tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Ageing Res Rev
. 2022 Jul 14;101687.
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101687. Online ahead of print.
SARS-CoV-2 and the Central Nervous System: Emerging Insights into Hemorrhage-Associated Neurological Consequences and Therapeutic Considerations
Joy Mitra[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Manohar Kodavati[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vincent E Provasek[SUP] 2 [/SUP], K S Rao[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sankar Mitra[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Dale J Hamilton[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Philip J Horner[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Farhaan S Vahidy[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gavin W Britz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Thomas A Kent[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Muralidhar L Hegde[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing widespread illness and death and poses a threat due to the possibility of emerging strains. SARS-CoV-2 targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) before entering vital organs of the body, including the brain. Studies have shown systemic inflammation, cellular senescence, and viral toxicity-mediated multi-organ failure occur during infectious periods. However, prognostic investigations suggest that both acute and long-term neurological complications, including predisposition to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases, can be a serious concern for COVID-19 survivors, especially the elderly population. As emerging studies reveal sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different parts of the brain, potential causes of chronic lesions including cerebral and deep-brain microbleeds and the likelihood of developing stroke-like pathologies increases, with critical long-term consequences, particularly for individuals with neuropathological and/or age-associated comorbid conditions. Our recent studies linking the blood degradation products to genome instability, leading to cellular senescence and ferroptosis, raise the possibility of similar neurovascular events as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we discuss the neuropathological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID survivors, focusing on possible hemorrhagic damage in brain cells, its association to aging, and the future directions in developing mechanism-guided therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: Brain Fog; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Ferroptosis; Genome instability; Hemorrhage; SARS-CoV-2; Senescence.
. 2022 Jul 14;101687.
doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101687. Online ahead of print.
SARS-CoV-2 and the Central Nervous System: Emerging Insights into Hemorrhage-Associated Neurological Consequences and Therapeutic Considerations
Joy Mitra[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Manohar Kodavati[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vincent E Provasek[SUP] 2 [/SUP], K S Rao[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Sankar Mitra[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Dale J Hamilton[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Philip J Horner[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Farhaan S Vahidy[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gavin W Britz[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Thomas A Kent[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Muralidhar L Hegde[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35843590
- DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101687
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to impact our lives by causing widespread illness and death and poses a threat due to the possibility of emerging strains. SARS-CoV-2 targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) before entering vital organs of the body, including the brain. Studies have shown systemic inflammation, cellular senescence, and viral toxicity-mediated multi-organ failure occur during infectious periods. However, prognostic investigations suggest that both acute and long-term neurological complications, including predisposition to irreversible neurodegenerative diseases, can be a serious concern for COVID-19 survivors, especially the elderly population. As emerging studies reveal sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different parts of the brain, potential causes of chronic lesions including cerebral and deep-brain microbleeds and the likelihood of developing stroke-like pathologies increases, with critical long-term consequences, particularly for individuals with neuropathological and/or age-associated comorbid conditions. Our recent studies linking the blood degradation products to genome instability, leading to cellular senescence and ferroptosis, raise the possibility of similar neurovascular events as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we discuss the neuropathological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID survivors, focusing on possible hemorrhagic damage in brain cells, its association to aging, and the future directions in developing mechanism-guided therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: Brain Fog; COVID-19; Coronavirus; Ferroptosis; Genome instability; Hemorrhage; SARS-CoV-2; Senescence.