tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol. 2019 Sep 4. pii: JVI.01178-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01178-19. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Antigenic pressure on H3N2 influenza drift strains imposes constraints on binding to sialylated receptors, but not phosphorylated glycans.[/h] Byrd-Leotis L[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Gao C[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Jia N[SUP]2[/SUP], Mehta A[SUP]2[/SUP], Trost J[SUP]1[/SUP], Cummings SF[SUP]2[/SUP], Heimburg-Molinaro J[SUP]2[/SUP], Cummings RD[SUP]4,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Steinhauer DA[SUP]5,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA. 2 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA. 3 Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta GA, 30322 USA. 4 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA dsteinh@emory.edu rcummin1@bidmc.harvard.edu. 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA dsteinh@emory.edu rcummin1@bidmc.harvard.edu.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] H3N2 strains of influenza A virus emerged in humans in 1968 and have continued to circulate, evolving in response to human immune pressure. During this process of "antigenic drift," viruses have progressively lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species and to replicate efficiently under the established conditions for amplifying clinical isolates and generating vaccine candidates. We have determined the glycome profiles of chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes to gain insights into reduced agglutination properties displayed by drifted strains and show that both contain complex sialylated N-glycans, but they differ with respect to the extent of branching, core fucosylation, and the abundance of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (PL) [-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-][SUB]n[/SUB] structures. We also examined binding of the H3N2 viruses using three different glycan microarrays: the synthetic Consortium for Functional Glycomics array, the defined N-glycan array designed to reveal contributions to binding based on sialic acid linkage type, branched structures, and core modifications, and the human lung shotgun glycan microarray. The results demonstrate that H3N2 viruses have progressively lost their capacity to bind nearly all canonical sialylated receptors other than a selection of bi-antennary structures and PL structures with or without sialic acid. Significantly, all viruses displayed robust binding to non-sialylated high mannose phosphorylated glycans, even as the recognition of sialylated structures is decreased through antigenic drift.ImportanceInfluenza H3N2 subtype viruses have circulated in humans for over 50 years, continuing to cause annual epidemics. Such viruses have undergone antigenic drift in response to immune pressure, reducing the protective effects of pre-existing immunity to previously circulating H3N2 strains. The changes in HA affiliated with drift have implications for the receptor binding properties of these viruses, affecting virus replication in culture systems commonly used to generate and amplify vaccine strains. Therefore, the antigenic properties of the vaccines may not directly reflect those of the circulating strains from which they were derived, compromising vaccine efficacy. In order to reproducibly provide effective vaccines, it will be critical to understand the interrelationships between binding, antigenicity, and replication properties in different growth substrates.
Copyright ? 2019 Byrd-Leotis et al.
PMID: 31484755 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01178-19
Free full text
[h=1]Antigenic pressure on H3N2 influenza drift strains imposes constraints on binding to sialylated receptors, but not phosphorylated glycans.[/h] Byrd-Leotis L[SUP]1,[/SUP][SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Gao C[SUP]2,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Jia N[SUP]2[/SUP], Mehta A[SUP]2[/SUP], Trost J[SUP]1[/SUP], Cummings SF[SUP]2[/SUP], Heimburg-Molinaro J[SUP]2[/SUP], Cummings RD[SUP]4,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP], Steinhauer DA[SUP]5,[/SUP][SUP]3[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h] 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA. 2 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA. 3 Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA CEIRS, Atlanta GA, 30322 USA. 4 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115 USA dsteinh@emory.edu rcummin1@bidmc.harvard.edu. 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA dsteinh@emory.edu rcummin1@bidmc.harvard.edu.
[h=3]Abstract[/h] H3N2 strains of influenza A virus emerged in humans in 1968 and have continued to circulate, evolving in response to human immune pressure. During this process of "antigenic drift," viruses have progressively lost the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of various species and to replicate efficiently under the established conditions for amplifying clinical isolates and generating vaccine candidates. We have determined the glycome profiles of chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes to gain insights into reduced agglutination properties displayed by drifted strains and show that both contain complex sialylated N-glycans, but they differ with respect to the extent of branching, core fucosylation, and the abundance of poly-N-acetyllactosamine (PL) [-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-][SUB]n[/SUB] structures. We also examined binding of the H3N2 viruses using three different glycan microarrays: the synthetic Consortium for Functional Glycomics array, the defined N-glycan array designed to reveal contributions to binding based on sialic acid linkage type, branched structures, and core modifications, and the human lung shotgun glycan microarray. The results demonstrate that H3N2 viruses have progressively lost their capacity to bind nearly all canonical sialylated receptors other than a selection of bi-antennary structures and PL structures with or without sialic acid. Significantly, all viruses displayed robust binding to non-sialylated high mannose phosphorylated glycans, even as the recognition of sialylated structures is decreased through antigenic drift.ImportanceInfluenza H3N2 subtype viruses have circulated in humans for over 50 years, continuing to cause annual epidemics. Such viruses have undergone antigenic drift in response to immune pressure, reducing the protective effects of pre-existing immunity to previously circulating H3N2 strains. The changes in HA affiliated with drift have implications for the receptor binding properties of these viruses, affecting virus replication in culture systems commonly used to generate and amplify vaccine strains. Therefore, the antigenic properties of the vaccines may not directly reflect those of the circulating strains from which they were derived, compromising vaccine efficacy. In order to reproducibly provide effective vaccines, it will be critical to understand the interrelationships between binding, antigenicity, and replication properties in different growth substrates.
Copyright ? 2019 Byrd-Leotis et al.
PMID: 31484755 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01178-19
Free full text