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Robert Sheets[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Beata M Szydlowska[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Julia R Downing[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Kshama W Parate[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shay G Wallace[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Daphne Tsai[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mark C Hersam[SUP] 2 3 4 [/SUP], Carmen L Gomes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jonathan C Claussen[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35785019
- PMCID: PMC9245948 (available on 2023-07-01)
- DOI: 10.1088/2053-1583/ac7339
Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive, and easy-to-use coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home tests are key tools in addition to vaccines in the world-wide fight to eliminate national and local shutdowns. However, currently available tests for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, are too expensive, painful, and irritating, or not sufficiently sensitive for routine, accurate home testing. Herein, we employ custom-formulated graphene inks and aerosol jet printing (AJP) to create a rapid electrochemical immunosensor for direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) in saliva samples acquired non-invasively. This sensor demonstrated limits of detection that are considerably lower than most commercial SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests (22.91 ± 4.72 pg/mL for Spike RBD and 110.38 ± 9.00 pg/mL for Spike S1) as well as fast response time (~30 mins), which was facilitated by the functionalization of printed graphene electrodes in a single-step with SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibody through the carbodiimide reaction without the need for nanoparticle functionalization or secondary antibody or metallic nanoparticle labels. This immunosensor presents a wide linear sensing range from 1 to 1000 ng/mL and does not react with other coexisting influenza viruses such as H1N1 hemagglutinin. By combining high-yield graphene ink synthesis, automated printing, high antigen selectivity, and rapid testing capability, this work offers a promising alternative to current SARS-CoV-2 antigen tests.
Keywords: COVID-19; aerosol jet printing; biosensor; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; graphene.