tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Biomolecules
. 2022 Mar 14;12(3):445.
doi: 10.3390/biom12030445.
Circulating Levels of PD-L1, TIM-3 and MMP-7 Are Promising Biomarkers to Differentiate COVID-19 Patients That Require Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Leslie Chavez-Galan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andy Ruiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karen Martinez-Espinosa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hiram Aguilar-Duran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martha Torres[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ramces Falfan-Valencia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gloria Pérez-Rubio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Moises Selman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivette Buendia-Roldan[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many COVID-19 patients require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) while others, even with acute respiratory failure, do not (NIMV). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum levels of MMP-7 and molecules related to exhausted T-cells as potential biomarkers to differentiate between IMV and NIMV patients.
Methods: 105 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and confirmed by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were divided into two groups according to the requirement for IMV. Serum levels of sPD-L1, sPD-L2, sTIM-3, sGal-9 and sMMP-7 were quantified by ELISA and correlated with clinical data. Twelve patients were followed up after eight months to compare the levels of the biomarkers between acute disease and post-COVID-19.
Results: IMV patients experienced a lower PaO[SUB]2[/SUB]/FiO[SUB]2[/SUB] (p < 0.0001) and a longer hospital stay (p < 0.0001), and exhibited higher levels of sPD-L1 (p < 0.05), sTIM-3 (p < 0.01) and sMMP-7 (p < 0.0001) when compared with NIMV patients. According to a ROC analysis, sMMP-7 had the highest sensitivity (78%) and specificity (76%) with a cut point of 4.5 ng/mL, followed by sTIM-3 and sPD-L1. Eight months post-COVID-19, IMV patients displayed a significant decrease in the initially high levels of sPD-L1, sTIM-3 and sGal-9, while sPD-L2 was increased, and sMMP-7 was unchanged.
Conclusion: Circulating levels of sPD-L1, sTIM-3 and sMMP-7 are potential biomarkers of disease severity to distinguish patients requiring IMV. MMP-7 could also be a marker for the persistence of lung lesions post-COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; biomarkers; invasive mechanical ventilation.
. 2022 Mar 14;12(3):445.
doi: 10.3390/biom12030445.
Circulating Levels of PD-L1, TIM-3 and MMP-7 Are Promising Biomarkers to Differentiate COVID-19 Patients That Require Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
Leslie Chavez-Galan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Andy Ruiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karen Martinez-Espinosa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hiram Aguilar-Duran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martha Torres[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ramces Falfan-Valencia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gloria Pérez-Rubio[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Moises Selman[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivette Buendia-Roldan[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35327637
- DOI: 10.3390/biom12030445
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many COVID-19 patients require invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) while others, even with acute respiratory failure, do not (NIMV). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate serum levels of MMP-7 and molecules related to exhausted T-cells as potential biomarkers to differentiate between IMV and NIMV patients.
Methods: 105 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and confirmed by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 were divided into two groups according to the requirement for IMV. Serum levels of sPD-L1, sPD-L2, sTIM-3, sGal-9 and sMMP-7 were quantified by ELISA and correlated with clinical data. Twelve patients were followed up after eight months to compare the levels of the biomarkers between acute disease and post-COVID-19.
Results: IMV patients experienced a lower PaO[SUB]2[/SUB]/FiO[SUB]2[/SUB] (p < 0.0001) and a longer hospital stay (p < 0.0001), and exhibited higher levels of sPD-L1 (p < 0.05), sTIM-3 (p < 0.01) and sMMP-7 (p < 0.0001) when compared with NIMV patients. According to a ROC analysis, sMMP-7 had the highest sensitivity (78%) and specificity (76%) with a cut point of 4.5 ng/mL, followed by sTIM-3 and sPD-L1. Eight months post-COVID-19, IMV patients displayed a significant decrease in the initially high levels of sPD-L1, sTIM-3 and sGal-9, while sPD-L2 was increased, and sMMP-7 was unchanged.
Conclusion: Circulating levels of sPD-L1, sTIM-3 and sMMP-7 are potential biomarkers of disease severity to distinguish patients requiring IMV. MMP-7 could also be a marker for the persistence of lung lesions post-COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; biomarkers; invasive mechanical ventilation.