tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Vaccine. 2015 Nov 7. pii: S0264-410X(15)01596-0. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.134. [Epub ahead of print]
[h=1]Baseline serum interleukin-6 to interleukin-2 ratio is associated with the response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients.[/h] Fern?ndez-Ruiz M[SUP]1[/SUP], Humar A[SUP]1[/SUP], Baluch A[SUP]2[/SUP], Keshwani S[SUP]1[/SUP], Husain S[SUP]1[/SUP], Kumar D[SUP]3[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] The analysis of pre- and post-vaccination B-cell-associated cytokines might be useful in predicting the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] We performed a subanalysis of a clinical trial that compared the safety and efficacy of high-dose intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) TIV in SOT recipients. Serum levels of selected cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-21, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were measured pre- and one month post-vaccination in 155 patients (with 84 and 71 receiving the ID and IM vaccines, respectively). Cytokine profiles were compared according to vaccine response (seroconversion [≥4-fold increase in hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers] to ≥1 influenza vaccine antigen).
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] Mean baseline IL-6 levels were higher (1.20 versus 0.65pg/mL; P-value=0.021) and IL-2 levels were lower (0.01 versus 0.50pg/mL; P-value=0.051) in patients achieving vaccine response. After adjusting for clinical variables, baseline IL-6/IL-2 ratio remained predictive of vaccine response (odds ratio per 10-unit increment: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.10; P-value=0.002). Vaccination induced an increase in TNF-α (P-value <0.0001) and a decrease in IL-5 levels (P-value=0.0007). There were no significant differences in cytokine kinetics between vaccine responders and non-responders. Mean baseline TNF-α levels were higher in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe adverse events after vaccination (1.93 versus 1.72pg/mL; P-value=0.009).
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] Baseline serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels, two cytokines that modulate the role of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T follicular helper cells and the terminal differentiation of B-cells, predict vaccine response in SOT recipients.
Copyright ? 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Cytokines; Influenza vaccination; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Solid organ transplantation; Vaccine response
PMID: 26555352 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
[h=1]Baseline serum interleukin-6 to interleukin-2 ratio is associated with the response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients.[/h] Fern?ndez-Ruiz M[SUP]1[/SUP], Humar A[SUP]1[/SUP], Baluch A[SUP]2[/SUP], Keshwani S[SUP]1[/SUP], Husain S[SUP]1[/SUP], Kumar D[SUP]3[/SUP].
[h=3]Author information[/h]
[h=3]Abstract[/h] [h=4]BACKGROUND:[/h] The analysis of pre- and post-vaccination B-cell-associated cytokines might be useful in predicting the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients.
[h=4]METHODS:[/h] We performed a subanalysis of a clinical trial that compared the safety and efficacy of high-dose intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) TIV in SOT recipients. Serum levels of selected cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-21, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were measured pre- and one month post-vaccination in 155 patients (with 84 and 71 receiving the ID and IM vaccines, respectively). Cytokine profiles were compared according to vaccine response (seroconversion [≥4-fold increase in hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers] to ≥1 influenza vaccine antigen).
[h=4]RESULTS:[/h] Mean baseline IL-6 levels were higher (1.20 versus 0.65pg/mL; P-value=0.021) and IL-2 levels were lower (0.01 versus 0.50pg/mL; P-value=0.051) in patients achieving vaccine response. After adjusting for clinical variables, baseline IL-6/IL-2 ratio remained predictive of vaccine response (odds ratio per 10-unit increment: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.10; P-value=0.002). Vaccination induced an increase in TNF-α (P-value <0.0001) and a decrease in IL-5 levels (P-value=0.0007). There were no significant differences in cytokine kinetics between vaccine responders and non-responders. Mean baseline TNF-α levels were higher in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe adverse events after vaccination (1.93 versus 1.72pg/mL; P-value=0.009).
[h=4]CONCLUSIONS:[/h] Baseline serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels, two cytokines that modulate the role of CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] T follicular helper cells and the terminal differentiation of B-cells, predict vaccine response in SOT recipients.
Copyright ? 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
[h=4]KEYWORDS:[/h] Cytokines; Influenza vaccination; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-6; Solid organ transplantation; Vaccine response
PMID: 26555352 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]