tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Arch Med Res
. 2020 Nov 10;S0188-4409(20)31342-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.002. Online ahead of print.
An Evidence-based Protocol for Minimising Thromboembolic Events in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Ashok Kumar Arigondam[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Abdul Rahman Hakeem[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mettu Srinivas Reddy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohamed Rela[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is complicated by significant coagulopathy, that manifests in the form of both pulmonary artery microthromboses and systemic venous thromboembolism (VTE) leading to excess mortality. Dysregulated innate immune response in the lung due to viral-entry mediated angiotensin-I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor downregulation causes endothelial injury in the pulmonary vasculature, inflammatory cytokine release, increased thrombin generation and impaired fibrinolysis. The inflammatory disease process, immobilization with prolonged hospital stay, hypoxia due to extensive lung injury and pre-existing comorbidities can contribute to thromboembolic episodes (TE). The observed risk for TE in COVID-19 is high despite anticoagulation, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A high level of clinical suspicion, lower threshold for diagnostic imaging and aggressive early and extended thromboprophylaxis is indicated. The available evidence on the optimal strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat VTE in patients with COVID-19 is heterogenous, but rapidly evolving. We propose an evidence-based, risk-stratified protocol in approaching the risk of TE episodes in COVID-19 patients.
. 2020 Nov 10;S0188-4409(20)31342-4.
doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.002. Online ahead of print.
An Evidence-based Protocol for Minimising Thromboembolic Events in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Ashok Kumar Arigondam[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Abdul Rahman Hakeem[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mettu Srinivas Reddy[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mohamed Rela[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33423804
- DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.002
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is complicated by significant coagulopathy, that manifests in the form of both pulmonary artery microthromboses and systemic venous thromboembolism (VTE) leading to excess mortality. Dysregulated innate immune response in the lung due to viral-entry mediated angiotensin-I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor downregulation causes endothelial injury in the pulmonary vasculature, inflammatory cytokine release, increased thrombin generation and impaired fibrinolysis. The inflammatory disease process, immobilization with prolonged hospital stay, hypoxia due to extensive lung injury and pre-existing comorbidities can contribute to thromboembolic episodes (TE). The observed risk for TE in COVID-19 is high despite anticoagulation, particularly in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A high level of clinical suspicion, lower threshold for diagnostic imaging and aggressive early and extended thromboprophylaxis is indicated. The available evidence on the optimal strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat VTE in patients with COVID-19 is heterogenous, but rapidly evolving. We propose an evidence-based, risk-stratified protocol in approaching the risk of TE episodes in COVID-19 patients.