tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Aging Dis
. 2024 Jul 21.
doi: 10.14336/AD.2024.0380. Online ahead of print. COVID-19 and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with High-Cardiovascular Risk: A Post Hoc Analysis
Sangeetha Shyam[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Carlos Gómez-Martínez[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Jiaqi Ni[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], José J Gaforio[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Miguel Ángel Martínez-González[SUP] 3 6 7 [/SUP], Dolores Corella[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], J Alfredo Martínez[SUP] 9 3 10 [/SUP], Ángel M Alonso-Gómez[SUP] 11 3 [/SUP], Julia Wärnberg[SUP] 12 3 [/SUP], Jesús Vioque[SUP] 13 4 [/SUP], Dora Romaguera[SUP] 14 3 [/SUP], José López-Miranda[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Ramon Estruch[SUP] 16 3 [/SUP], Francisco J Tinahones[SUP] 17 3 [/SUP], José Lapetra[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Lluís Serra-Majem[SUP] 19 3 [/SUP], Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas[SUP] 20 21 4 [/SUP], Josep A Tur[SUP] 14 22 3 [/SUP], Vicente Martín-Sánchez[SUP] 23 4 [/SUP], Xavier Pintó[SUP] 24 3 [/SUP], Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez[SUP] 9 25 [/SUP], Pilar Matía-Martín[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Josep Vidal[SUP] 26 27 [/SUP], Clotilde Vázquez[SUP] 28 3 [/SUP], Lidia Daimiel[SUP] 3 29 30 [/SUP], Emilio Ros[SUP] 31 [/SUP], Fernando Fernandez-Aranda[SUP] 3 32 [/SUP], Adrián Hernández-Cacho[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Pilar Buil-Cosiales[SUP] 3 33 6 [/SUP], Jose V Sorli[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Olga Castañer[SUP] 34 4 [/SUP], Antonio Garcia-Rios[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Alejandro Oncina-Canovas[SUP] 13 4 [/SUP], Napoleón Pérez-Farinós[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Mar Nafria[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Rosa Casas[SUP] 16 3 [/SUP], Silvia Martínez-Diz[SUP] 20 21 35 4 [/SUP], Lucas Tojal-Sierra[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Gómez-Pérez Am[SUP] 17 3 [/SUP], Estefania Toledo[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Rebeca Fernández-Carrión[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Álvaro Morán Bayón[SUP] 9 23 [/SUP], Jose David Torres-Peña[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Laura Compañ-Gabucio[SUP] 13 4 [/SUP], Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Nancy Babio[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Montserrat Fitó[SUP] 3 34 [/SUP], Jordi Salas-Salvadó[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Cognitive decline has been reported as a short-term sequela in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Whether COVID-19 is associated with late cognitive impairment in older free-living individuals with high cardiovascular risk, a group at greater risk of cognitive decline, is unknown. We determined this association of COVID-19 through a longitudinal evaluation of post-COVID-19 cognitive performance and impairment as post hoc analysis in 5,179 older adults (48% female) with mean (SD) age 68.5 (5.0) years, body mass index 31.7 (3.7) kg/m[SUP]2[/SUP], harboring ≥ 3 criteria for metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia etc.) enrolled in PREDIMED-Plus trial. Pre- and post-COVID-19 cognitive performance was ascertained from scheduled assessments conducted using a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 5 domains: Global Cognitive Function, General Cognitive Function, Execution Function, Verbal Fluency and Attention domains, which were standardized for the cohort. Cognitive impairment was defined as the bottom 10 percentile of the sample. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the association of COVID-19 with cognitive decline and impairment, respectively. After a mean 50-week follow-up, no significant associations were observed between COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 scores of all tapped neuropsychological domains, except Global Cognitive Function (GCF). When fully adjusted, COVID-19 was marginally associated with higher (better) post-pandemic GCF score (βadj (95% CI): 0.06 (0.00, 0.13) p=.05). However, the odds for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment in GCF domain were not associated with the disease (ORadj (95% CI): 0.90 (0.53, 1.51) p=.68). In the PREDIMED-Plus cohort, COVID-19 status and cognitive impairment determined 50 weeks post-infection showed no association in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. This suggests that cognitive changes observed shortly after COVID-19 revert over time. However, cautious interpretation is warranted as these data were obtained within the framework of a clinical trial encouraging a healthy lifestyle.
. 2024 Jul 21.
doi: 10.14336/AD.2024.0380. Online ahead of print. COVID-19 and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with High-Cardiovascular Risk: A Post Hoc Analysis
Sangeetha Shyam[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Carlos Gómez-Martínez[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Jiaqi Ni[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], José J Gaforio[SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Miguel Ángel Martínez-González[SUP] 3 6 7 [/SUP], Dolores Corella[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], J Alfredo Martínez[SUP] 9 3 10 [/SUP], Ángel M Alonso-Gómez[SUP] 11 3 [/SUP], Julia Wärnberg[SUP] 12 3 [/SUP], Jesús Vioque[SUP] 13 4 [/SUP], Dora Romaguera[SUP] 14 3 [/SUP], José López-Miranda[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Ramon Estruch[SUP] 16 3 [/SUP], Francisco J Tinahones[SUP] 17 3 [/SUP], José Lapetra[SUP] 18 3 [/SUP], Lluís Serra-Majem[SUP] 19 3 [/SUP], Aurora Bueno-Cavanillas[SUP] 20 21 4 [/SUP], Josep A Tur[SUP] 14 22 3 [/SUP], Vicente Martín-Sánchez[SUP] 23 4 [/SUP], Xavier Pintó[SUP] 24 3 [/SUP], Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez[SUP] 9 25 [/SUP], Pilar Matía-Martín[SUP] 25 [/SUP], Josep Vidal[SUP] 26 27 [/SUP], Clotilde Vázquez[SUP] 28 3 [/SUP], Lidia Daimiel[SUP] 3 29 30 [/SUP], Emilio Ros[SUP] 31 [/SUP], Fernando Fernandez-Aranda[SUP] 3 32 [/SUP], Adrián Hernández-Cacho[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Pilar Buil-Cosiales[SUP] 3 33 6 [/SUP], Jose V Sorli[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Olga Castañer[SUP] 34 4 [/SUP], Antonio Garcia-Rios[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Alejandro Oncina-Canovas[SUP] 13 4 [/SUP], Napoleón Pérez-Farinós[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Mar Nafria[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Rosa Casas[SUP] 16 3 [/SUP], Silvia Martínez-Diz[SUP] 20 21 35 4 [/SUP], Lucas Tojal-Sierra[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Gómez-Pérez Am[SUP] 17 3 [/SUP], Estefania Toledo[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Rebeca Fernández-Carrión[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Álvaro Morán Bayón[SUP] 9 23 [/SUP], Jose David Torres-Peña[SUP] 15 3 [/SUP], Laura Compañ-Gabucio[SUP] 13 4 [/SUP], Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz[SUP] 3 6 [/SUP], Nancy Babio[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Montserrat Fitó[SUP] 3 34 [/SUP], Jordi Salas-Salvadó[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39122449
- DOI: 10.14336/AD.2024.0380
Cognitive decline has been reported as a short-term sequela in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Whether COVID-19 is associated with late cognitive impairment in older free-living individuals with high cardiovascular risk, a group at greater risk of cognitive decline, is unknown. We determined this association of COVID-19 through a longitudinal evaluation of post-COVID-19 cognitive performance and impairment as post hoc analysis in 5,179 older adults (48% female) with mean (SD) age 68.5 (5.0) years, body mass index 31.7 (3.7) kg/m[SUP]2[/SUP], harboring ≥ 3 criteria for metabolic syndrome (e.g., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia etc.) enrolled in PREDIMED-Plus trial. Pre- and post-COVID-19 cognitive performance was ascertained from scheduled assessments conducted using a battery of neuropsychological tests, including 5 domains: Global Cognitive Function, General Cognitive Function, Execution Function, Verbal Fluency and Attention domains, which were standardized for the cohort. Cognitive impairment was defined as the bottom 10 percentile of the sample. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models assessed the association of COVID-19 with cognitive decline and impairment, respectively. After a mean 50-week follow-up, no significant associations were observed between COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 scores of all tapped neuropsychological domains, except Global Cognitive Function (GCF). When fully adjusted, COVID-19 was marginally associated with higher (better) post-pandemic GCF score (βadj (95% CI): 0.06 (0.00, 0.13) p=.05). However, the odds for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment in GCF domain were not associated with the disease (ORadj (95% CI): 0.90 (0.53, 1.51) p=.68). In the PREDIMED-Plus cohort, COVID-19 status and cognitive impairment determined 50 weeks post-infection showed no association in older adults at high cardiovascular risk. This suggests that cognitive changes observed shortly after COVID-19 revert over time. However, cautious interpretation is warranted as these data were obtained within the framework of a clinical trial encouraging a healthy lifestyle.