tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Ann Med Surg (Lond)
. 2021 Dec;72:103107.
doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103107. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Liver abscess with necrosis in post COVID-19: A case report
Aldrich Kurniawan Liemarto[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bernadus Parish Budiono[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Melissa Angela Chionardes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivona Oliviera[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anindita Rahmasiwi[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Recent evidences mentioned the possibility of COVID-19 as a systemic infectious and inflammatory disease. Signs and symptoms of liver and gastrointestinal system are often found in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, there are only few data found about liver abscess and necrosis in post COVID-19 patients.
Case presentation: A 49-year-old man admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, nausea, loss of appetite and epigastric pain, post confirmed SARS CoV-2 severe pneumonia 1 month ago in ICU with noninvasive ventilator (NIV), enoxaparin, tocilizumab, azithromycin, levofloxacin, hydroxychloroquine, and no preexisting liver condition. Swab PCR result was negative. The result of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast was liver abscess formation with hemorrhages measuring about 16 × 12 × 11 cm & 10 × 9x9 cm occupying most of the right lobe liver. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, there were multiple liver abscesses in segment 8 with parenchymal liver necrosis and abscesses in segment 7 of liver. Necrosectomy and liver abscess drainage was performed.
Clinical discussion: Pathophysiology of liver damage in post COVID-19 are direct cytotoxicity of SARS-CoV2, immune-mediated due to severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in COVID-19, hypoxemia, vascular changes due to coagulopathy, endothelitis or congestion from right heart failure, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI).
Conclusion: The possible pathophysiology of liver abscess and necrosis in post COVID-19 should be considered in monitoring and management for both COVID-19 patients and post COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: Case report; Coronavirus disease 2019; Liver abscess; Liver necrosis; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
. 2021 Dec;72:103107.
doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103107. Epub 2021 Nov 23.
Liver abscess with necrosis in post COVID-19: A case report
Aldrich Kurniawan Liemarto[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bernadus Parish Budiono[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Melissa Angela Chionardes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivona Oliviera[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anindita Rahmasiwi[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34840781
- PMCID: PMC8608684
- DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103107
Abstract
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Recent evidences mentioned the possibility of COVID-19 as a systemic infectious and inflammatory disease. Signs and symptoms of liver and gastrointestinal system are often found in post-acute COVID-19 patients. However, there are only few data found about liver abscess and necrosis in post COVID-19 patients.
Case presentation: A 49-year-old man admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, nausea, loss of appetite and epigastric pain, post confirmed SARS CoV-2 severe pneumonia 1 month ago in ICU with noninvasive ventilator (NIV), enoxaparin, tocilizumab, azithromycin, levofloxacin, hydroxychloroquine, and no preexisting liver condition. Swab PCR result was negative. The result of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan with contrast was liver abscess formation with hemorrhages measuring about 16 × 12 × 11 cm & 10 × 9x9 cm occupying most of the right lobe liver. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, there were multiple liver abscesses in segment 8 with parenchymal liver necrosis and abscesses in segment 7 of liver. Necrosectomy and liver abscess drainage was performed.
Clinical discussion: Pathophysiology of liver damage in post COVID-19 are direct cytotoxicity of SARS-CoV2, immune-mediated due to severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in COVID-19, hypoxemia, vascular changes due to coagulopathy, endothelitis or congestion from right heart failure, and drug-induced liver injury (DILI).
Conclusion: The possible pathophysiology of liver abscess and necrosis in post COVID-19 should be considered in monitoring and management for both COVID-19 patients and post COVID-19 patients.
Keywords: Case report; Coronavirus disease 2019; Liver abscess; Liver necrosis; Systemic inflammatory response syndrome.